The Virtuous Wehrmacht: Crafting the Myth of the German Soldier on the Eastern Front, 1941-1944

Description

The Virtuous Wehrmacht explores the myth of the German armed forces' innocence during World War II by reconstructing the moral world of German soldiers on the Eastern Front. How did they avoid feelings of guilt about the many atrocities their side committed? David A. Harrisville compellingly demonstrates that this myth of innocence was created during the course of the war itself―and did not arise as a postwar whitewashing of events. In 1941 three million Wehrmacht troops overran the border between German- and Soviet-occupied Poland, racing toward the USSR in the largest military operation in modern history. Over the next four years, they embarked on a campaign of wanton brutality, murdering countless civilians, systemically starving millions of Soviet prisoners of war, and actively participating in the genocide of Eastern European Jews. After the war, however, German servicemen insisted that they had fought honorably and that their institution had never involved itself in Nazi crimes. Drawing on more than two thousand letters from German soldiers, contextualized by operational and home front documents, Harrisville shows that this myth was the culmination of long-running efforts by the army to preserve an illusion of respectability in the midst of a criminal operation. The primary authors of this fabrication were ordinary soldiers cultivating a decent self-image and developing moral arguments to explain their behavior by drawing on a constellation of values that long preceded Nazism. The Virtuous Wehrmacht explains how the army encouraged troops to view themselves as honorable representatives of a civilized nation, not only racially but morally superior to others. The Virtuous Wehrmacht Contents Acknowledgments List of Terms and Abbreviations Introduction: Toward a Moral History of the Wehrmacht in the War of Extermination 1. Honorable Self and Villainous Other: Value Systems in the Wehrmacht 2. Rationalizing Atrocities: Self-Exoneration in Soldiers’ Letters 3. The “Crusaders”: Religious Justifications for Barbarossa 4. The “Liberators”: Barbarossa as an Emancipatory Act 5. Death and Victimhood: Cultivating Moral Superiority through Burial Practices Conclusion: A Myth Is Born Appendix: Biographical Details on the Core Sample of Soldiers Notes Bibliography Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Z