Cartoons in Hard Times: The Animated Shorts of Disney and Warner Brothers in Depression and War 1932-1945

Description

Cartoons in Hard Times provides a comprehensive analysis of the short subject animation released by the Walt Disney and Warner Brothers from 1932 and 1945, one of the most turbulent periods in Unites States history. Through a combination of content analysis, historical understanding and archival research, this book sheds new light on a hitherto unexplored area of animation, suggesting the ways in which Disney and Warner Brothers animation engaged with historical, social, economic and political changes in this era. The book also traces the development of animation into a medium fit for propaganda in 1941 and the changes in characters, tone, music and narrative that took place to facilitate this transition. Animation transformed in this era from a medium of entertainment, to a socio-political commentator before finally undertaking government sponsored propaganda during the Second World War. Review Mollet offers a close study of those cartoons produced by Disney and Warner's beginning in 1930 with the outset of the Great Depression and concludes with the end of World War II in 1945. Her volume is expertly conceived, scrupulously researched, and smartly written, providing just the right balance between objective information and personal interpretation. This will immediately become the definitive study of this fascinating and unique niche in the history of Hollywood animation. * Douglas Brode, author of From Walt To Woodstock: How Disney Created the Counterculture * Offering balanced coverage of the short-form animations of both Walt Disney and Warner Brothers, between 1932 and 1945, Mollet provides a compelling account of how both studios gradually established the persuasive - and at times propagandistic - credentials of animation at a time of significant economic, social, and political transformation. By providing a detailed analysis of the themes, stories, and symbols found in these animated shorts, Mollet's book is sure to become a lasting reference point for readers wishing to learn more about how these films engaged with the prevailing issues of their time. * Chris Pallant, Senior Lecturer, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK * This an ambitious and tremendously thorough book which sheds light on some neglected areas of animation, in particular early Warners and Disney short cartoons. It will appeal both to students of animation and those interested in American popular culture between 1932 and 1945. It puts cartoons of this period in the context of wider historical events - in particular the depression, Roosevelt and the Second World War - and re-examines the role of animation in the overall history of Hollywood. It not only analyses these cartoons in depth, but also demonstrates the importance of animation in the field of propaganda. In doing all this It highlights some of the lesser known work of some America's pre-eminent animators, including Tex Avery, Bob Clampett, David Hand, Chuck Jones and Frank Tashlin. * Dave Huxley, Senior Lecturer, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK * Tracey Mollet's Cartoons in Hard Times is the examination of animated shorts that Animation scholars and students have been needing for some time. Its examination of the ways that animation both reflected and played an important role in two periods of intense crisis - the Great Depression and World War II - is one that will fascinate animation scholars and animation fans alike. * Amy M. Davis, Lecturer in Film and Animation Studies, University of Hull, UK * About the Author Tracey Louise Mollet is a Lecturer in Media and Communication at the University of Leeds, UK. Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Page Contents List of Figures Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Chapter 1: Introduction: The Storyboard So Far The problem with animation Animation and propaganda The movies and propaganda The Walt Disney Studios The Schlesinger Studios Chapter outline Chapter 2: The Roosevelt Honeymoon 1932–4 The Hollywood trade press and the new president Conclusion Chapter 3: Animating Depression America 1934–7 Rural idealism Conflicting mindsets – the challenge of community living Not in the money – the struggles of economic hardship Political tantrums Conclusion Chapter 4: International Relations in Animation 1936–41 Animation and the rise of Hitler Animation and the Spanish Civil War Conclusion Chapter 5: Animated Nationalism 1937–41 Distory: Animation celebrates America Idealistic geography and its historical consequences What makes America – National traditions The strength of America – Institutions of authority Conclusion Chapter 6: Animation at War: Disney, Warner Brothers and the US Government 1941–3 Taxes to beat the Axis Der Fuehrer’s state – The animation of Nazi Germany Disney educates: The informational & advisory short subjects Conclusion Chapter 7: Animation at War: Disney, Warner Brothers and Wartime Entertainment 1941–5 Donald gets drafted – The entertainment shorts of the Disney Studios Bugs, Daffy & the Japs – Warner Brothers’ contribution to the war effort Conclusion Chapter 8: Conclusion: That’s All Folks Works Cited Filmography Disney’s short subjects Warner Brothers’ short subjects Feature films Index