Advanced Process Engineering Control

Description

As a mature topic in chemical engineering, the book provides methods, problems and tools used in process control engineering. It discusses: process knowledge, sensor system technology, actuators, communication technology, and logistics, design and construction of control systems and their operation. The knowledge goes beyond the traditional process engineering field by applying the same principles, to biomedical processes, energy production and management of environmental issues. The book explains all the determinations in the "chemical systems" or "process systems", starting from the beginning of the processes, going through the intricate interdependency of the process stages, analyzing the hardware components of a control system and ending with the design of an appropriate control system for a process parameter or a whole process. The book is first addressed to the students and graduates of the departments of Chemical or Process Engineering. Second, to the chemical or process engineers in all industries or research and development centers, because they will notice the resemblance in approach from the system and control point of view, between different fields which might seem far from each other, but share the same control philosophy. Essential knowledge for every chemical engineer or process engineer. Case studies at the end of the book visualize the explained theory. Preface Contents Part I: Advanced Process Control 1 Complex and nonconventional control systems 1.1 Cascade control systems 1.1.1 Processes in series 1.1.2 Processes in parallel 1.2 Feedforward control systems 1.3 Ratio control systems 1.4 Inferential control systems 1.5 Selective control systems References 2 Model predictive control 2.1 Introduction 2.2 MPC history 2.3 Basics of MPC control strategy 2.4 Types of MPC process models 2.4.1 Impulse and step response models 2.4.2 State-space models 2.4.3 Time series models 2.5 Predictions for MPC 2.6 Optimization for MPC 2.7 MPC tuning 2.8 MPC stability 2.9 Nonlinear MPC References 3 Fuzzy control 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Fuzzy sets 3.3 Typical membership functions of the fuzzy sets 3.4 Operations with fuzzy sets 3.5 Fuzzy logic References 4 Optimal control systems 4.1 Steady-state optimal control 4.2 Dynamic optimal control of batch processes 4.3 Dynamic optimal control of continuous processes References 5 Multivariable control 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Multiloop control 5.2.1 Interaction among control loops 5.2.2 Pairing the control loops 5.2.3 Tuning the multiloop controllers 5.2.4 Decoupling interaction for multiloop control 5.3 Multivariable centralized control References 6 Plantwide control 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Premises of plantwide control 6.3 Designing the plantwide control strategy References 7 Linear discrete systems and Z transform 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Discrete systems described by input-output relationship 7.2.1 Sampling the continuous signals 7.2.2 Reconstruction of the continuous signals from their discrete values 7.2.3 Analytical description of the discrete systems 7.2.4 Z transform 7.2.5 Z transform of several simple functions 7.2.6 Inverse of the Z transform 7.2.7 Z transfer function 7.2.8 Z transfer function of the sampled system 7.2.9 Z transfer function of the interconnected systems 7.3 Discrete PID controller 7.4 Other forms of the discrete controllers References Part II: Applied Process Engineering Control 8 Reaction unit control 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Basic concepts of ideal continuous and batch units 8.3 Temperature control 8.3.1 Into thermal instability 8.3.2 Out of thermal instability 8.3.3 Temperature control in practice – continuous units 8.3.4 Temperature control in practice – batch units 8.4 Pressure control 8.5 Liquid level control 8.6 pH control 8.6.1 pH and titration curves 8.6.2 pH regulator characteristics 8.6.3 Aspects of pH control in practice 8.7 End-point detection and product-quality control 8.7.1 Some analyzer types 8.7.2 End-point detection reliability issues 8.8 Control structure design for reaction units 8.8.1 Principles of control structure design 8.8.2 Control structure design for homogeneous ideal units 8.8.3 Control structure design for some heterogeneous units References 9 Control of distillation processes 9.1 Economic constraints of distillation 9.2 The recovery factor 9.3 Lowering energy demand of distillation units 9.4 General control of continuous distillation columns 9.4.1 Mass and energy balance imposed control issues 9.4.2 Control solutions 9.5 Control issues of continuous distillation column dynamics 9.6 Control issues of batch distillation columns References 10 Control of absorption processes References 11 Control of extraction processes References 12 Control of evaporation processes References 13 Control of drying processes 13.1 Batch drying control 13.1.1 Conventional batch drying control 13.1.2 Advanced batch drying control 13.2 Continuous adiabatic drying References 14 Control of crystallization processes 14.1 The process of crystallization 14.2 Crystal size distribution control 14.2.1 Model-free crystal size distribution control 14.2.2 Model-based crystal size distribution control References 15 Problems and exercises 15.1 Advanced process control 15.2 Applied process engineering control Index