Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age

Description

The elder Faustina (c.97–140 AD) was the wife of Antonius Pius and the aunt of Marcus Aurelius, and her more prominent daughter, Faustina II (130–175), the wife of Marcus Aurelius and the mother of Commodus. Bearing the same name, and both the wives of rulers, these women shed valuable light on the role of imperial women in in what is often considered the golden age of the Roman Empire. This book highlights the importance of these women to the internal politics of the Empire during this period and shows how they are links in a chain of elite Roman women for whom varying levels of recognition and even power were available. The Faustinae, as they are jointly called, come between the discreet Matidiae, the discreetly manipulative Plotina (Trajan's women), the philosophical Sabina (Hadrian's wife) and in the Severan dynasty Julia Domna, who has had a very high profile. In assessing their place in this chain, the book examines especially Faustina II's deep involvement in palace politics, her enhancement of her mother's position, and her possible role in the revolt of Avidius Cassius (175). This book also brings together and displays the material evidence for their lives and legacies. There is an abundance of inscriptions and coins that provide firm evidence for their public status in Rome, Italy, and various parts of the Empire. Portraiture is also examined, in particular to see how much Faustina I and II were identified by artists, and how close a precedent Faustina II was for Domna, as their titulature suggests she was. Acknowledgments ix Maps xi Introduction 3 ONE: Sources 13 TWO: The Empresses and Women’s Power 19 THREE: The Succession to Hadrian 41 FOUR: The Faustinas as Empresses, 138–175 57 FIVE: Public and Private in the Dynasty 91 SIX: The Deified Faustinas: Association, Assimilation, and Consecration 119 SEVEN: Faustina’s Children and the End of the Antonines 139 Who’s Who 155 Family Trees 161 Abbreviations 165 Chronology 169 Notes 173 Glossary 213 Bibliography 215 Persons Index 233 Subject Index 241