Sensation and Perception

Description

This book tells the amazing story of perception -- how experiences are created by your senses and how you use these experiences to interact with the environment. You might be surprised to know that although perception is easy -- we see, hear, feel touch, and experience taste and smell without much effort -- the mechanisms that create perceptions are both extremely complex and hidden from our view. SENSATION AND PERCEPTION unravels these complexities by taking you on a journey that describes perceptual research in a clear easy-to-understand way, and by linking the results of this research to your everyday experience. The text is supported by beautiful color illustrations, a media program that makes perception come alive (in the MindTap digital learning solution), and learning aids to help you understand and remember what you have read. Cover Title Statement Copyright Dedication About the Authors Brief Contents Contents Demonstrations Methods Preface Ch 1: Introduction to Perception Ch 1: Chapter Contents Ch 1: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 1: Introduction Why Read This Book? The Perceptual Process Studying the Perceptual Process Measuring Perception Ch 1: Think About It Ch 1: Key Terms Ch 2: The Beginning of the Perceptual Process Ch 2: Chapter Contents Ch 2: Some Questions We Will Consider: Ch 2: Introduction Starting at the Beginning Light, the Eye, and the Visual Receptors Focusing Light Onto the Receptors Receptors and Perception Electrical Signals in Neurons Neural Convergence and Perception Ch 2: Think About It Ch 2: Key Terms Ch 3: Neural Processing Ch 3: Chapter Contents Ch 3: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 3: Introduction Inhibitory Processes in the Retina Processing From Retina to Visual Cortex and Beyond Do Feature Detectors Play a Role in Perception? Higher-Level Neurons Sensory Coding Ch 3: Think About It Ch 3: Key Terms Ch 4: Cortical Organization Ch 4: Chapter Contents Ch 4: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 4: Introduction Spatial Organization in the Visual Cortex Pathways for What, Where, and How Modularity Distributed Representation Where Perception Meets Memory Ch 4: Think About It Ch 4: Key Terms Ch 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes Ch 5: Chapter Contents Ch 5: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 5: Introduction Why Is It So Difficult to Design a Perceiving Machine? Perceptual Organization Perceiving Scenes and Objects in Scenes Connecting Neural Activity and Object/Scene Perception Ch 5: Think About It Ch 5: Key Terms Ch 6: Visual Attention Ch 6: Chapter Contents Ch 6: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 6: Introduction Scanning a Scene What Directs Our Attention? What Are the Benefits of Attention? Attention and Experiencing a Coherent World What Happens When We Don’t Attend? Distraction Ch 6: Think About It Ch 6: Key Terms Ch 7: Taking Action Ch 7: Chapter Contents Ch 7: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 7: Introduction The Ecological Approach to Perception Staying on Course: Walking and Driving Wayfinding Acting on Objects Observing Other People’s Actions Ch 7: Think About It Ch 7: Key Terms Ch 8: Perceiving Motion Ch 8: Chapter Contents Ch 8: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 8: Introduction Functions of Motion Perception Studying Motion Perception Motion Perception: Information in the Environment Motion Perception: Retina/Eye Information Motion Perception and the Brain Motion and the Human Body Ch 8: Think About It Ch 8: Key Terms Ch 9: Perceiving Color Ch 9: Chapter Contents Ch 9: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 9: Introduction Functions of Color Perception Color and Light Perceptual Dimensions of Color The Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision Opponent-Process Theory of Color Vision Color in the Cortex Color Deficiency Color in a Dynamic World Ch 9: Think About It Ch 9: Key Terms Ch 10: Perceiving Depth and Size Ch 10: Chapter Contents Ch 10: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 10: Introduction Perceiving Depth Oculomotor Cues Monocular Cues Binocular Depth Information The Physiology of Binocular Depth Perception Perceiving Size Illusions of Depth and Size Ch 10: Think About It Ch 10: Key Terms Ch 11: Hearing Ch 11: Chapter Contents Ch 11: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 11: Introduction The Perceptual Process for Hearing Physical Aspects of Sound Perceptual Aspects of Sound From Pressure Changes to Electricity How Frequency Is Represented in the Auditory Nerve The Physiology of Pitch Perception Hearing Loss Ch 11: Think About It Ch 11: Key Terms Ch 12: Hearing II: Location and Organization Ch 12: Chapter Contents Ch 12: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 12: Introduction Auditory Localization The Physiology of Auditory Localization Hearing Inside Rooms The Auditory Scene: Separating Sound Sources Musical Organization: Melody Musical Organization: Rhythm Ch 12: Think About It Ch 12: Key Terms Ch 13: Speech Perception Ch 13: Chapter Contents Ch 13: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 13: Introduction The Speech Stimulus The Variability of the Acoustic Signal Perceiving Phonemes Perceiving Words and Sentences Speech Perception and the Brain Ch 13: Think About It Ch 13: Key Terms Ch 14: The Cutaneous Senses Ch 14: Chapter Contents Ch 14: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 14: Introduction Overview of the Cutaneous System Perceiving Details Perceiving Vibration and Texture Perceiving Objects The Gate Control Model of Pain Top-Down Processes The Brain and Pain Observing Pain in Others Ch 14: Think About It Ch 14: Key Terms Ch 15: The Chemical Senses Ch 15: Chapter Contents Ch 15: Some Questions We Will Consider Ch 15: Introduction Taste Taste Quality The Neural Code for Taste Quality Individual Differences in Taste The Functions of Olfaction Olfactory Abilities Analyzing Odorants: The Mucosa and Olfactory Bulb Representing Odors in the Cortex The Perception of Flavor Ch 15: Think About It Ch 15: Key Terms Appendix A: Methods of Adjustment and Constant Stimuli Appendix B: The Difference Threshold Appendix C: Magnitude Estimation and the Power Function Appendix D: The Signal Detection Approach Glossary References Name Index Subject Index