Photonics in Space: Advanced Photonic Devices and Systems

Description

The book focuses on photonic devices and systems for space applications and critically reviews the most promising research advances in the field of photonic technologies, which may have a significant impact on the performance of space systems. Photonics is emerging as a crucial enabling technology having the potential of enhancing many space systems, including the links for on-board data handling, the high-resolution measurement systems, and the processing units. The book discusses this subject with a special emphasis on the new guided-wave devices with high performance, low cost and size. Most of the scientific content of the book is novel and it is devoted to academic and industrial researchers working on the field. Contents:IntroductionFundamentals of Photonic DevicesOptical Links for Inter- and Intra-Spacecraft Communications Optical Signal Processors and Optical RF OscillatorsImage DetectorsPhotonic Sensors and InstrumentsSolar Cells for SpaceEmerging Space Applications of Photonics Readership: Graduate students, researchers and professionals in the field of aerospace engineering, electrical & electronic engineering, nanophotonics and optics. Title Copyright Contents Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Space system segments 1.2 Classification of orbits and missions 1.3 Overview of the space applications of photonics References Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Photonic Devices 2.1 Maxwell’s equations 2.2 Phase and group velocity 2.3 Optical waveguides 2.3.1 Slab waveguides 2.3.2 Channel waveguides 2.3.3 Optical fibers 2.3.3.1 Step index optical fibers 2.3.3.2 Graded index optical fibers 2.4 Optical resonators 2.4.1 Multiple beams interferometry 2.4.1.1 Key parameters 2.5 Optical microresonators 2.5.1 Single bus ring resonators 2.5.2 Key parameters 2.5.3 Double bus ring resonators 2.6 PhCs 2.6.1 Basic principles of PhCs 2.6.2 Simulation algorithms 2.6.3 Properties of PhCs 2.6.4 Reciprocal lattice 2.6.5 Photonic band gap 2.6.6 Defects in PhCs 2.6.7 Applications of PhCs 2.7 Passive waveguide components 2.7.1 Branching waveguides 2.7.2 Directional couplers 2.7.3 Bragg gratings 2.8 Electro-optic waveguide modulators 2.8.1 Lithium niobate modulators 2.8.1.1 Electro-optic effect in LiNbO3 2.8.1.2 Modulation characteristics 2.8.1.3 Bulk modulators 2.8.1.4 Waveguide modulators 2.9 Instabilities in LiNbO3 optical devices 2.9.1 Photorefractive effect 2.9.2 Thermal drift 2.9.3 DC drift 2.10 Electro-absorption modulators 2.11 Acousto-optic waveguide devices 2.11.1 Acousto-optic effect and interaction 2.12 Semiconductor lasers 2.12.1 Basic operation 2.13 Semiconductor optical detectors References Chapter 3 Optical Links for Inter- and Intra-Spacecraft Communications 3.1 Fiber data links 3.2 Fiber networks for distribution of high-purity analogue signals 3.3 Wireless data links 3.4 Spacecraft-to-ground and satellite-to-satellite links 3.5 Atmospheric channel 3.6 Laser transmitters and receivers References Chapter 4 Optical Signal Processors and Optical RF Oscillators 4.1 Opto-electronic oscillators 4.2 Opto-electronic frequency converters 4.3 Microwave photonic filters 4.4 Photonic switching 4.5 Photonic analog-to-digital converters 4.6 Photonic beamformers 4.7 Opto-electronic SAR processors References Chapter 5 Image Detectors 5.1 Visible image detectors: Charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors 5.1.1 CCD fundamentals 5.1.2 Performance parameters 5.1.3 Push-broom and time delay integration (TDI) imaging modes 5.1.4 Radiation effects in CCD detectors 5.1.5 Examples of space missions employing CCD detectors 5.2 Visible image detectors: CMOS sensors 5.2.1 Performance parameters and radiation effects in CMOS detectors 5.2.2 Examples of CMOS-based systems in space missions 5.3 UV image detectors 5.3.1 UV image detectors classification 5.3.2 MCP-based and CCD detectors 5.4 IR image detectors References Chapter 6 Photonic Sensors and Instruments 6.1 Temperature and strain sensing by Fiber Bragg Gratings 6.2 Photonic gyroscopes 6.2.1 He–Ne ring laser gyro 6.2.2 Interferometric fiber optic gyro 6.2.3 Space applications of the He–Ne RLGs and the IFOGs 6.2.4 Resonant fiber optic gyro (RFOG) 6.2.5 Integrated optical gyroscope 6.3 In situ analysis instruments 6.4 Remote sensing instruments References Chapter 7 Solar Cells for Space 7.1 III–V multi-junction solar cells for space 7.1.1 Triple-junction multi-quantum well solar cells 7.1.2 Inverted metamorphic multi-junction solar cells 7.1.3 Five-junction solar cells manufactured by bonding 7.2 Solar arrays References Chapter 8 Emerging Space Applications of Photonics 8.1 Wireless power transmission by laser beams 8.2 Optical atomic clocks 8.3 Opto-pyrotechnics References Index