The EMERGENCE OF BANGLADESH interdisciplinary perspectives.

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Acknowledgments Extract from Oshomapto Atmojiboni (Unfinished Autobiography) Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Tables Introduction Paradox of Development Towards Industrialization and Urbanization Challenges to Democracy Foreign Policy Imperatives References The Political and Economic Context Underlying the Emergence of Bangladesh Introduction Pathway to Independence Democracy and Disparity Marginalization of the Provincial Government Marginalization of Bengalis in the Business Sector Struggle for Self-Government for Bengalis From Autonomy to Liberation References Wind of Change: Bhola 1970 November 11, 1970 Aid to the Region and the Government Response The Future References War Babies of 1971: A Missing Historical Narrative Incidence of Rape Incidence of Enforced Pregnancies Incidence of Abortion Incidence of Birth Incidence of Death Incidence of Abandonment Government Initiatives in Inter-Country Adoption Adoption Within Bangladesh Canadian Initiative in Adopting the War Babies Conclusion References The Making of the Bangladesh Constitution Bengali Identity, Secularism and the Language Movement Introduction Post-Partition East Bengal The Worldview of the Post-Partition Intelligentsia Problems of Identity Language and Politics The Language Movement: Growth and Impact Ekushe: 1952 and Its Aftermath Conclusion References Religious Radicalization in Bangladesh Introduction Radicalization: Definition, Factors, Framework and the Model Nexus of Religion and Radicalization Radicalization Pathway: An Alternative Framework ‘Religious Radicalization’ in Bangladesh: Two Strands Factors of Radicalization in Bangladesh Conclusions References The Making of Minorities in Bangladesh: Legacies, Policies and Practice Introduction Constitutional Construction of Minorities—Religious and Ethnic Discourse and Practices Related to Ethnic Minorities Policies, Politics and Governance—Religious Minorities The Vested Property Act and Dispossession of Hindu-owned Land Majoritarian Democracies: The Politics of the Vote Bank Policies, Politics and Governance—Ethnic Minorities (CHT and Plainlands) Number of Ethnic Groups Ethnic Minorities in the CHT and Plainlands The CHT Background to the Conflict in the CHT The Accord and the Responses The Plainlands Traditional Institutions Politics of Marginalization within Minority Groups—Gender and Caste Patriarchy and Power Relationships: The Location of Minority Women Future Prospects References The Political Economy of Development: Bangladesh From Its Emergence toward the Future Introduction Methodology Theoretical Framework: Intermediate Classes to Dependent Comprador Class and SEICA Common Strategic Orientations of East and Southeast Asian Development: Key Takeaways for Bangladesh An Examination of Bangladesh from a Broad Political Economy Perspective The 1971–1980 Period The 1980–1990 Period The 1990–2020 Period General Overview of Education and Health Indicators From Independence Until the 2010s Conclusions Distributional Equality Deepening of Democracy References Human Development in Bangladesh: A Dynamic Trajectory The Human Development Framework Human Development Trends of Bangladesh Human Development Achievements Unevenness in Human Development Achievements Continuing Human Deprivations Factors Accelerating the Human Development Success of Bangladesh Human Development Challenges of Bangladesh Lingering Challenges Deepening Challenges Emerging Challenges Addressing the Challenges: Policy Options and Institutional Reforms References Government—Business Relationships in Bangladesh Introduction Business Performance Business Hurdles Market Competition Improving the Government—Business Interface in Bangladesh Listening to the Private Sector Reducing Implementation Gaps Improving Coordination Within Government Introducing Greater Result-Orientation in Government Changing the Mindset of the Bureaucracy Conclusions References Gender and Development Introduction The National Context: Government and NGO Support for Gender and Development Situating Discussions of Women, Gender Relations, and Development A Very Brief History of Gender and the Development Projects in Bangladesh Work in the Garment Sector: An Explosion of Opportunities and Sites of Exploitation Conclusion References Livelihoods and Food Security of the Indigenous Peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: Factors of Change and Future Prospects Introduction Background Issues Addressed Food Shortages and Insecurity Types of Disasters in the CHT and their Causal Factors Strategies for Coping with Food Shortages Economic Activities, Livelihood Options and Food Security Trends in Land—Population Relationships Economic Activities and Livelihood Avenues Employment Generation Sources of Financial Credit Accessible to Vulnerable Groups in the CHT Social-Institutional Factors Affecting Livelihoods and Food Security Education and Literacy Healthcare and Medical Facilities Concluding Remarks References The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh The Pre-Accord CHT The Post-Accord CHT Concluding Remarks References Climate Change and Displacement: Locating the Most Vulnerable Groups Overview: Climate as an Amplifying Factor in Vulnerability The Global and Bangladeshi Situations: Facts and Figures The Nature of Climate Change-Related Vulnerability in Bangladesh Vulnerable Groups in the Origin Areas Vulnerability of the Displaced in the Cities Vulnerability to Irregular Migration Policies and Laws Conclusions and Policy Consideration The Path Forward References Retracing Accountability in the Bangladeshi Public Administration Introduction Retracing Accountability in the Bangladeshi Public Administration The Post-Independence Phase (1971–1975) Military-Bureaucratic Regimes and Authoritarian Rule (1975–1991) The Democratic Phase (1991–Present) Accountability and Governance: Challenges in Bangladesh The Immateriality of Accountability Cycle of Dependency Social Structure and Accountability Conclusion References The Changing Role of the Bangladesh Military: 1971 to 2020—The Evolving Bangladesh Defense Policy Introduction The Beginning: Liberation War 1971 The Bangladesh Military: 1972–1976 The Military under the Two Martial Law Regimes: 1976 to 1991 The Bangladesh Military under Civilian Governments: 1991 to 2020 Concluding Remarks References The Evolution of Education Policy in Bangladesh: Past and Present The Mughal Era The British Period The Pakistan Period Bangladesh in 50 Years Conclusion References Success and Its Consequences: Bangladesh’s Health Report Card at 50 Startling Progress A Flexible Health System with an Inflexible Problem: Human Resources Unorthodox Healthcare Innovation Potential Dire Consequences of Deregulation The Triumph of Public Health in Bangladesh The Future: Growth in Private Health and a Continuing Shortfall in Public Investment References The Emerging Diaspora of Bangladesh: Fifty Years of Overseas Movements and Settlements From Sojourners to Settlers: The Emergence of a British Bangladeshi Diaspora Middle-Class Migrations and the Bangladeshi American Diaspora Labor Migrations and Bangladeshi Communities in the GCC States Conclusions References Bangladeshi Mediascape: Political and Corporate Power Introduction Print Media Broadcasting Media The India Factor State Nature, Privatization and Deregulation Politico-Commercial Nexus Political Control Over Media Media Ownership Model and Control Politico-Commercial Nexus and ATCO The Nexus and National Broadcast Policy Conclusion References Film in Bangladesh: Cultural Transformation of a National Cinema within and beyond the Nation-state Introduction: A Tribute and a Question Film One (1970s–1990s): Bangladeshi Cinema as Vernacular Culture Film Two (1990s–2010s): Bangladeshi Cinema as Border-Crossing Culture A Possible Happy Ending: Bangladeshi Cinema Going Global? References Hip-Hop Music Activism: A New Phenomenon in Bangladeshi Popular Culture Introduction Conscious Rap around the Globe and Bangladesh: Reviewing the Literature The Context of Bangladeshi Hip-Hop Rebellion through Lyrics: A New Dimension to Bangladeshi Pop-Culture Concluding Analysis References Global Bangladesh References Index