VASCULAR NEUROLOGY BOARD REVIEW : an essential study guide.

Description

Preface Contents Editors and Contributors CHAPTER 1: How to Prepare for the Exam Introduction Registering for the Exam Day of Exam Exam Format Preparing for the Test Maintenance of Certification (MOC) Fellowship Waiver MOC Examination CHAPTER 2: Initial Stroke Evaluation Introduction Expedited History and Physical (in the Emergency Department) Chief Complaint (Obtained from the Patient, Family, or EMS) History of Presenting Illness Past Medical History Medications Family History Social History Allergies Review of Systems Physical Examination Laboratory Studies Imaging Management CHAPTER 3: Vascular Neuroanatomy Introduction Blood-Brain Barrier Structures Vessel Formation and Structure Anterior Circulation Anatomy Eye Posterior Circulation Anatomy Collateral Circulation and Anastomoses Cerebral Venous System Spinal Cord Vasculature and Ischemia Suggested Reading CHAPTER 4: Stroke Syndromes Introduction Localization Tips Anterior Circulation Syndromes Neuro-ophthalmology Auditory Disorders and Stroke Posterior Circulation Syndromes Malignant Strokes Suggested Reading CHAPTER 5: Epidemiology and Risk Factors Introduction Epidemiology Non-modifiable Risk Factors Modifiable Risk Factors Suggested Reading CHAPTER 6: Stroke Pathophysiology Introduction Normal Hemostasis, Energy, and Volume Regulation Cellular Response to Cerebral Ischemia Cerebral Autoregulation Disrupted Cerebral Autoregulation Mechanisms of Secondary Injury Suggested Reading CHAPTER 7: Classification of Stroke Introduction Classifications of Ischemia Vasculitis (Inflammatory Vasculopathy) Large Artery Vasculitis Medium Artery Vasculitis Small to Medium Artery Vasculitis Microcirculation Infectious Vasculitis Suggested Reading CHAPTER 8: Stroke Treatment, Early Management, and Secondary Prevention Introduction Acute Stroke Treatment IV tPA Blood Pressure Management in Acute Stroke Setting Telemedicine, “Drip and Ship” Endovascular Treatment Late Window/Wake-Up Strokes In-Hospital Stroke Management Antiplatelet Agents for Secondary Stroke Prevention Carotid Endarterectomy Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) Carotid Dissection Sympathetic Pathway and Horner’s Syndrome Transient Ischemic Attacks Management of Risk Factors Suggested Reading CHAPTER 9: Clinical Cardiology Introduction Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation Sick Sinus Syndrome Patent Foramen Ovale Endocarditis Other Cardiac Conditions Echo Images (Figs. 9-4, 9-5, and 9-6) Suggested Readings CHAPTER 10: Genetic Stroke Syndromes Introduction Useful Concepts in Medical and Population Genetics Mendelian Conditions Associated with Ischemic Stroke Mendelian Conditions Associated with Intracerebral Hemorrhage Suggested Readings CHAPTER 11: Special Populations Introduction Pediatric Stroke Congenital Heart Disease Vasculopathies of Childhood Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Children Workup for Pediatric Acute Ischemic Stroke Management of Acute Pediatric Stroke Other Conditions Young Adults Pregnancy Acute Stroke Workup and Treatment in Pregnant Patients Anticoagulation in Pregnancy Postmenopausal Women Stroke and Substance Abuse Cancer Patients Patients with Renal Disease Sarcoidosis Testosterone and Thrombosis Suggested Readings CHAPTER 12: Complications of Stroke Introduction CAUSES OF EARLY NEUROLOGICAL DECLINE Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Speech and Swallow Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction Psychiatric Disturbances Other Complications Suggested Reading CHAPTER 13: Intracranial Hemorrhage Introduction Primary and Secondary Hemorrhage Diagnosis of ICH Treatment of ICH Suggested Reading CHAPTER 14: Vascular Malformations of the Brain and Spine Introduction Shunting Lesions Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) Spine Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) Brain Dural Arteriovenous Malformation Spine Dural Arteriovenous Malformation Intracranial Aneurysms Saccular (Berry) Aneurysm Fusiform Aneurysms Mycotic Aneurysms Cavernous Malformations Suggested Reading CHAPTER 15: Hematologic Disorders Introduction Evaluation Thrombus Formation Hypercoagulable Conditions Platelet Disorders Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome Suggested Reading CHAPTER 16: Neuroradiology Introduction Computed Tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Vessel Imaging Suggested Reading CHAPTER 17: Vascular Cognitive Disorders Introduction General Considerations Clinicopathological Correlation Genetics Diagnosis of Vascular Cognitive Disorders Treatment Suggested Reading CHAPTER 18: Stroke Rehab Introduction Goals of Rehab Natural History of Motor Recovery Mechanisms of Recovery Scales Rehab Techniques and Approaches Specific Deficits Poststroke Depression Driving Work Rehabilitation Facilities Suggested Reading CHAPTER 19: Pharmacology IntrodUctioN Antihypertensives Diabetes Mellitus Hyperlipidemia Atrial Fibrillation Antiplatelet Agents Suggested Reading CHAPTER 20: Stroke Systems of Care Introduction Prehospital Stroke Care TeleStroke Stroke Center Designations Primary Stroke Center (PSC) Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) Acute Stroke Ready Hospital (ASRH) Thrombectomy-Capable Stroke Center (TSC) Stroke Quality Measures Suggested Reading CHAPTER 21: Perioperative Stroke Introduction Perioperative Stroke Decision-Making Based on Procedural Bleeding Risk Postoperative VTE Risk Agent-Specific Perioperative Management Timing of Surgery with Stroke Suggested Reading Index