NCRP Report No 153. Information Needed to Make Radiation Protection Recommendations for Space Missions Beyond Low-Earth Orbit

Description

Information Needed to Make Radiation Protection Recommendations for Space Missions Beyond Low-Earth Orbit. NCRP Report No 153. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (2006). The purpose of this Report is to identify and describe information needed to make radiation protection recommendations for space missions beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO). Current space radiation guidelines pertain only to missions in LEO and are not considered relevant for missions beyond LEO. Radiation protection in deep space is complicated because of the unique nature of the space radiation environment, which is unlike any radiation environment present on Earth or in LEO.INTRODUCTION SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT Galactic Cosmic Radiation Solar-Particle Events SPACE RADIATION PHYSICS AND TRANSPORT Radiation Transport in Shielding Track Structure Models Validation of Radiation Transport Codes Biophysics Models and Shielding Effectiveness SPACE DOSIMETRY Radiation Environment Measurement in Mixed Fields Energy Deposition Patterns for Components of the Radiation Spectrum Charged Particle Equilibrium Biological Significance Characterizing Biological Response Measurement of Absorbed Dose Linear Energy Transfer Spectrum SPACE RADIATION BIOLOGY Late Radiation Effects Early Radiation Effects Summary of Current Space Radiation Biology Summary of Needed Space Radiation Biology SPACE RADIATION RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY Late Radiation Effects Early Radiation Effects Risk to the Central Nervous System Alternative Cancer Projection Models Computational Biology and Risk Assessment SUMMARY OF INFORMATION NEEDED Space Radiation Environment Space Radiation Physics and Transport Space Dosimetry Space Radiation Biology Space Radiation Risk Assessment Methodology APPENDIX A. SUMMARY TABLES OF LITERATURE BY RADIATION TYPE