Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials for Energy Storage

Description

Integrating nanotechnology and sustainable energy frontiers, Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials for Energy Storage explores the groundbreaking field of material design at the nanoscale for next‑generation energy storage solutions. This comprehensive text delves into the synthesis, characterization, and optimization of hybrid nanomaterials developed by combining the advantageous properties of diverse materials. This diverse range of materials includes metal oxides, carbon nanostructures, biopolymers, and functionalized surfaces. These materials have the potential to revolutionize energy storage technologies such as batteries and supercapacitors due to their synergistic properties and innovative applications. Features: Explores the latest advances in hybrid nanomaterial design for energy storage applications. Discusses the benefits of combining different materials at the nanoscale range, exhibiting their combined properties which significantly outperform those of individual components. Defines the various types of hybrid nanomaterials, including metal oxide/carbon nanocomposites, metal‑doped composites, and biopolymer‑based materials. Focuses on the real‑world implications of hybrid nanomaterials in battery electrodes, supercapacitor electrodes, and other energy storage devices. Summarizes the important role of these materials in transitioning to a clean and sustainable energy environment. This book serves as an important resource for both industry professionals and academic researchers and is ideal for scientists and engineers working in advanced materials for energy storage applications. Cover Half Title Emerging Materials and Technologies Series Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Copyright Contents Editors Contributors Preface 1. Latest Technologies in Solid‑State Electrolytes Related to Energy Storage Applications Based on 2D MXenes 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SYNTHESIS OF MXENES 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF MXENE MATERIALS 4. IMPRESSION OF ELECTROLYTES 4.1 ELECTROLYTES IN SOLID STATES 4.2 HYBRID ELECTROLYTES 4.3 AQUATIC GPES 4.4 IL‑CENTERED GPES 4.5 ORGANIC GPES 5. SCS USING MXENE AND MXENE‑DERIVED COMBINATIONS IN FLUID ELECTROLYTES 6. NEW MXENES AND MXENES COMBINED WITH A SOLID‑STATE ELECTROLYTES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SC 7 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 2. Two‑Dimensional MXenes for Supercapacitor Applications and Prospects 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SYNTHESIS OF 2D MXENE 3. KEY PROPERTIES OF 2D MXENES FOR SUPERCAPACITORS 3.1 EXCELLENT MECHANICAL FLEXIBILITY OF MXENES 3.2 HYDROPHILICITY AND DISPERSIBILITY OF MXENES 3.3 CONDUCTIVITY OF MXENES 3.4 CHARGE STORAGE MECHANISM 3.5 HIGH DENSITY AND GRAVIMETRIC CAPACITANCE OF MXENE 4. DESIGNING 2D MXENE ELECTRODE 5. CHARGE STORAGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE SURFACE GROUP OF MXENES 6. MXENES AS ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR SC 6.1 CONTROL OF SIZE OF MXENE FLAKES 6.2 CATEGORY OF COMPOSITION 6.3 HETEROATOMS DOPING AND THE CONTROL OF SURFACE TERMINUS GROUP 6.4 FABRICATING VERTICAL ALIGNMENTS 6.5 3D MICROPOROUS SPHERE/TUBE TI3C2TX 6.6 DESIGN OF 3D POROUS MXENE ELECTRODE 7. MXENE‑BASED COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR CAPACITOR ELECTRODE 7.1 MXENE/CONDUCTING POLYMERS 7.2 MXENE/METAL AND MXENE/METAL OXIDES 8. CAPACITIVE MECHANISM OF MXENES IN ELECTROLYTES 9. CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 3. Carbon‑Based Hybrid Materials as Advanced Electrodes for Structural Supercapacitors 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In Energy Production 1.2 In Electric Vehicles (EVs) 1.3 Key of Supercapacitors 2. STRUCTURAL SUPERCAPACITORS 2.1 Structural Supercapacitor Design 2.1.1 Integrated Structural Supercapacitors 2.1.2 Lamination Structural Supercapacitors 2.2 Carbon Fiber‑Reinforced Polymers 2.3 Carbon‑Based Electrodes 2.3.1 Carbon Fibers 2.4 Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs) 3. INTEGRATED STRUCTURAL SUPERCAPACITOR DEVELOPMENT 4. CONCLUSIONS 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 4. Carbon Derivatives‑Based Silicon as Anode Materials for Lithium‑Ion Batteries 1. INTRODUCTION 2. METHODS AND MATERIALS 2.1 GRAPHITE BASED SILICON 2.2 GRAPHENE BASED SILICON 2.3 GRAPHENE OXIDE BASED SILICON 2.4 CARBON NANOTUBE BASED SILICON 2.5 FULLERENE BASED SILICON 3. DISCUSSION 3.1 LIBS 3.2 SILICON PRODUCTION 3.3 ANODE MATERIALS 4. LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5. CONCLUSION REFERENCES 5. Carbon‑Based Composites for Energy Storage Applications 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CARBON‑BASED MATERIALS AS CATALYSTS AND ELECTRODES 3. INTEGRATION OF CARBON WITH OTHER MATERIALS 4. ROLE AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURES 5. APPLICATIONS 6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES 6. Nanomaterials for the Development of Electrodes 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 TYPES OF NANOMATERIALS 1.2 UNUSUAL PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS 1.3 SYNTHESIS METHODS OF NANOMATERIALS 1.3.1 Top‑Down Methods for Nanomaterial Synthesis 1.3.2 Bottom‑Up Methods for Nanomaterial Synthesis 1.4 APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS 2. NANOMATERIALS‑BASED ELECTRODES 3. COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY PARAMETERS INFLUENCING THE FABRICATION OF ELECTRODE MATERIALS 4. CARBON‑BASED NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ENERGY STORAGE 4.1 COMPOSITE OF BIOBASED ACTIVATED CARBON 4.2 CARBON DOT (CD) BASED NANOCOMPOSITE 4.3 FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE AND THEIR DERIVATIVES 4.3.1 Zero‑Dimensional (0D) Structures: Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) 4.3.2 One‑Dimensional (1D) Structures: Graphene Fibers (GFs) and Graphene Nanoribbons (GNRs) 4.3.3 Two‑Dimensional (2D) Materials: Graphene Oxide (GO), Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO), Graphene Paper, Graphene Sheets, Graphene Films 4.3.4 Three‑Dimensional (3D) Structures: Graphene Networks (Foams, Sponges, and Aerogels) 5. MO NANOMATERIALS AS ELECTRODES 5.1 TRANSITION METAL OXIDE (TMO) MATERIALS 5.2 BINARY TRANSITION MOS (BTMOS) 5.3 TERNARY TRANSITION MOS (TTMOS) 5.4 MO BASED COMPOSITE 5.5 SYNTHESIS METHODS 5.6 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 5.7 APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION 6. CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 7. Application of Carbon Nanomaterials in Supercapacitors 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CNTS IN SCS 3. SURFACE MODIFICATIONS AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO) 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.1.1 Modification of GO Via Covalent Interactions 3.1.2 Modification of GO Via Noncovalent Interactions 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL 3.2.1 Synthesis of GO with Covalent Modification 3.2.2 Material Characterization 3.2.3 Electrochemical Measurements 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.4 CONCLUSIONS 4. POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH QUANTUM DOTS AS POTENTIAL ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR SC APPLICATIONS 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 SYNTHESIS OF QUANTUM DOTS, POLYMERS, AND NANOCOMPOSITES 4.2.1 Electrochemical Process 4.2.2 Solvothermal/Hydrothermal Process 4.2.3 Microwave Synthesis 4.3 QUANTUM DOTS AND POLYMERS 4.4 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 8. Development of g‑C3N4‑Based Nanocomposite for Hydrogen Production and Battery Applications 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF G‑C3N4 3. PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES G‑C3N4 AND G‑C3N4‑BASED NANOCOMPOSITES 4. G‑C3N4 FOR BATTERY APPLICATION 5. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES REFERENCES 9. MXenes‑Based Energy Storage Applications: Low‑Dimensional Structural Design and Functional Expansion 1. INTRODUCTION 2. MICROSTRUCTURE AND NANOCHANNEL DESIGN 2.1 INTERLAYER SELF‑ASSEMBLY 2.2 3D MICROSTRUCTURE DESIGN 2.3 IN-PLANE MICROCHANNEL DESIGN 2.4 METAL-ION BATTERIES 2.4.1 Active Materials 2.4.2 Matrix Materials 2.4.3 Current Collectors 2.5 LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES 2.5.1 Sulfur Host 2.5.2 Functional Interlayers 2.5.3 Lithium Metal Hosts 2.6 SCS 2.6.1 Active Materials 2.6.2 Matrix Materials 2.6.3 Micro‑Supercapacitors (MSCs) 3. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK REFERENCES 10. Application of Nano Materials in Electrochemistry 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SYNTHESIS METHODS 3. PROPERTIES OF NANO MATERIALS 4. KEY APPLICATIONS OF NANO MATERIALS 4.1 ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS 4.2 ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION 4.3 ELECTROCATALYSIS 4.4 SCS 4.4.1 EDLCs and the Nano Materials 4.4.2 Pseudocapacitors and the Nano Materials 4.4.3 Hybrid Capacitor 4.5 BTS 5. CONCLUSION REFERENCES 11. Electric Double‑Layer Capacitor Using Carbon Materials 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 FEATURES OF ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITORS (EDLCS) 1.2 STRUCTURE OF EDLCS 1.3 APPLICATIONS OF EDLCS 2. PROPERTIES OF EDLCS 2.1 PROPERTIES REQUIRED OF ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR EDLCS 2.2 PORE STRUCTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITANCE 2.3 RESEARCH DIRECTIONS REQUIRED OF EDLCS 3. NANOCARBONS FOR EDLCS 4. CONCLUSION REFERENCES 12. Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials for Energy Storage 1. INTRODUCTION 2. PREPARATION OF HYBRID MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE 2.1 PHYSICAL METHODS 2.1.1 Mechanical Mixing and Stirring Method 2.1.2 Self‑Assembly Method 2.2 CHEMICAL METHODS 2.2.1 Hydrothermal Method 2.2.2 Solvothermal Method 2.2.3 In Situ Growth 2.2.4 Thermal Treatment Method 3. HYBRID NANOMATERIALS IN ENERGY STORAGE 3.1 ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE 3.1.1 SCs 3.1.2 Lithium‑Ion Batteries 3.2 THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 3.3 HYDROGEN STORAGE 4. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR HYBRID MATERIALS REFERENCES Index