Free Space Laser Communication With Ambient Light Compensation

Description

This book addresses 5G network capacity requirements with a new architecture for 5G Optical Backhaul Network. The author first describes the challenges for 5G backhaul network requirements and then the details of an Optical Backhaul Network for 5G. The author describes an architecture, in which small cells deploy as a cluster (i.e., 3-5 small cells in one cluster), where one small cell works as an aggregation point using an optical transceiver to backhaul the aggregated traffic to the nearest optical network unit, before it then goes to the core network. This book also illustrates the optical link budget analysis that can be used to determine the availability and the performances of the optical backhaul link in different deployment scenarios and different weather conditions. • Provides a single-source reference to the basics of free space laser communication with ambient light compensation; • Offers timely information, blending theory and practice; • Written to be accessible to readers with varying backgrounds, including numerous illustrations; • Provides hands-on experience through practical examples, which can be put to work to deploy and optimize cellular networks. Contents......Page 6 1.1 Introduction to Channel Coding......Page 12 1.2.1 ARQ Technique......Page 13 Block Coding......Page 14 Convolutional Coding......Page 15 Concatenated Coding......Page 17 Orthogonal Coding......Page 18 1.3.1 Nyquist Minimum Bandwidth......Page 20 1.3.2 Shannon-Hartley Capacity Theorem......Page 21 1.3.3 Baseband Modulation......Page 22 1.3.4 Waveform Coding......Page 24 1.4 Conclusions......Page 25 References......Page 26 2.1 Introduction to ARQ......Page 27 2.2 The Basic Concept......Page 28 2.3.1 Parity......Page 29 2.3.2 Parity is an Arithmetic Operation......Page 30 Two Inputs EXOR......Page 31 2.3.5 Exclusive OR Chain Showing the Generation of Odd Parity by Inspection......Page 32 2.4 Construction of ARQ for Serial Data Processing......Page 36 2.5 Construction of ARQ for Parallel Data Processing......Page 39 2.6.1 Merits (ARQ Can Detect Odd Errors Only)......Page 42 2.7 Conclusions......Page 44 References......Page 45 3.1 Introduction to Block Coding......Page 46 3.2 Block Code Building Blocks......Page 47 3.3.1 Construction of Data Block......Page 48 3.3.2 Encoder: Construction of Block Codes......Page 49 3.3.4 Example of Error Detection and Correction......Page 50 3.4.1 Code Rate......Page 51 3.4.2 Bandwidth......Page 52 3.5.1 Encoder......Page 55 3.5.2 Decoder......Page 56 3.6.1 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Modulation......Page 58 3.6.3 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation......Page 60 3.6.5 Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Modulation......Page 62 3.6.6 Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Demodulation......Page 63 3.7 Estimation of Transmission Bandwidth......Page 64 3.7.1 Spectral Response of the Encoded Data......Page 65 Important Note......Page 66 3.7.2 Spectral Response of the Carrier Frequency Before Modulation......Page 67 3.7.4 FSK Bandwidth at a Glance......Page 68 3.7.5 BPSK Bandwidth at a Glance......Page 70 References......Page 75 4.1 Introduction......Page 77 4.2.1 Shift Register (SR)......Page 79 4.2.3 Symbolic Representation of Exclusive OR Gates......Page 81 4.2.5 Multiplexers......Page 82 4.2.6 Polynomial Representation of Data......Page 84 4.3 Construction and Operation of Convolutional Encoder......Page 85 4.3.1 Polynomial Method of Analysis......Page 86 4.3.2 Verification by Inspection......Page 87 4.3.3 Constraint Length, Code Rate, and Bandwidth......Page 89 4.4 Summary of Convolutional Encoder......Page 92 4.5.2 Code Correlation Process......Page 97 The Final Verdict......Page 103 References......Page 104 5.1 Introduction......Page 106 5.2 Conceptual Development......Page 109 5.3.1 Construction of Orthogonal and Antipodal Codes......Page 110 5.4.1 Error Control Capabilities of Orthogonal Codes......Page 113 5.4.2 Error Performance and Coding Gain......Page 116 Decoder......Page 119 Decoder......Page 122 Encoder......Page 123 Decoder......Page 124 5.6 Higher-Order Orthogonal Waveform Coding Using 16-Bit Orthogonal Code......Page 125 5.6.1 Rate 5/16 Orthogonal Waveform Coding Based on n =16 Orthogonal Code......Page 127 5.6.2 Rate Orthogonal Waveform Coding Based on n =16 Orthogonal Code......Page 128 5.6.3 Rate Orthogonal Waveform Coding Using n=16 Orthogonal Code......Page 130 5.6.4 Rate 1 Orthogonal Waveform Coding Based on n=16 Orthogonal Code......Page 131 5.7 Waveform Capacity......Page 133 5.8 Conclusions......Page 136 References......Page 137 6.1 Background......Page 138 6.2.1 AM, FM, and PM......Page 140 6.2.2 AM and FM Bandwidth at a Glance......Page 141 6.3 Modulation by Digital Signal......Page 142 6.3.1 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Modulation......Page 143 6.4 Bandwidth Occupancy in Digital Modulation......Page 144 6.4.1 Spectral Response of the Encoded Data......Page 145 6.4.3 ASK Bandwidth at a Glance......Page 147 6.4.4 FSK Bandwidth at a Glance......Page 148 6.4.5 BPSK Bandwidth at a Glance......Page 149 References......Page 152 7.1 Introduction......Page 153 7.2 Amplitude Modulation......Page 154 7.3.2 Spectral Response of the Carrier Frequency......Page 156 7.3.3 AM Spectrum and Bandwidth......Page 157 7.3.4 AM Response due to Low and High Modulating Signals......Page 159 7.3.6 Drawbacks in AM......Page 160 7.4.1 DSBSC Modulation......Page 161 7.4.2 Generation of DSBSC Signal......Page 162 7.4.3 DSBSC Spectrum and Bandwidth......Page 163 7.4.4 DSBSC Drawback......Page 164 7.5.1 Why SSB Modulation?......Page 165 7.5.2 Generation of SSB Modulated Signal......Page 166 7.5.3 SSB Spectrum and Bandwidth......Page 167 7.6 Conclusions......Page 168 References......Page 169 8.1 Introduction......Page 170 8.2.1 Background......Page 171 8.2.2 The Basic FM......Page 172 8.3.1 Spectral Response of the Input Modulating Signal......Page 174 8.3.2 Spectral Response of the Carrier Frequency......Page 175 8.3.4 Carson´s Rule and FM Bandwidth......Page 176 8.3.5 Bessel Function and FM Bandwidth......Page 177 8.3.6 FM Bandwidth Dilemma......Page 179 References......Page 181 9.1 Introduction......Page 182 9.2 ASK Modulation......Page 183 9.3 ASK Demodulation......Page 185 9.4.1 Spectral Response of the Encoded Data......Page 186 9.4.2 Spectral Response of the Carrier Frequency Before Modulation......Page 188 9.4.3 ASK Bandwidth at a Glance......Page 189 9.5 BER Performance......Page 191 9.6 Conclusions......Page 192 References......Page 193 10.1 Introduction......Page 194 10.2 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation......Page 195 10.4 FSK Bandwidth......Page 197 10.4.1 Spectral Response of the Encoded Data......Page 198 10.4.2 Spectral Response of the Carrier Frequency Before Modulation......Page 200 10.4.3 FSK Bandwidth at a Glance......Page 201 10.5 BER Performance......Page 203 10.6 Conclusions......Page 204 References......Page 205 11.1 Introduction......Page 206 11.2.1 BPSK Modulation......Page 207 11.2.2 BPSK Demodulation......Page 210 11.4 8PSK Modulation......Page 211 11.5 16PSK Modulation......Page 212 11.6 PSK Spectrum and Bandwidth......Page 213 11.6.1 Spectral Response of the Encoded Data......Page 214 11.6.2 Spectral Response of the Carrier Before Modulation......Page 215 11.6.3 BPSK Spectrum......Page 216 References......Page 219 Index......Page 221