Anchoress and Abbess in Ninth-Century Saxony: The Lives of Liutbirga of Wendhausen and Hathumoda of Gandersheim

Description

Around the year 840, Liutbirga, the adopted daughter of a noble Saxon widow, asked to be walled into a cell in a church at one of the family's cloisters for religious women. She spent the last thirty years of her life in her cell, doing penance for her sins, fending off attacks by the devil, and instructing women in religion and handiwork through its one small window. Hathumoda, the daughter of a noble Saxon couple whose progeny would establish the first German empire, became abbess of a similar community of women when she was twelve years old. She too spent the rest of her life there, dying at the age of thirty-four in the course of an epidemic that swept across northwestern Europe. In spite of their confinement, both women made so great an impression on those who knew them that substantial biographies appeared within a few years of their deaths. In the growing field of early medieval texts in translation, this book presents the first full English translations of the Lives of Liutbirga of Wendhausen, the first anchoress in Saxony, and Hathumoda, the first abbess of Gandersheim. The introduction and notes tell the story of the remarkable survival and transmission of the Lives and describe the ninth-century Saxon world that produced them and their authors. Although praised by their biographers for their holiness, Liutbirga and Hathumoda are not presented primarily as wonder-working saints, but as real flesh-and-blood women, pursuing sanctity in a world driven by family and ecclesiastical politics as much as spirituality. Histories of the women's families as well as memorials to their heroines, the Lives of Liutbirga and Hathumoda shed new light on a vibrant corner of Christian Europe in the century after Charlemagne. ABOUT THE TRANSLATOR: Frederick S. Paxton is Brigida Pacchiani Ardenghi Professor of History at Connecticut College. He is the author of several works including The Cluniac Death Ritual in the Central Middle Ages (forthcoming) and Christianizing Death: The Creation of a Ritual Process in Early Medieval Europe. Acknowledgments vii Abbreviations xi Chronology xiii The Families of Luitbirga and Gisla xvi The Family of Hathumoda xvii Map: The World of Liutbirga and Hathumoda xviii Introduction 1 T he Lives of Liutbirga and Hathumoda 10 T he Lives of Liutbirga and Hathumoda 28 T hemes in the Vita Liutbirgae 48 T hemes in the Vita Hathumodae and the Dialogue 58 Women, Religion, and Sanctity in Ninth-Century Saxony 72 T he Translations 76 The Translations The Life of Liutbirga, Anchoress of Wendhausen 83 The Life of Hathumoda, First Abbess of Gandersheim 119 The Dialogue of Agius on the Death of Hathumoda 143 Bibliography 173 General Index 187 Index of Scriptural Citations 203