Mediterranean Diasporas: Politics and Ideas in the Long 19th Century

Description

Mediterranean Diasporas looks at the relationship between displacement and the circulation of ideas within and from the Mediterranean basin in the long 19th century. In bringing together leading historians working on Southern Europe, the Balkans, and the Ottoman Empire for the first time, it builds bridges across national historiographies, raises a number of comparative questions and unveils unexplored intellectual connections and ideological formulations. The book shows that in the so-called age of nationalism the idea of the nation state was by no means dominant, as displaced intellectuals and migrant communities developed notions of double national affiliations, imperial patriotism and liberal imperialism. By adopting the Mediterranean as a framework of analysis, the collection offers a fresh contribution to the growing field of transnational and global intellectual history, revising the genealogy of 19th-century nationalism and liberalism, and reveals new perspectives on the intellectual dynamics of the age of revolutions. Cover page Halftitle page Title page Copyright page Dedication CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Map of the Mediterranean INTRODUCTION The Sea, its People and their Ideas in the Long Nineteenth Century The Mediterranean as a category of historical analysis From the Diaspora to the diasporas Revolutionary Mediterraneans The Mediterranean as an imaginary political and civilizational space An intellectual history in the Mediterranean and beyond? Notes Letters from Spain:The 1820 Revolution and the Liberal International Introduction The epistolary genre and its politics Euroamerican networks and the different faces of liberalism Conclusion Notes An Itinerant Liberal: Almeida Garrett’s Exilic Itineraries and Political Ideas in the Age of Southern European Revolutions (1820–34) Notes Learning Lessons from the Iberian Peninsula: Italian Exiles and the Making of a Risorgimento Without People, 1820–48 The Italian exiles of 1821 in the Iberian peninsula Italian liberal exiles of 1831 in the Iberian peninsula: searching for a new definition of the nation Conclusions Notes Mediterranean Liberals? Italian Revolutionaries and the Making of a Colonial Sea, ca. 1800–30 The British Empire and Mediterranean liberty: from Vittorio Barzoni’s liberal imperialism to Ugo Foscolo’s disappointment Opposing colonial rule in the name of universal rights for freedom Gianbattista Marochetti and European expansion eastward Conclusions Notes Ottomans on the Move: Hassuna D’Ghies and the ‘New Ottomanism’ of the 1830s Mobilities and modernizations in the Ottoman Empire The New Ottomanism of the 1830s Hassuna D’Ghies’ liberal trajectory: Marseilles, Paris and London A constitutional trajectory: securities against misrule An anti-imperial trajectory: Tripoli and Algiers An Ottoman trajectory: from liberal empireto imperial liberalism Notes Imperial Nationalism and Orthodox Enlightenment: A Diasporic Story Between the Ionian Islands, Russia and Greece, ca. 1800–30 I. The setting II. The cast III. The plot Conclusions Notes Away or Homeward Bound? The Slippery Case of Mediterranean Place in the Era Before Nation-states Niccolò Tommaseo: many homes, rarely away Pacifico Valussi: few homes, unexpectedly away Matija Ban: away as home Conclusion: slipping through Mediterranean imperial, post-state and national geographies Notes The Strange Lives of Ottoman Liberalism: Exile, Patriotism and Constitutionalism in the Thought of Mustafa Fazıl Paşa From Southern Italy to Istanbul: Trajectories of Albanian Nationalism in the Writings of Girolamo de Rada and Shemseddin Sami Frashëri, ca. 1848–1903 Girolamo de Rada and the defence of a federal and multicultural Albanian nationalism in Italyand the Ottoman Empire (1814–1903) Shemseddin Sami Frashëri: the making and unmaking of an Ottoman, Turkish and Albanian intellectual Conclusions Notes Notes From Southern Italy to Istanbul: Trajectories of Albanian Nationalism in the Writings of Girolamo de Rada and Shemseddin Sami Frashëri, ca. 1848–1903 Girolamo de Rada and the defence of a federal and multicultural Albanian nationalism in Italy and the Ottoman Empire (1814–1903) Shemseddin Sami Frashëri: the making and unmaking of an Ottoman, Turkish and Albanian intellectual Conclusions Notes Ottomanism with a Greek Face: Karamanlı Greek Orthodox Diaspora at the End of the Ottoman Empire Fictions and narratives on the Cappadocean diaspora The multiple origins of migration: from the Aegean and Cappadocia to Smyrna The history professor: from Cappadocia to Smyrna, Athens and Istanbul The lawyer: a Greek ‘Young Turk’ between Cappadocia, Smyrna and Istanbul Concluding remarks: the collapse of the empire and its diasporic networks Notes Afterword: Writing Mediterranean Diasporas After the Transnational Turn Notes INDEX