Effectiveness and Fairness of Chinese Higher Education Admissions Policy: Perceptions and Reforms

Description

This book explores effectiveness and fairness in higher education admissions policy. It reviews the literatures from the 1940s until the 2010s and provides a theoretical framework. The book explores comparisons between this framework and the empirical data by interviewing policymakers from the Chinese government as well as admissions officer at Chinese universities. The book contributes to providing underlying theoretical foundation on the future Chinese higher education admissions policy reform. This book appeals to policymakers on all level of education, practitioners of admissions policy, researchers on education policy, and anyone who is interested in this field. Preface Acknowledgments Contents 1 The Gaokao and Its History 1.1 The Gaokao 1.1.1 Introduction to the Gaokao 1.1.2 Debate on Gaokao Reforms 1.2 Evolution of Gaokao in Terms of Effectiveness and Fairness 1.2.1 Priority Given to Effectiveness and Consideration Given to Fairness (1950–2012) 1.2.2 Equal Consideration Given to Effectiveness and Fairness (2013–2022) 1.2.3 Summary of Perceptions on Policy Effectiveness and Fairness 1.3 Problem Statement: Consequences of the Gaokao Centered Education 1.4 Research Questions References 2 Literature Review 2.1 Policy Effectiveness 2.1.1 Criteria for Measuring Policy Effectiveness 2.1.2 Conceptualizations of Policy Effectiveness 2.1.3 Components of Policy Effectiveness 2.1.4 Other Topics on Policy Effectiveness 2.1.5 Summary on Policy Effectiveness 2.2 Policy Fairness 2.2.1 From Law and Social Perspectives 2.2.2 From Equal Opportunity and Sense Perspectives 2.2.3 Fairness in Testing Perspectives 2.2.4 From Other Perspectives 2.2.5 Summary on Policy Fairness References 3 Methodology 3.1 Selecting the Research Strategy 3.2 Designing the Case Study 3.2.1 Units of Analysis 3.2.2 Propositions  3.2.3 Linking Data to Propositions 3.2.4 Criteria for Interpreting Study Findings 3.3 Theoretical Framework 3.3.1 Policy Effectiveness 3.3.2 Policy Fairness 3.4 The Quality of Research 3.5 Conducting Case Study 3.5.1 Case Study Protocol 3.5.2 Collecting Case Study Data References 4 Case Study Findings 4.1 Strategy of Data Analysis 4.2 Findings 4.2.1 Theoretical Basis of Policy Effectiveness 4.2.2 Theoretical Basis of Policy Fairness 4.3 Conclusions Reference 5 Discussion 5.1 Summary of the Main Findings 5.2 Integration with the Literature Review 5.2.1 Consistent Practice with the Literature Review 5.2.2 Inconsistent Practice with the Literature Review 5.3 Research Limitations 5.4 Recommendations 5.4.1 Recommendations for Practice 5.4.2 Recommendations for Research References 6 Current Education Policies and Their Influence on Gaokao 6.1 Double Reduction Policy 6.2 Vocational Education References Appendix I Interview Protocol (English Version) Policy Effectiveness Policy Fairness Interview Protocol (Chinese Version) Appendix II Four Informants’ Likert Scale Responses Policy Effectiveness Likert Scale Responses of Informant I––Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy Likert Scale Responses of Informant II––Non-Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy Likert Scale Responses of Informant III—Non-Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy Likert Scale Responses of Informant IV—Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy Policy Fairness Likert Scale Responses of Informant I—Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy Likert Scale Responses of Informant II—Non-Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy Likert Scale Responses of Informant III—Non-Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy Likert Scale Responses of Informant IV—Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy Appendix III Interview Transcripts Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy-Informant I Policy Effectiveness Policy Fairness Non-Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy-Informant II Policy Effectiveness Policy Fairness Non-Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy-Informant III Policy Effectiveness Policy Fairness Gaokao Score Dominated Admission Policy-Informant IV Policy Effectiveness Policy Fairness Appendix IV Consent Form (English Version) Consent Form (Chinese Version)