The Privatization of Fraud Investigation: Internal Investigations by Fraud Examiners

Description

This book discusses privatization of law enforcement in relation to suspected corporate crime and recommends guidelines for successful fraud examinations. There is a growing business for global auditing and local law firms to conduct internal investigations at client organizations when there is suspicion of white-collar misconduct and crime. This book reflects on the work by these private fraud examiners in terms of an evaluation of their investigation reports. The book brings an original theoretical and methodological approach to investigations of white-collar crime. It develops the theory of convenience as an explanation for motive, opportunity, and willingness to commit and conceal white-collar crime. This theory is then related to the case studies. Structured in such a way as to allow the reader to use the text as a nonsequential reference source or guide to a set of connected issues, the book illustrates the practice of privatization by cases and presents guidelines for successful fraud examination. As an investigation can lead to conviction and incarceration, this privatization of crime investigation feeds into the larger issue of privatization of policing. The work will be a valuable resource for students, academics, and practitioners working in the areas of Criminal Justice, Corporate Law, and Business. Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents Introduction 1 Perspectives on private criminal justice Privatizing governmental services Private legal enforcement flexibility Public criminal justice system Private fraud examiners’ legitimacy Cognitive, normative, and pragmatic 2 Theory of white-collar convenience Defining white-collar crime Seriousness of white-collar crime Convenience triangle for white-collar crime Economical white-collar motive Organizational white-collar opportunity Personal white-collar willingness 3 Sample of 408 white-collar criminals Theoretical criminogenity Theoretical interactions Convenience hypotheses method Convenience hypotheses findings Determinants of crime intention White-collar sensation seeking 4 Case studies of internal investigations Accounting fraud at Toshiba Corporation Sales practices fraud at Wells Fargo Attorney fraud at BP Deepwater Horizon Inappropriate accounting at Fuji Xerox Shortfall of oil revenues in Nigeria Accounting fraud at Olympus Corporation 5 Stumbling into action research White-collar crime suspicion Fraud whistleblowing case Internal fraud examinations Critical research method Action research results 6 Guilt neutralization techniques Dynamic corporate accounts White-collar crime phenomenon Content research method Content research results 7 Excuses and justifications Executive deviance in scandals Corporate executive sample Corporate neutralization techniques Corporate executive destiny 8 Private law enforcement Unique nature of investigations Internal fraud examination Corporate executive deviance Content research method Content research results 9 White-collar whistleblowing Whistleblower retaliation Confrontational action research Potential retaliation actions Potential retaliation processes Whistleblower retaliation findings Confrontational provocation Salvation Army case study Whistleblowers as information sources Case study of whistleblower as source Whistleblower Janet A. Garrison in Florida 10 White-collar autobiographies Convenience theory of self-portraits Content analysis of autobiographies Offender or victim in white-collar crime 11 Guidelines for private criminal justice Preparation guidelines for private policing Process guidelines for private policing Outcome guidelines for private policing Consequence guidelines for private policing Secrecy of private internal investigation reports Student opinions about investigation guidelines Conclusion Index