Quantum Measurements and Decoherence: Models and Phenomenology
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Quantum measurement (Le., a measurement which is sufficiently precise for quantum effects to be essential) was always one of the most impor tant points in quantum mechanics because it most evidently revealed the difference between quantum and classical physics. Now quantum measure ment is again under active investigation, first of all because of the practical necessity of dealing with highly precise and complicated measurements. The nature of quantum measurement has become understood much bet ter during this new period of activity, the understanding being expressed by the concept of decoherence. This term means a physical process lead ing from a pure quantum state (wave function) of the system prior to the measurement to its state after the measurement which includes classical elements. More concretely, decoherence occurs as a result of the entangle ment of the measured system with its environment and results in the loss of phase relations between components of the wave function of the measured system. Decoherence is essentially nothing else than quantum measurement, but considered from the point of view of its physical mechanism and resolved in time. The present book is devoted to the two concepts of quantum measure ment and decoherence and to their interrelation, especially in the context of continuous quantum measurement. Front Matter Title Page © Page Table of Contents List of Figures Preface Chapter 1 Introduction Part I The Nature of Quantum Measurements Chapter 2 The Physics behind Quantum Measurements Chapter 3 Measurement induced uncertainties Part II Continuous Quantum Measurements: Theory Chapter 4 Continuous Quantum Measurements: The General Notion Chapter 5 Fuzzy Continuous Measurements: Phenomenology Chapter 6 Restricted Path Integrals: General Features Part III Continuous Quantum Measurements: Applications Chapter 7 The Monitoring of Energy Chapter 8 Monitoring by a series of observations Chapter 9 The Quantum Zeno effect in a passive setup Part IV Conceptual Problems and Prospects Chapter 10 Restricted Path Integrals and the Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics Chapter 11 Conclusion: New Prospects A The Formalism of Quantum Mechanics References Index
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