The Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society: Volume I

Description

This book gathers outstanding papers presented at the 17th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, organized by China Electrotechnical Society (CES), held in Beijing, China, from September 17 to 18, 2022. It covers topics such as electrical technology, power systems, electromagnetic emission technology, and electrical equipment. It introduces the innovative solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines. The book is very much helpful and useful for the researchers, engineers, practitioners, research students, and interested readers. Contents Modeling and Simulation of Primary Frequency Modulation and Influence Analysis of Overload Valve 1 Introduction 2 Primary FM Control Principle 3 Modeling and Simulation Calculation 4 Simulation Analysis 4.1 Overload Valve Participation 4.2 Overload Valve Does not Participate 5 Conclusion References Research on Carrier Phase-Shifted Control Strategy of EMU and Its Influence on Jp Value 1 Introduction 2 Object and Methodology 2.1 Composition of Main Circuit 2.2 Carrier Phase-Shift Principle and Evaluation 3 Implementation 3.1 Setting of Carrier Phase-Shifted Angle Target 3.2 Real Time Control of Carrier Phase-Shift 4 Simulation and Test Verification 4.1 Simulation Analysis 4.2 Test Verification 5 Conclusion References Breakdown Characteristics Research of Long-Gap Based on Series Resonance Principle 1 Preface 2 Experiment Method 2.1 Test Model Construction 2.2 Test Procedure 3 Results and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Medium Frequency Induction Heating Power Supply Based on Steel Tube Heating Technology 1 Introduction 2 The Basic Structure of Induction Heating Power System 3 Research on Power Control Strategy of Induction Heating Power Supply 3.1 Analysis of Power Regulation Mode of Power Supply 3.2 Buck Chopper Mode of Power Adjustment 3.3 Based on Buck Circuit State Space Modeling 4 Simulation Analysis of Induction Heating Power System 4.1 Simulation Modeling of Induction Heating Power System 4.2 Analysis of simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Comprehensive Benefits Evaluation of AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Network 1 Introduction 2 Study on Evaluation System 3 Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation Algorithm Based on AHP and Multilevel Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method 3.1 Analytic Hierarchy Process 3.2 Multilevel Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method 4 Application of Effectiveness Evaluation System 5 Conclusion References Calculation and Analysis of the Third Harmonic Coefficient of the Comprehensive Magnetic Field with a Hydro Generators 1 First Section 2 Computational Basis 3 Calculate the Example 3.1 Main Electromagnetic and Mechanical Parameters of the Generator 3.2 Calculation Results of the Third Harmonic Coefficient of the Integrated Magnetic Field 3.3 Measured Value of Three Harmonics 3.4 Example Review 4 Conclusion References High Anti-ablation Performance of Graphene/CuW Composite for Ultrahigh Voltage Electrical Contacts 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Fabrication Process 2.3 Material Characterization and Test 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Characterization of Graphene/CuW Powder 3.2 The Characterization of Graphene/CuW Composite 3.3 The Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Graphene/CuW Composite 3.4 The Breakdown Performance of Graphene/CuW Composite 3.5 The Anti-ablation Performance of Graphene/CuW Composite 4 Conclusion References Research on Nonlinear Magnetization Detection Technology for Magnetic Immunoassay 1 Introduction 2 Theory 2.1 Relaxation Effect of Magnetic Nanoparticles 2.2 AC Susceptibility of Magnetic Nanoparticles 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Materials 3.2 Methods 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References The Application of Reinforcement Learning in the Generation Process of Power Grid Failure Plan 1 Introduction 2 Overall Framework 3 Analysis of the Equipment Fault Tripping Impact 4 Construction of Multi-dimensional Factor Evaluation System 4.1 Heavy Overload Assessment 4.2 Load Loss Assessment 4.3 Operational Timeliness Assessment 4.4 N-1 Risk Assessment 4.5 Maintenance Plan Conflict Assessment 5 Reward Function Establishment in Reinforcement Learning Process 6 Automatic Pruning 7 Case Analysis 8 Conclusion References Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Based on an Improved SSA-BP Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm 2.1 Sparrow Search Algorithm 2.2 Elite Reverse Learning Strategy 2.3 Elite Reverse Learning to Optimize Sparrow Search Algorithm 3 Improved Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Model for the SSA-BP Neural Network 4 Simulation Results and Analysis 4.1 Performance Evaluation Index 4.2 Parameter Selection 4.3 Prediction Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References High Voltage Discharge and Insulation Design for Aerospace Applications 1 Introduction 2 Basic Composition of PPU and Statistical Analysis of On-Orbit Faults 3 Analysis of Typical High Voltage Discharge Faults of PPU in Orbit 4 Study on Space High Voltage Insulation Protection Design and High Voltage Discharge Mechanism 5 Conclusions References Research on Charging Load of Electric Vehicle Cluster Based on Mesh Planning 1 Introduction 2 Thiessen Polygon 2.1 Definition of Thiessen Polygon 2.2 The Generation Process of Thiessen Polygons 2.3 Features of Thiessen Polygons 3 EV Cluster Charging Modeling Method 4 Example Analysis Result 4.1 Basic Information of Substations and EV Charging Stations in a City 4.2 Charging Load of EV Cluster 5 Conclusion References Reactive Power and Voltage Optimization Strategy Considering the Maximum Consumption Capacity of New Energy in Regional Grid 1 Introduction 2 Control Strategy and System Structure 2.1 Control Strategy Design 2.2 System Structure 3 Applications 3.1 Optimization Example of New Energy Output Upslope Stage 3.2 Optimization Example of New Energy Output Downhill Stage 3.3 Optimization Example of Voltage Quality and New Energy Reactive Power Margin 4 Conclusions References Anchor-Free RetinaNet: Anchor-Free Based Insulator Status Detection Method 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Structure of Insulator Status Detection Network 2.2 Sample Generation of Spatial Dimension 2.3 Multi-scale Positive Samples Assignment 2.4 Unified Focal Loss 3 Experiments 3.1 Dataset and Evaluation Metric 3.2 Implement Details 3.3 Experiment Result 3.4 Ablation Study 3.5 Visual Result 4 Conclusion References Color Space Decouple Based Fine Corrosion Defect Detection with Multi-task Joint Training 1 Introduction 2 Corrosion Detection Architecture 3 Corrosion Detection Method 3.1 HSI Color Space Conversion 3.2 Multi-scale Features Region Proposal Network 3.3 Detection and Segmentation Head Networks 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset and Evaluation Metric 4.2 Experimental Results Comparison 5 Conclusion References Design and Transient Analysis of a 10-Mvar Superconducting Dynamic Synchronous Condenser 1 Introduction 2 Electromagnetic Design 2.1 HTS Rotor 2.2 Screening and Damping Shield 2.3 Performance Analysis 3 The Transient Analysis 4 Conclusion References A Novel Topology of LC Series Resonant Converter Which Can Significantly Improve the Power Factor 1 Introduction 2 Operation Principle of LC Resonant Converter 3 Novel Topology Analysis 4 Simulation 5 Conclusion References Research of a Novel Excitation Control Strategy for Improving Power System Transient Stability 1 Introduction 2 Five Stages of Transient Process and Its Excitation Control Principle 3 Transient Stable Excitation Control Strategy and Model 3.1 Overall Model of Excitation System with Transient Stable Excitation Control 3.2 Criterion and Logic Model of Transient Stable Excitation Control 4 Simulation Application and Analysis of Transient Stable Excitation Control 4.1 Application and Analysis of Transient Stable Excitation Control in Single-Machine Infinite System 4.2 Application and Analysis of Transient Stable Excitation Control in UHV AC-DC Weak Transmission System in Ximeng Region 5 Conclusion References Simulation of Cavities Influence on Insulation Properties of Polymer Dielectrics Under High Voltage Pulse 1 Introduction 2 Discharge Simulation Model 3 Cavity Size Effect 3.1 Effect of Cavity Size on Electric Breakdown 3.2 Effect of Cavity Size on Thermal Breakdown 4 Cavity Shape Effect 5 Conclusion References Power Battery Low-Temperature Rapid Heating System and Control Method for Electric Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 The Principle of Battery Rapid Heating 2.1 B2 Module Discharge 2.2 B1 Module Charging 2.3 B1 Module Discharge 2.4 B2 Module Charging 3 Battery Rapid Heating Control Implementation 4 Power Battery Rapid Heating Test 5 Conclusion References Diagnosis and Analysis of Abnormal Oil Chromatography of High Voltage Reactor 1 Introduction 2 Onsite Detection 2.1 Analysis of Dissolved Gas in Oil 2.2 Ultrasonic Partial Discharge Detection 2.3 High Frequency Partial Discharge Detection 2.4 UHF Partial Discharge Detection 2.5 Current Detection of Iron Core 2.6 Infrared Thermal Image Detection 2.7 Vibration Detection 2.8 Diagnostic Test 3 Disintegration Inspection 4 Fault Analysis 5 Conclusions References Research on Association Rules of Train Communication Network Fault Alarm Based on Data Mining 1 Introduction 2 Data Mining 3 Fault Alarm of Train Communication Network 3.1 Transmission of Fault Alarm 3.2 Analysis of Fault Alarm Data 4 Association Rules of TCN Fault Alarm 4.1 Association Rule Mining Algorithm 4.2 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Research on Active Power Coordinated Control Strategy of Multiple Converter Stations in Flexible DC Grid 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Zhangbei Project 3 Active Power Coordination Control Strategy 3.1 Mechanism of Active Power Surplus at Sending Station 3.2 Fault of Single Converter at Power Sending Station 3.3 Fault of Single Converter at Power Receiving Station 3.4 Fault of Single Converter at Voltage Regulating Station 4 Simulation Verification 4.1 Construction of Zhangbei Flexible Direct Power Grid Simulation System 4.2 Pole 1 Fault Exit Simulation Verification of Zhangbei Station 4.3 Pole 1 Fault Exit Simulation Verification of Beijing Station 4.4 Pole 1 Fault Exit Simulation Verification of Fengning Station 4.5 Bipole Fault Exit Simulation Verification of Zhangbei Station 4.6 Bipole Fault Exit Simulation Verification of Beijing Station 4.7 Bipole Fault Exit Simulation Verification of Fengning Station 5 Conclusion References Optimization Design of Oil-Immersed PMSM Based on Experimental Model 1 Introduction 2 Rotor Loss and Vibration Analysis of Oil-Immersed PMSM Based on Experimental Method 2.1 Subsection Sample Rotor Loss Analysis 2.2 Theoretical Derivation and Analysis of Electromagnetic Vibration. 3 Optimization Design by Electromagnetic Finite Analysis (FEA) 3.1 Basic Theory of Transient Electromagnetic Field 3.2 Optimization Design of PMSM 3.3 Analysis of Electromagnetic Field and Rotor Dynamics 4 Principle Prototype Test 5 Conclusions References Sequence Impedance Modeling for Low-Frequency Side of M3C 1 Introduction 2 Circuit and Control of M3C 2.1 Averaged Circuit Model of M3C 2.2 Control of M3C 3 Sequence Impedance Model of Low-Frequency Side of M3C 3.1 Model of Low-Frequency Side 3.2 Small-Signal Modeling 4 Impedance Model Verifications 5 Conclusion References Study on the Problems of the Casing Bursting Energy Calculation for HVDC Capacitors 1 Forewords 2 Research on Energy Calculation 2.1 Analysis of Whether the Energy of Fault Capacitor Should Be Included in the Calculation of Casing Bursting Energy 2.2 Analysis of Energy Injection in (M−1) Branches 3 Calculation of Casing Bursting Energy of AC Capacitor 3.1 Calculation of Casing Bursting Energy for Common Shunt Capacitor 3.2 Calculation and Analysis of Casing Bursting Energy of AC-C1 Capacitor 4 Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Adaptive CEEMD and Cyclic Spectrum Coherence 4.1 Rated Voltage Selects According to the Sum of the Voltage of Basic Frequency and Harmonics 4.2 When the Rated Voltage is Selected According to the Capacity 4.3 When the Rated Voltage is Selected According to SIL 5 Calculation and Analysis of Parallel Connection Energy of DC-C1 Capacitor 6 Conclusions References Power System Transient Stability Prediction Based on GWO-SVM and Boosting Method 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Support Vector Machine with Grey Wolf Optimization 2.2 Boosting Method 3 Data Processing 3.1 Sample Set Construction 3.2 Evaluation Indicator of Data-Driven Model 4 Experiment 4.1 Testing System 4.2 Model Training 4.3 Comparison with Other Methods 4.4 Trusted Domain of Predictions 5 Conclusion References Rotor Fault Identification and Diagnosis of PM Motor 1 Introduction 2 Rotor Fault Analysis 2.1 Rotor Eccentricity Fault 2.2 Permanent Magnet Demagnetization Fault 3 Finite Element Analysis 4 Conclusions References An Integrated Solar Power Generation Unit Using a Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 2.1 The Porous Absorber Model 2.2 Tubular SOFC Model 3 Model Validation 3.1 The Porous Absorber Model Validation 3.2 The Tubular SOFC Model Validation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Electric Field Tomography Based on SART Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Principle of Electric Field Tomography 2.1 System of Electric Field Tomography 2.2 Differential Model of Solving Region 2.3 Relationship Between Phase Shift and Resistivity 2.4 Image Reconstruction 3 Construction of Mathematical Model of SART Algorithm 3.1 Simulation Model Establishment 3.2 Steps of SART Algorithm 3.3 Image of SART Algorithm 3.4 Reconstructed Image Evaluation 4 Conclusion References Research on Optimization Strategy of Heterogeneous Loads Participating in Demand Side Response 1 Introduction 2 Scheduling Model Considering Demand Response 2.1 Scheduling Model Considering Non-continuous Loads 2.2 Scheduling Model Considering Continuous Loads 2.3 Scheduling Model Considering Load Uncertainty 3 Analysis of Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Research on Key Technical Parameters of Transmission Line Arresters with Gaps 1 Introduction 2 Rated Voltage 3 Reference Voltage and Creepage Distance 4 Discharge Voltage 5 Insulation Withstand of EGLA with Failed SVU 6 Repeated Charge Transfer 7 Conclusion References Design of Multi-axis Motion Control System Based on EtherCAT 1 The Introduction 2 EtherCAT Technology 2.1 EtherCAT Technology Features 2.2 How EtherCAT Works 3 Design of Four-Axis Motion Control System Based on EtherCAT 3.1 Servo Mechanism and Hardware Composition 3.2 Electrical Design 4 Design of Four-Axis Motion Control Software Based on EtherCAT 4.1 Software Design 4.2 Axis NC Configuration 4.3 Design of Motion Control Program 5 Experiment and Analysis 6 The Conclusion References A Thyristor-Based Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker 1 Introduction 2 Topology and Working Process 2.1 Topology 2.2 Working Process 3 Theoretical Analysis and Simulation Verification 3.1 Theoretical Analysis 3.2 Simulation Verification 3.3 Performance Comparison 4 Conclusion References An IGBT Electrothermal Model and Simulation Research 1 Introduction 2 Electrical Model 2.1 IGBT Model 2.2 Diode Model 3 Thermal Model 4 Electrothermal Coupling Model 5 Experimental Verification 6 Conclusion References Fast Method of Finite Element Model of High Voltage Arrester Electric Field Based on LiDAR Point Cloud Data 1 Introduction 2 Acquisition and Processing of Point Cloud Data 2.1 Point Cloud Data Collection 2.2 Preprocessing of Point Cloud Data 3 Point Cloud Data Are Used for Modeling 3.1 Problem Analysis 3.2 Model Reconstruction 4 Result Analysis 4.1 Pre-processing Results of Point Cloud 4.2 Point Cloud Modeling Results 4.3 Comparison of Finite Element Simulation 5 Conclusion References A Fractional-Order Capacitor Based Method to Suppress Harmonic Current Under Asymmetric Parameters 1 Introduction 2 The Principle of Fractional-Order Capacitor 2.1 Parameter Asymmetry Results in Additional Harmonics 2.2 The Control Strategy of Fractional-Order Capacitor 3 The Performance of Fractional-Order Capacitor 3.1 The Simulation Results of FOC 3.2 The Experiment Results of FOC 4 Conclusion References A New Electromagnetic Structure of Relay with Composite Armature Containing Permanent Magnet 1 First Section 2 Electromagnetic Structure with Composite Armature Containing Permanent Magnet 3 Simulation Analysis 4 Prototype Test 5 Conclusion References Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Power Quality CRITIC-MARCOS for Regional Distribution Network 1 Introduction 2 Power Quality Assessment Pre-processing 2.1 Power Quality Index Level Classification 2.2 Data Normalization 3 Calculation of Index Weights 3.1 Data Clustering with Improved k-Means Clustering 3.2 CRITIC Weight Calculation 4 MARCOS Comprehensive Assessment Method 4.1 MARCOS Assessment Process 4.2 MARCOS Assessment Steps 5 Analysis of Cases 5.1 Data Processing 5.2 Comprehensive Evaluation 6 Conclusion References Study on the Relationship Between the Charge Characteristics and Particle Characteristics of Micron-Sized Alumina Particles in a Plasma 1 Introduction 2 Particle Simulation Model 2.1 Initial Position and Velocity Distribution 2.2 Boundary Condition 2.3 Time Step 3 Particle Size 3.1 Variation of Particle Charge with Particle Radius 3.2 Variation of Particle Steady State Current with Particle Radius 4 Particle Spacing 4.1 Variation of Particle Charge with Particle Spacing 4.2 The Variation of Particle Steady State Current with Particle Spacing 5 Conclusion Appendix Simulation System Parameters References Design and Exploration of Provincial Power Grid Communication Mode Based on 5G Slicing Technology 1 Introduction 2 Matching Analysis of the Requirements of New Power System Communication and 5G Slicing Technology 3 Classification of Application Modes of 5G Slicing Technology 4 Design and Analysis of 5G Short Slice Mode for New Power Systems 5 Discussion on Problems and Solutions in the Practice of 5G Slicing Technology Enabling New Power System Construction 5.1 Analysis of the Problems of 5G Slicing Technology in Power Grid Application Practice 5.2 Discussion on Solutions 6 Conclusion References Analysis of Detection Performance of Hainan VLF/LF Full Waveform Lightning Location Network 1 Introduction 2 Experiment Introduction 3 Data Analysis 3.1 Lightning Signal Preprocessing 3.2 Lightning Type Identification 3.3 Lightning Localization Algorithm 3.4 Simulation Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Compare with ADTD Data 4.2 Comparison Between the Lightning Process and Weather Radar Data from 17:13 to 17:19 on July 4, 2021 5 Conclusions References Combined Reinforcement Learning and Mixed Integer Programming for Hydrogen Based Microgrid Operation 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 2 One-step Operation Strategy Model of Hydrogen Based MG 3 Combined DDPG and MIP Model 4 Deployed Simulation Results 5 Conclusions References Carbon Footprint Quantification Algorithm in the Life Cycle of Power Equipment 1 Introduction 2 Calculation Method of Carbon Footprint of Power Transformer 2.1 Determination of Carbon Footprint Boundary of Power Transformer 2.2 Calculation of Carbon Footprint of Power Transformer 3 Power Transformer Carbon Footprint Calculation Method Software Platform 4 Conclusions References Fault Characteristics Analysis of SFCLs with Different Configuration Parameters in DC Transmission System 1 Introduction 2 Modeling of the Flexible DC System 2.1 Topology 2.2 Simulation Model 3 Theoretical Analysis and Simulation Results 3.1 Theoretical Analysis 3.2 Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Stator Core Design of 10 Mvar Superconducting Synchronous Condenser 1 Introduction 2 Electromagnetic and Ventilation Cooling Design 3 Structure Design of Stator Core 4 Strength Analysis of Non-magnetic Teeth 4.1 Finite Element Model 4.2 Material Parameters 4.3 Boundaries and Loads 4.4 Calculation Results 5 Conclusion References Research on Image Determination Method of Hydrophobicity Distribution of Composite Insulator Based on Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Hydrophobicity Distribution Determination Method 2.1 Hydrophobicity Grading Model Based on Convolutional Neural Network 2.2 Design of Distributed Computing Methods 3 Test and Analysis 3.1 Verification and Analysis of Hydrophobicity Grading Model 3.2 Validation and Analysis of Distribution Calculation Method 4 Conclusions References Study on the Effect of Nano-film on Electrode Surface on the Discharge Characteristics of SF6 1 Introduction 2 Experiment Preparation 2.1 Electrodes Treatment 2.2 Breakdown Test Platform 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Power Frequency Breakdown Test Results 3.2 Lightning Impulse Breakdown Test Results 3.3 Electrodes Surface Topography Test Results 4 Conclusions References Electric Field Analysis and Insulation Structure Optimization of 66 kV/10 MVA Offshore Wind Power Dry-Type Transformer 1 Introduction 2 New Design Method of Insulation Structure for Dry-Type Transformer 3 Electric Field Analysis 3.1 Modeling 3.2 Material Properties and Excitation Settings 3.3 Electric Field Characteristics 4 Optimum Design of Insulation Structure 4.1 Insulation Thickness 4.2 Insulating Shed and Block 4.3 Grading Ring on Top of HVW 4.4 Comprehensive Optimization Design 5 Conclusion References A New Control Strategy of Grid Connected Inverter Based on SOGI in Asymmetric Fault 1 Introduction 2 SOGI Based S-PQ Strategy 2.1 Basic Structure of SOGI 2.2 Extraction of DC Component of Unbalanced Voltage on DQ Axis 2.3 S-PQ Control Strategy 3 Simulation Verification and Result Analysis 3.1 Comparison of Voltage and Current Before and After S-PQ Control 3.2 THD Analysis of Grid Connected Current 4 Conclusion References Research on Optimization Dispatching Strategy for Integrated Energy System Considering Integrated Demand Response and Waste Disposal 1 Introduction 2 IES Modeling 2.1 IES Architecture 2.2 Waste Disposal Model 2.3 ES Device Model 3 IDR Model 3.1 Electricity Demand Response Model 3.2 Hot and Cold Load Demand Response 3.3 Alternative Load Demand Response 4 Optimal Operation Model of IES 4.1 Objective Function 4.2 Constraints 4.3 Solving Methods 5 Example Analysis 5.1 Brief Introduction of Calculation Example 5.2 Comparison and Analysis of Optimization Results 6 Summary References A Harmonic Suppression Control Method for PMSM of Electric Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Control Principle of PMSM 3 Harmonic Suppression Control of PMSM 4 Test Platform 5 Conclusion References Fault Diagnosis of Rotor Inter-turn Short-Circuit in Pumped-Storage Generator Motor Based on No-Load Characteristic Curve 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Principle Analysis 2.2 Derivation of Calculation Method of Exciting Electromotive Force Under Motor Condition 2.3 Derivation of Calculation Method of Exciting Electromotive Force Under Generator Condition 2.4 Calculation of Exciting Current 2.5 Analysis of Criteria 3 Simulation Analysis 4 Field Data Verification 5 Conclusion References Simulation Research on the Service Performance of NdFeB Permanent Magnets for Permanent Magnet Motors 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Calculation and Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Simulation Analysis of the Permanent Magnet Demagnetization Performance 3.2 Simulation Analysis of the Eddy Current Loss 3.3 Simulation Analysis of the Radial Force 3.4 Simulation Calculation Analysis of NVH Performance 4 Conclusions References Two-Layer Optimal Source-Storage Allocation of Active Distribution Network Based on Second-Order Cone Programming 1 Introduction 2 Two-Level Optimization Configuration Model 2.1 Upper Objective Function 2.2 Upper-Level Constraints 2.3 Down Objective Function 2.4 Down-Level Constraints 3 Two-Level Optimization Model Solving Method 4 Example Analysis 4.1 Study Environment Description 4.2 Analysis of Results 5 Conclusion References Online Insulation Monitoring and Fault Feeder Selection of Electric Heating Elements 1 Introduction 2 System Online Insulation Monitoring 3 Based on the Low Frequency Current Difference Method of Fault Feeder Selection 4 Simulation Analysis 4.1 Simulation Modeling 4.2 Simulation Verification of Online Insulation Monitoring 4.3 Simulation Verification of Fault Line Selection 5 Conclusion References Schedulable Potential Aggregation Model and LSTM-Based Time-Series Prediction Method of Flexible Load 1 Introduction 2 Flexible Load Models 2.1 Shiftable Load 2.2 Curtailable Load 2.3 Interruptible Load 3 Schedulable Potential Aggregation Model Based on Minkowski Sum 3.1 Minkowski Sum 3.2 Schedulable Potential Aggregation Model 4 Schedulable Potential Prediction Method Based on LSTM 5 Case Study 5.1 Case Setup 5.2 Analysis of Results 6 Conclusion References Temperature Modified J-A Dynamic Hysteresis Model and Core Loss Calculation 1 Introduction 2 Loss Model and Calculation 2.1 Loss of Magnetic Materials 2.2 J-A Dynamic Hysteresis Model 2.3 Calculation of Local Loss 3 Parameter Determination of Dynamic Model 3.1 Experimental Platform 3.2 Determination of Dynamic Hysteresis Parameters 4 Experimental and Simulation Results Analysis 5 Conclusion References An Electric Field Assisted Dielectric Functional Gradient Layer for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Packaging 1 Introduction 2 Parameter Settings and Simulation Results 2.1 Parameter Settings of the Simulation Model 2.2 Structure Optimization 2.3 Material Optimization 2.4 A Dielectric Functional Gradient Layer 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Preparation and Characterizations of BaTiO3-Resin Composites 3.2 A Feasibility Study of Electric-Field-Assisted Composites 4 Conclusion References Abnormal Analysis and Treatment of a ±660 kV Converter Station Main Transformer 1 Introduction 2 Defect Description 3 Defect Diagnosis of On-Line Monitoring System 3.1 Test Principle 3.2 Field Defect Diagnosis 4 Live Treatment Method 5 Test Diagnosis and Cause Analysis 5.1 Power Failure Test 5.2 Oil Chromatogram Analysis 5.3 Cause Analysis 6 Power Failure Disposal 6.1 Disposal of Power Failure 6.2 Recommissioning Assessment 7 Conclusions References Development and Application of Dynamic Test Device for 6.5 kV/400 A SiC MOSFET Module 1 Introduction 2 The Development Status of Dynamic Testing Device 3 Design of Dynamic Test Device for 6.5 kV/400 A SiC MOSFET 4 Dynamic Test Results and Analysis of 6.5 kV/400 A SiC MOSFET Module 4.1 Parasitic Diode Reverse Recovery Characteristic Test 4.2 Effect of Junction Temperature on Reverse Recovery Characteristics 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Dynamic Test Device 6 Conclusion References Design of Adiabatic Torque Tube for 10Mvar Superconducting Condenser 1 Introduction 2 Structure of Adiabatic Torque Tube 3 Simulation of Mechanical Properties of Adiabatic Torque Tube 3.1 Model Introduction 3.2 Calculation Results 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Model Reference Adaptive System Based Online Parameter Identification for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 1 Introduction 2 Effect of Parameter Variation on the Control Performance 3 Online Identification 3.1 Principle of MRAS 3.2 Design of Adaptive Law Based on the Popov Hyper-stability Theory 4 Simulation Analysis 4.1 Online Identification Results When the Load Changes 4.2 MRAS Identification Results When the Parameters Change 4.3 MRAS Identification Results When the Load Changes 5 Conclusion References Method for Measuring the Aging Degree of Generator De-excitation Resistor 1 Introduction 2 The Non-linearity of De-excitation Resistor 2.1 A Subsection Sample 3 Evaluation Index of Nonlinear Characteristics of ZnO De-excitation Resistor 3.1 Relative Deviation 3.2 Coefficient of the Discrete 3.3 Coefficient of Range 4 Evaluation Scheme of the Nonlinear Characteristics of the De-excitation Resistor 5 Field Test Verification 6 Conclusion References Research on SHEPWM Method of Multilevel MPUC Inverter Based on Jumping Spider Optimization Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Principle and SHEPWM Equations of MPUC Multilevel Inverter 3 Jumping Spider Optimization Algorithm and Its Improvement 3.1 Steps of Jumping Spider Optimization Algorithm 3.2 Algorithm Parameter Setting 4 Simulation Results and Analysis 5 Experimental Results and Analysis 6 Conclusion References Auto-coupling PI Controller of PMSM Speed Servo System 1 Introduction 2 Introduction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 2.1 Mathematical Model of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 2.2 Model Mapping 3 Control System Design 3.1 Design of Speed Loop Controller ACPI3 3.2 Design of Current Loop Controllers ACPI2 and ACPI1 3.3 Establishment of Anti-saturation Feedback Loops 4 Simulation Results and Analysis 4.1 Effect of Different Velocity Factors on Control Performance 4.2 Comparative Experiment of Speed Control When Motor Parameters Are Perturbed 5 Conclusions References Analytical Calculation and Optimization of U-P Type Primary Permanent Magnet Vernier Linear Motor 1 Introduction 2 Linear Motor Model 3 Air Gap Magnetic Density Analysis 3.1 Magnetomotive Force Potential Model for Permanent Magnet Arrays 3.2 Magnetic Permeance Model of Permanent Magnet Arrays 3.3 Air Gap Magnetic Flux Density Analysis 4 Finite Element Simulation Verification 5 Optimization 6 Conclusion References The Force Analysis of Inductors Based on the STRETCH Meat Grinder 1 Introduction 2 Simplification of Planar Spiral Coil 3 The Three-Dimensional Model is Simplified to a Two-Dimensional Asymmetric Model 4 Definition of Inductive Coils with Symmetrical and Asymmetric Structures 4.1 Current and Axial Force of Inductance Coils with Different Structures 4.2 Radial Force Analysis of Each Thread Cake of Symmetrical and Asymmetric Structure 5 Summary References Modeling and Control of Dual Three-Phase PMSG 1 Introduction 2 Conventional Mathematical Model 2.1 Mathematical Model of Double d-q Transformation 2.2 Mathematical Model of Vector Space Coordinate Transformation 3 Fully Decoupled Double d-q Coordinate Transformation 3.1 Mathematical Model 3.2 Vector Control of DTP-PMSG 4 Simulation Validations 5 Conclusion References Research on Arcing and Erosion Characteristics of Pantograph Arc in Electrified Railway 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Equipment and Materials 2.1 Experimental and Testing Equipment 2.2 Experimental Materials and Methods 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 Analysis of Arc Characteristics of Different Pantograph Strip 3.2 Analysis of Arc Spectrum Characteristics of Different Strip Materials 3.3 Erosion Characteristics and Mechanism Analysis of Pantograph Strip 4 Conclusion References Research on the Equivalent Circuit of Coplanar Dielectric Barrier Discharge and Discharge Characteristics 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Equivalent Circuit Model 4 Influence of Voltage Amplitude on CDBD Discharge Characteristics 5 Conclusions References Thermal Analysis of Oil-Immersed Transformers Based on Flow-Temperature Field Coupling 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Model 2.1 Basic Structure 2.2 Equivalent Models 3 Transformer Temperature Fluid Field Coupling Calculation Method 3.1 Loss Calculation 3.2 Control Equations 3.3 Material Setting 3.4 Boundary Conditions and Mesh Sectioning 3.5 Mesh Independence Study 4 Results 4.1 Temperature Distribution Characteristics 4.2 Flow Field Distribution Characteristics 5 Conclusion References Simulation on Initial Development of Surface Streamer in SF6 Gas Environment 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Model 2.1 Computational Domain 2.2 Plasma Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Development Process Along the Surface Streamer 3.2 Effect of Positive Electrode Morphology on Initial Flow Development 3.3 Effect of Material Permittivity Changes on the Development of Streamer Initiation 4 Conclusion References Noise Shaping Technology Based on Multiple Sigma-Delta to Improve SNR of Power Amplifier 1 Introduction 2 Noise Shaper-Based Power Amplifier Model 3 Design of Noise Transfer Function 4 Simulation 5 Conclusions References The Study of Virtual Synchronous Generator’s Additional Damping Controller Based on ADRC 1 Introduction 2 The Basic Theory of Active Disturbance Rejection Control 2.1 Tracking Differentiator (TD) 2.2 Extended State Observer (ESO) 2.3 Nonlinear State Error Feedback (NLSEF) 2.4 Disturbance Estimation Compensation 3 VSG Additional Damping Control Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control 4 Simulation 4.1 Simulation Verification of VSG Connected to a Single Infinite Bus System 4.2 Simulation Verification of VSG Connected to 4-machine 2-area System 5 Conclusion References IGBT Performance Degradation Feature Construction and Real-Time Prediction Based on Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Introduction of the IGBT Degradation Prediction Model 2.1 Construction of Degradation Characteristics Based on Grey Correlation Degree and Mahalanobis Distance 2.2 Establishment of Prediction Model Based on SVR Model and Basic Theory of Time Series Prediction 3 Experimental Results and Discussion 3.1 Data Preprocessing 3.2 Feature Selection Based on Correlation Analysis 3.3 Dimension Reduction with Mahalanobis Distance and Kalman Filter 3.4 Prediction of IGBT Performance Degradation Based on SVR 4 Conclusion References Digital Transformation Mode and Investment Path of Power Grid Enterprises Under the Background of New Power System 1 Introduction 2 Requirements for Digital Transformation of New Power Systems 2.1 Overall Architecture 2.2 Digital Transformation Methods of Power Grid Enterprises 3 Investment Indicators Impact Weight Determination 3.1 Evaluation Metrics 3.2 Assessment Method 4 Digital Transformation Low-Carbon Investment Allocation Model 4.1 Building a Decision Model 4.2 Model Parameter Solution 5 Case Analysis 6 Summarize References Review on the State of Art in Coating Materials for Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis with Proton Exchange Membrane 1 Introduction 2 Water Electrolysis Bipolar Plate Performance 3 Conclusion References An Ensemble Adaptive Deep Learning Method for High-Voltage Circuit Breaker Mechanical Fault Diagnosis 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network 2.2 Ensemble Learning 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Overall Framework 3.2 Feature Extraction Module 3.3 Ensemble Module 4 Experiment and Result Analysis 4.1 Data Acquisition 4.2 Experimental Setup 4.3 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Simulation Modeling of Primary Segmented Permanent-Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Boost Launch System 1 Introduction 2 The Structure of Primary Segmented Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Booster Launch System 3 Research on Simulation Method of Primary Segmented Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor 3.1 Circuit Model of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor 3.2 Segment Model of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor 4 Comparison of Simulation and Experiment Results 4.1 Simulation Analysis 4.2 Experimental Analysis 5 Conclusion References Design of IoT Intelligent Gateway Oriented by Electric-Power-Automation-Oriented 1 Introduction 2 System Framework and Functional Design Overview 3 Hardware Design 4 Software Design 4.1 Conversion of Related Protocols 4.2 Modbus Protocol 4.3 MQTT Protocol 4.4 IEC104 Protocol 4.5 Application Design 5 Engineering Verification 5.1 Modbus Communication 5.2 MQTT Communication 5.3 IEC104 Communication 6 Conclusion References Power Flow Calculation and Benefit Analysis of PV Grid Connection in Urbanized Rural Grid 1 Introduction 2 PV Grid-Connected Modeling of Urbanized Rural Grid 3 Power Flow Calculation 3.1 Back-Generation Tide Calculation Method with Distributed Power Supply in the Form of Forward Push 3.2 The Example Analysis 4 Benefit Calculation 4.1 Analysis of Distributed PV Benefits 4.2 Analysis of Distributed PV Cost 5 Conclusion References Online Identification of Inertia Based on Least Squares Method and Gopinath Load Torque Observer 1 Introduction 2 Online Identification of the Inertia by Recursive Least Squares Method 2.1 Discretization of Equation of Motion 2.2 Recursive Least Squares Method with Forgetting Factor 2.3 Online Identification Algorithm of the Inertia 3 Gopinath Load Torque Observer 4 Simulation Verification of Online Identification of the Inertia 4.1 No Load Condition 4.2 Rated Load Condition 4.3 Variable Load and Inertia Condition 5 Conclusion References Fault Analysis of 500 kV Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Malfunction and Tripping 1 Preface 2 Failure Situation Analysis 3 Failure Cause Analysis 3.1 Preliminary On-Site Inspection 3.2 5031 Circuit Breaker Protection Check After Exit 3.3 Check After Line Protection P544 Exit 4 Follow-Up Tests and Inspections 4.1 Analysis on the Action Characteristics of RCS-921A Failure Switch-In Optical Isolation 4.2 Analysis of Relay Driving Principle Diagram 5 Treatment Measures and Effect 6 Preventive Measures and Advice References Particle Simulation of Near-Cathode Sheath in Vacuum Arc 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 2.1 Physical Models 2.2 Numerical Models 3 Simulation Results and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Novel Three-Phase Four-Wire Inverter with Quasi-Z-Source and LCC Networks 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Topology 2.1 Topology 2.2 Characteristics of the LCC Network 3 Proposed Design and Optimization of LCC Network 3.1 Reduction of the Cost Function 3.2 Results and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Armature Transition and Its Effects on Bore Insulators of Electromagnetic Rail Launchers 1 Introduction 2 Experiment Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Armature Transition Observation 3.2 Launching Experiments of Normal and Transition Conditions 4 Conclusion References Model Analysis of Ironless Linear Synchronous Motor with End Distortion 1 Introduction 2 Establishment of the Analytical Model of the Motor 2.1 Analysis of Physical Model of Ironless Linear Motor 2.2 Analytical Modeling of Magnetic Field of Ironless Linear Motor 2.3 The Magnetic Field Model of the Permanent Magnet Array Considering the Virtual Magnetic Block at the End 2.4 Mathematical Model of Armature Winding Magnetic Field 3 Comparison and Verification 4 Experimental Verification 4.1 Halbach Permanent Magnet Array Experimental Device 4.2 Comparison Experiment of Halbach Permanent Magnet Array Results 5 Conclusion Appendix A The Derivation of Halbach Permanent Magnet Array Vector Magnetic Potential A References Damping Method of Current Source Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverters 1 Introduction 1.1 A Subsection Sample 2 Mathematical Model of Current Source Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverter 3 Research on Damping Method 3.1 Comparison of Different Passive Damping Methods 3.2 Active Damping Control of Capacitive Voltage Feedback 4 Parameter Design of Control Loop 4.1 Design of Proportional Coefficient of Voltage Inner Loop 4.2 Design of Current Outer Loop Control System 5 Simulation Results and Analysis 6 Conclusion References Junction Temperature Measurement Method for SiC MOSFET Based on Charge Variation 1 Introduction 2 Temperature Sensitivity Analysis of the Charge Variation 2.1 Body Diode Reverse Recovery 2.2 Switching Process of the SiC MOSFET Half Bridge Circuit 2.3 Temperature Characteristic of the Proposed TSEP 3 Experiment Verification 3.1 Experiment Platform 3.2 Experiment Results 3.3 Effects of Different Operating Conditions 3.4 Temperature Correlation Between Switches from the Same Bridge Arm 4 Measurement Circuit Design and Evaluation 4.1 Measurement Circuit Design 4.2 Comparative Analysis of Main TSEPs 5 Conclusion References Application of Digital Twin in Power Equipment Operation and Maintenance 1 Introduction 2 Basic Principle and Framework of Digital Twin 2.1 Introduction to Digital Twin and Its Application 2.2 The Framework of Digital Twin 3 Digital Twin System is Suitable for Power Equipment Operation and Maintenance Problems 3.1 New Requirements for Power Equipment Operation and Maintenance 3.2 Discussion on the Applicability of Digital Twin 4 Application of Digital Twin Technology in Power Equipment Operation and Maintenance 4.1 Application Status of Digital Twin 4.2 Key Technologies of Digital Twin Framework for Power Equipment 5 Problems and Prospects of Digital Twin of Power Equipment References Static Voltage Stability Evaluation of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Power System Based on Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 MRSCR Definitions 3 Convolutional Neural Network Definition 3.1 Convolutional Layer 3.2 Activation Function Layer 3.3 Pooling Layer 3.4 Fully Connected Layer 4 Case Studies 5 Conclusion References A Study of a Distribution Network Resilience Assessment System Considering Random PV Access 1 Introduction 2 Impact of PV Power Supply Access on the Distribution Network 3 Distribution Network Resilience Assessment System with Random PV Access 3.1 Resilience Assessment Indicators for Distribution Networks 3.2 Weighting of Distribution Network Resilience Indicators 3.3 Distribution Network Resilience Assessment Process Taking into Account PV Stochasticity 4 Case Analysis 5 Summary References The Control Method of Power Support for the Sending Power Grid with Large-Scale Wind Power via HVDC Transmission 1 Introduction 2 Operation Principle of Wind Power Transmission System Through HVDC 2.1 Transmission System Structure of Wind Power Through HVDC 2.2 Operation Control Mode of the Sending System 3 Wind Turbine Participates in Primary Frequency Modulation Control Method 3.1 RSC Control Model 3.2 Pitch Angle Control Model 3.3 Participate in the Primary Frequency Modulation Control Method 4 Analysis of Examples 5 Conclusion References Multi Objective Optimization Design Method for Neutral Grounding Parameters of Large Hydropower Units 1 Introduction 2 Optimization Model 2.1 Earth Fault Current 2.2 Transfer Overvoltage 2.3 Neutral Point Displacement Voltage 2.4 Displacement Voltage Coefficient 3 Multi-objective Optimization Design 4 Experimental Verification 5 Conclusion References Performance Analysis and PSO Optimization of BPMLM for Electromagnetic Catapult 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of BPMLM 2.1 Analysis of the Motor Thrust 2.2 Analysis of the Motor Length 2.3 Analysis of the Motor Mass 2.4 Summary 3 PSO Optimization of BPMLM 3.1 Establishment of Optimization Model 3.2 Description of PSO Algorithm 3.3 Optimization of BPMLM 3.4 Analysis of Optimization Results 4 Conclusion References Research on Flexible Archimedes Spiral Antenna Sensor for GIS Partial Discharge Detection Based on PDMS 1 Introduction 2 Design and Analysis of the Archimedes UHF Antenna Sensor 2.1 Design of Flexible Antenna Body 2.2 Performance Analysis of Flexible Helical Antenna 3 Miniaturization Design of Flexible Archimedes UHF Antenna Sensor 3.1 Antenna Zigzag Principle 3.2 Performance Analysis of Miniaturized Antenna 4 Conclusion References Research on Fault Diagnosis of Marine Power System Based on MANA 1 Introduction 2 Research on Mathematical Model of Ship Power System Based on Modularization 2.1 Composition of Ship Power System 2.2 Mathematical Model of Diesel Engine and Its Governing System 2.3 Mathematical Model of Synchronous Generator and Its Excitation System 2.4 Variable Frequency Governor and Control Mathematical Model 2.5 Mathematical Model of Asynchronous Motor and Load 3 Research on Improved Augmented Node Algorithm 4 Typical Fault Analysis Based on MANA 4.1 Generator Excitation Loss Fault 4.2 Short Circuit Fault 5 Study on Transient Analysis of Ship Power System 6 Conclusion References Development of Outdoor GIS Disconnector Attitude Sensor for Substation 1 Introduction 2 Principle of Operation 2.1 Technical Principle of Laser Sensor 2.2 Technical Principle of Magnetoresistance Sensor 3 Substation Outdoor Isolation Knife Gate Attitude Sensor 3.1 Brief Description of “Double Confirmation” 3.2 Laser Switch Sensor Function Realization 3.3 TMR Magnetoresistance Sensor 3.4 Isolation ‘Double Confirmation’ Judgment Logic 4 Conclusion References Application of Internet of Things Technology in Online Monitoring of Substation 1 Introduction 2 Technical Solutions 3 Technology Implementation Process 4 System Structure 5 Conclusion References A Feature Refinement Network for Bird Nest Detection in Distribution Network 1 Introduction 2 Network Architecture 2.1 Overall Structure 2.2 Multi-dimensional Feature Aggregation Module (MFAM) 2.3 Feature Attention Reconstruction Module (FARM) 3 Experiments and Results 3.1 Experiments Setup 3.2 Results 4 Conclusion References Dynamics of Redundant Robots Based on the Use of Sea Conditions in the Transport of Ammunition Magazines 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of the Dynamic Characteristics of the Magazine Transport Robot 2.1 Dynamic Analysis of Redundant Robots 2.2 Ship Magazine Robot Sea Condition Analysis 3 Dynamic Simulation of the Magazine Transfer Robot 3.1 Build a Redundant Robot Simulation Model 3.2 Dynamic Simulation of the Cartridge Depot Transport Robot 4 Summary References Research on Residual Electric Life Prediction of DC Railway Relay Based on BiLSTM 1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals 2.1 Maximal Information Coefficient 2.2 Random Forest Feature Contribution Analysis 2.3 Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory 3 First Section 4 Example Analysis 4.1 Feature Selection 4.2 Comparative Analysis of Prediction Results 5 Conclusion References Study on Online Accurate Location of Single-Point Grounding Fault in Metal Sheath of High-Voltage Cable 1 Introduction 2 Calculation Model of Circulating Current 3 Fault Location of Single-Point Grounding Fault in Sheath 3.1 Equivalent Circuit of Sheath Single-Point Grounding Fault 3.2 Derivation of the Fault Distance Calculation Formulas 4 Simulation Verification 5 Experimental Verification 5.1 Sheath Parameter Test 5.2 Circulating Current Capture Under Single-Point Grounding Fault 5.3 Sheath Single-Point Grounding Fault Setting 6 Conclusion References Optimal Calculation Method of Coil Impedance for Multi Pole Symmetrical Inductive Sensor with Uneven Air Gap 1 Introduction 2 Principle of Inductive Sensor 2.1 Introduction and Structure Principle of Inductive Sensor 2.2 Inductive Displacement Sensor with Multi Pole Symmetrical Structure 3 Calculation Method of Sensor Coil Impedance 3.1 Calculation Method of Coil Impedance of Traditional Self-inductance Displacement Sensor 3.2 Optimization Calculation Method of Coil Impedance of Self-inductance Displacement Sensor Based on Uneven Air Gap Area Change 4 Finite Element Simulation Analysis 4.1 Establishment of Finite Element Model of Self-inductive Displacement Sensor with Eight Magnetic Poles 4.2 Simulation Settings 5 Result Comparison and Analysis 6 Conclusion References Study on Temperature Field Characteristics of 66 kV/10 MVA Offshore Wind Power Dry-Type Transformer 1 Introduction 2 Transformer Model 2.1 Modeling 2.2 Heat Source Settings 3 Temperature Field Characteristics 3.1 Air-Velocity 3.2 Temperature Rise 4 Influence of Load Factor on Temperature Rise 5 Conclusion References Torque Ripple Reduction in PMSM Based on Three-Closed-Loop Vector Control 1 Introduction 2 Traditional DTC Fundamental Principles 3 Three-Closed-Loop Vector Control System 3.1 Analysis of the Spatial Voltage Vector Switching Sequence 3.2 Three-Closed-Loop System Control Simulation Model 4 System Simulation Analysis 4.1 Motor Main Parameters and Analysis of Results 4.2 Position Tracking Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Research on Harmonic Characteristics of Short-Circuit Electromagnetic Force in the Offshore Dry-Type Transformer 1 Introduction 2 Transformer Finite Element Model 3 Finite Element Simulation Calculation of Offshore Wind Power Transformer Under Three-Phase Short Circuit 4 Remaining Life Evaluation Modification Model 5 Conclusion References Fault Location of Ground Faults in Distribution Network Based on Empirical Wavelet Transform and Convolutional Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Fault Location Model 3 The Principle of Fault Feature Extraction 3.1 EWT Theory 3.2 Convolutional Neural Networks 4 Experimental Research 4.1 Simulation Model 4.2 Fault Feature Extraction Based on EWT 4.3 Fault Location of Distribution Network 4.4 Anti-noise Capability Assessment 5 Conclusion References Research on DC Fault Arc Detection Method Based on CEEMDAN-HT and SAE 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise 2.2 Principle of Hilbert Transform 2.3 Principle of SAE Algorithm 3 Experimental Data Collection and Analysis 3.1 Collection of Dataset 3.2 Data Analysis 4 Diagnostic Model for DC Fault Arcing Under Different Loads 4.1 Feature Extraction 4.2 Variable Load DC Fault Arc Diagnosis Model Based on SAE Algorithm 5 Conclusions References Research on Operation State Division of Railway DC Relay Based on Similarity Measure and Clustering 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Basis 2.1 Singular Spectrum Analysis 2.2 Similarity Distance 2.3 K-means Clustering 3 Model Constructing 3.1 Selection of Feature Parameters 3.2 Data Preprocessing 3.3 Degradation Distance Characterization 3.4 State Interval Division 4 Conclusions References Optimal Dispatch of Integrated Energy System in Terms of Demand Response 1 Introduction 2 Controllable Load and Device Models 2.1 Controllable Load Model 2.2 Device Model 2.3 Energy Storage Model 3 Optimal Dispatch Model 3.1 Day-Ahead Optimal Dispatch Model 3.2 Intra-day Optimal Dispatch Model 4 Analysis of Examples 5 Conclusion References The Scheme of Reactor Inter-turn Protection Based on Sequence Active Power 1 Introduction 2 Reactor Inter-turn Protection 2.1 Principles of Inter-turn Protection 2.2 Analysis of Inter-turn Protection Snoring 3 Protection Scheme 3.1 Active Characteristics 3.2 Inter-turn Protection Scheme 4 Protection Scenario Case Study 4.1 Active Characteristics 4.2 Inter-turn Failure Analysis 5 Conclusion References Fuzzy-PI Control for SRM Speed Regulation System 1 Introduction 2 The Mathematical Model of SRM 2.1 Circuit Equation 2.2 Mechanical Equation 2.3 Electromechanical Contact Equation 3 Traditional PI Direct Instantaneous Torque Control System 3.1 Direct Instantaneous Torque Control Strategy 3.2 Traditional PI Control 4 Algorithm Design 4.1 Fuzzy-PI Controller Design 4.2 The Choice of the Basic Domain 4.3 Scale Factors and Quantization Factors 4.4 Fuzzy Control Rules 5 Simulation Verification 6 Conclusion References Research of an Active Power Smoothing Control Strategy for Wave Energy Generation Using Flywheel Energy Storage 1 Introduction 2 Flywheel Energy Storage Assisted Smooth Wave Energy Generation System and Its Control Strategy 2.1 Structure and State Equation of Flywheel Energy Storage Assisted Smoothing Wave Energy Power Generation System 2.2 Control Scheme Analysis 3 Control Simulation 3.1 Simulation Models 3.2 Analysis of Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Simulation and Research of SF6 High Voltage Circuit Breaker at Current-Zero Regio Based on  Black Box Arc Model 1 Introduction 2 Black Box Arc Model 2.1 Cassie and Mayr Arc Model 2.2 KEMA Arc Model 2.3 Schwarz Arc Model 3 Simulation of Arc Voltage 3.1 Influence of Parallel Capacitor on Arc Voltage 3.2 Influence of Black Box Model Parameters on Arc Voltage 4 Conclusions References Research on the Harmonic Suppression Control Strategy of High-Power IGCT Converter for Oil and Gas Industry 1 Introduction 2 Topological Structure of NPC/H-Bridge Converter 3 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation 4 Selective Harmonic Elimination 4.1 Calculation of the Switching Angle 4.2 Dead Time Compensation 5 Simulation and Engineering Application 5.1 Simulation Results 5.2 Engineering Application Results 6 Conclusion References Research on Power Line Loss Calculation Method Based on Feature Selection and Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Feature Processing 2.1 Feature Selection 2.2 Data Processing 3 Model Description 3.1 Feature Selection 3.2 Line Loss Selection for Kalman Filters 3.3 Calculations Using the NANN Model 4 Model Description 4.1 Feature Selection 4.2 Delay Order of NARnn 4.3 Comparison of Results 5 Conclusion References A Method for Dividing the Degradation Stage of an AC Contactor Contact System 1 Introduction 2 The Basic Theory 2.1 Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient 2.2 C-means Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm 3 Degradation Stage Division 4 Experiment 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Feature Selection 4.3 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Segmentation-Detection Ensembled Network for Corrosion Defect Detection 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Pipeline of SDEN 2.2 Backbone and Feature Pyramid Networks 2.3 Head Networks 3 Experiments 3.1 Dataset and Evaluation Metric 3.2 Experimental Comparison 4 Conclusion References Noise Resistant Cross-Entropy Loss for Robust Learning in Pin Defect Detection with Noisy Class Label 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Modification of NRFL 2.2 Symmetric Cross-Entropy Loss 2.3 Noise Resistant Cross-Entropy Loss 3 Experiments 3.1 Dataset and Evaluation Metric 3.2 Implement Details 3.3 Experiment Result 3.4 Ablation Study 4 Conclusion References Characteristics Investigation and Shape Optimization of Roof Insulator Used in High Speed Train Based on Finite Element Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Modeling 2.1 Research Ideas 2.2 Research Subjects 2.3 Model Building 3 Surrounding Fluid Properties and Surface Dirt Accumulation Properties of Insulators 3.1 Fluid Properties Near the Roof Insulator Surface in a High-Speed Flow Field 3.2 Analysis of Dirt Accumulation Characteristics of Roof Insulators 4 Roof Insulator Shape Optimization 5 Conclusion References Three Dimensional Simulation and Optimization of Airflow Field in Arc Extinguishing Chamber of Molded Case Circuit Breaker 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Model and Result Analysis 3 Optimized Structure and Simulation Analysis 4 Conclusion References Simulation and Analysis of Position Change Deviation of Equivalent Measurement of Time Domain Transient Magnetic Field Differential Probe 1 Introduction 2 Principle of Differential Probe Measurement and Simulation Model 2.1 Principle of Differential Probe Velocity Measurement 2.2 The Simulation Model 3 The Simulation of the Differential Probe 3.1 General Finite Element Analysis Software 3.2 The Simulation Results 4 Analysis of Error 4.1 Differential Probe Equivalent Deviation 4.2 The Error Reasons 5 Conclusions References Economic Analysis of Different Technical Scenarios for Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Power 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Project Life-Cycle Cost Composition 2.2 Economic Analysis of Different Technical Solutions for Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Power 2.3 Different Technical Solutions and Scenario Designs for Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Power 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Scenario Description 3.2 Scenario Parameters 3.3 Equal Annual Cost Calculation and Comparison of Each Scenario 3.4 Comparison of Net Present Value Between Wind Power Hydrogen Production and Direct Electricity Eales Mode 3.5 Comparison of Levelized Cost of Three Wind-Hydrogen Production Technology Scenario 3.6 Economic Analysis of Each Scenario 4 Conclusion References Optimal Design of Primary Modular Biased Consequent Pole Permanent Magnet Linear Motor 1 Introduction 2 Structure of Linear Motor 3 Analytical Calculation of Air Gap 4 Linear Motor Thrust Fluctuation Optimization 4.1 Optimization of Primary Tooth Width 4.2 Optimization of Permanent Magnet Width 4.3 Optimization of Permanent Magnet Width 4.4 Conclusion References A GAN-Based Superresolution Network for Infrared Power Equipment Images 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Deep-Learning-Based SISR 2.2 Image Super Resolution Frame Using Reference 3 Method 3.1 Visible Image Generation Module 3.2 Visible Image Generation Module 3.3 Texture Matching and Shift Module 4 Experiment 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Implementation Details 4.3 Comparison 4.4 Elimination Experiment 5 Conclusion References Study on Vacuum Breakdown Characteristics of Microseconds Pulse 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Electric Field Simulation 2.2 Experimental Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Vacuum Breakdown Experiment 3.2 Surface Flashover Breakdown Experiment 4 Conclusion References A Hybrid AC Circuit Breaker Based on Thyristor Commutation 1 Introduction 2 Topology and Principle of Hybrid AC Circuit Breaker 2.1 Topology of Hybrid AC Circuit Breaker 2.2 Principle of Hybrid AC Circuit Breaker 3 Simulation and Experimental Research of Hybrid AC Circuit Breaker 3.1 AC Arc Simulation Model 3.2 Circuit Breaker Opening Test 3.3 Hybrid AC Circuit Breaker Opening Simulation Results 3.4 Hybrid AC Circuit Breaker Opening Experiment Results 4 Conclusion References SPICE Modeling of Three Novel SiC MOSFETs with Integrated Junction-Barrier-Schottky Diode 1 Introduction 2 Modeling 2.1 Core MOSFET 2.2 Junction Capacitance 2.3 Embedded Diode 3 Analysis of Simulation Results 3.1 Static Characteristic 3.2 Channel Switching Characteristic 3.3 Reverse Recovery Characteristic 4 Conclusion References Photovoltaic Fault Detection with Shaded Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Array Fault Mode and Feature Selection 2.1 PV Array Fault 2.2 Fault Feature Quantity Selection 3 Diagnostic Algorithm Based on WOA-KELM 3.1 KELM Model 3.2 An Optimization Algorithm on WOA 3.3 Fault Detection Process Based on WOA-KELM 4 Simulation Analysis 5 Conclusion References BLDC Sensorless Control Based on Variable Reaching Law Sliding Mode Back EMF Observer 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model of Brushless DC Motor 3 Design of Sliding Mode Observer for Variable Speed Reaching Law 3.1 Estimation of Speed and Rotor Position 4 Analysis of Simulation Results 5 Experimental Verification 6 Conclusion References Calculation of Temperature Field of GIS Disconnect Switches Considering Contact Resistance 1 Introduction 2 Model Building and Simplification 2.1 Model Simplification 2.2 Physical Parameters 3 Control Equations and Boundary Conditions 3.1 Control Equations 3.2 Boundary Conditions 4 Fluid-Temperature Coupling Field Calculation 4.1 Grid Dissection 4.2 Heat Source and Boundary Setting 4.3 Result Analysis 5 Conclusion References Fault Diagnosis and Location of Power Transformer Based on Optimized Deep Belief Network with Random Forest and Sparrow Search Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Methodology of Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformer 2.1 Deep Belief Network 2.2 Optimized DBN with Random Forest and Sparrow Search Algorithm 2.3 Fault Diagnosis and Location Based on DBNs 3 Instance Verification and Results Analysis 3.1 Performance Comparison Between Classical Algorithms 3.2 Instance Verification 4 Conclusion References Suppression of Rotor Eddy-Current Losses of a Megawatt High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 1 Introduction 2 Electromagnetic Analysis of a 2.5 mw Permanent Magnet Motor 2.1 Electromagnetic Structure Design 2.2 A Subsection Sample 3 Rotor Eddy Current Loss Analysis 4 Suppression of Rotor Eddy Current Losses 4.1 The Influence of Slot Wedge Relative Permeability 4.2 The Influence of Rotor Circumferential Slotting 4.3 The Influence of Stator Slot Number 4.4 The Influence of Slotting Between Rotor Poles 5 Conclusions References A Power Grid Accident Early Warning Method Considering Multi-factor Coupling 1 Introduction 1.1 A Subsection Sample 2 Power Grid Accident Sample Expansion Method 2.1 Principles of Generative Adversarial Network 2.2 Principles of Conditional Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Networks 3 Autoencoder and Improved Model 3.1 Auto-encoder 3.2 Convolutional Autoencoder and Deep Autoencoder 4 Early Warning Method of Power Grid Accident 4.1 Hazard Factor Feature Extraction 4.2 Grid Accident Prediction 5 Case Simulation 6 Autoencoder and Improved Model References Research on Harmonic Control of Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Dual PI + Repetition Theory 1 Introduction 2 Calculation of Compensation Current Command for Single-Phase Shunt APF 2.1 Single-Phase Shunt APF 3 Current Tracking Control Circuit 4 Control Circuits 4.1 Conventional Dual PI Control Circuit 4.2 Repetitive Controller 5 Simulation and Results References Research on Pollution Accumulation Characteristics of Different Materials Insulators on Transmission Line in Heavy Pollution Area 1 Introduction 2 Simulation 2.1 Simulation Model 2.2 Results Analysis 3 Measurement 4 Conclusion References Current Transformer Polarity Judgment Based on Line Parameter Fitting with Closing Transient Current 1 Introduction 2 CT Polarity Analysis Based on Line Parameters 2.1 Analysis of Line Closing Response 2.2 Criterion of CT Polarity 3 Line Parameters Fitting 3.1 Discretization of Differential Equations 3.2 Line Parameters Fitting Based on Least Square Method 3.3 Line Parameters Fitting Based on Matrix Pencil Method 4 CT Polarity Judgment Steps 5 Example Analysis and Evaluation 5.1 Analysis of Example 5.2 Algorithm Evaluation 6 Conclusion References Author Index