ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Nondestructive examination

Description

Table of Contents List of Sections INTERPRETATIONS CODE CASES Foreword Statement of Policy on the Use of the Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees 1 Introduction 2 Inquiry Format 3 Code Revisions or Additions 4 Code Cases 5 Code Interpretations 6 Submittals Personnel ASTM Personnel Summary of Changes List of Changes in Record Number Order Cross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Subparagraph Breakdowns/Nested Lists Hierarchy Footnotes Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees Cross-References Subsection A Nondestructive Methods of Examination Article 1 General Requirements T-110 Scope T-120 General T-130 Equipment T-150 Procedure T-160 Calibration T-170 Examinations and Inspections T-180 Evaluation T-190 Records/Documentation Mandatory Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination I-110 Scope I-120 General Requirements I-121 GENERAL TERMS I-130 UT — Ultrasonics Mandatory Appendix II Supplemental Personnel Qualification Requirements for NDE Certification II-110 Scope II-120 General Requirements II-121 LEVEL I AND LEVEL II TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS II-122 LEVEL I AND LEVEL II EXAMINATIONS II-123 LEVEL III REQUIREMENTS II-124 TRAINING OUTLINES Nonmandatory Appendix A Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method A-110 Scope Article 2 Radiographic Examination T-210 Scope T-220 General Requirements T-221 Procedure Requirements T-222 Surface Preparation T-223 Backscatter Radiation T-224 System of Identification T-225 Monitoring Density Limitations of Radiographs T-226 Extent of Examination T-230 Equipment and Materials T-231 Film T-232 Intensifying Screens T-233 Image Quality Indicator (IQI) Design T-234 Facilities for Viewing of Radiographs T-260 Calibration T-261 Source Size T-262 Densitometer and Step Wedge Comparison Film T-270 Examination T-271 Radiographic Technique T-272 Radiation Energy T-273 Direction of Radiation T-274 Geometric Unsharpness T-275 Location Markers T-276 IQI Selection T-277 Use of IQIs to Monitor Radiographic Examination T-280 Evaluation T-281 Quality of Radiographs T-282 Radiographic Density T-283 IQI Sensitivity T-284 Excessive Backscatter T-285 Evaluation by Manufacturer T-290 Documentation T-291 Radiographic Technique Documentation Details T-292 Radiograph Review Form Mandatory Appendix I In-Motion Radiography I-210 Scope I-220 General Requirements I-223 Backscatter Detection Symbol Location I-260 Calibration I-263 Beam Width I-270 Examination I-274 Geometric and In-Motion Unsharpness I-275 Location Markers I-277 Placement and Number of IQIs I-279 Repaired Area Mandatory Appendix II Real-Time Radioscopic Examination II-210 Scope II-220 General Requirements II-221 Procedure Requirements II-230 Equipment and Materials II-231 Radioscopic Examination Record II-235 Calibration Block II-236 Calibrated Line Pair Test Pattern and Step Wedge II-237 Equivalent Performance Level II-260 Calibration II-263 System Performance Measurement II-264 Measurement With a Calibration Block II-270 Examination II-278 System Configuration II-280 Evaluation II-286 Factors Affecting System Performance II-290 Documentation II-291 Radioscopic Technique Information II-292 Evaluation by Manufacturer Mandatory Appendix III Digital Image Acquisition, Display, and Storage for Radiography and Radioscopy III-210 Scope III-220 General Requirements III-221 Procedure Requirements III-222 Original Image Artifacts III-230 Equipment and Materials III-231 Digital Image Examination Record III-234 Viewing Considerations III-236 Calibrated Optical Line Pair Test Pattern and Optical Density Step Wedge III-250 Image Acquisition and Storage III-255 Area of Interest III-258 System Configuration III-260 Calibration III-263 System Performance Measurement III-280 Evaluation III-286 Factors Affecting System Performance III-287 System-Induced Artifacts III-290 Documentation III-291 Digital Imaging Technique Information III-292 Evaluation by Manufacturer Mandatory Appendix IV Interpretation, Evaluation, and Disposition of Radiographic and Radioscopic Examination Test Results Produced by the Digital Image Acquisition and Display Process IV-210 Scope IV-220 General Requirements IV-221 Procedure Requirements IV-222 Original Image Artifacts IV-230 Equipment and Materials IV-231 Digital Image Examination Record IV-234 Viewing Considerations IV-236 Calibrated Optical Line Pair Test Pattern and Optical Density Step Wedge IV-250 Image Acquisition, Storage, and Interpretation IV-255 Area of Interest IV-258 System Configuration IV-260 Calibration IV-263 System Performance Measurement IV-280 Evaluation IV-286 Factors Affecting System Performance IV-287 System-Induced Artifacts IV-290 Documentation IV-291 Digital Imaging Technique Information IV-292 Evaluation by Manufacturer Mandatory Appendix V Glossary of Terms for Radiographic Examination Mandatory Appendix VI Acquisition, Display, Interpretation, and Storage of Digital Images of Radiographic Film for Nuclear Applications VI-210 Scope VI-220 General Requirements VI-221 Supplemental Requirements VI-222 Written Procedure VI-223 Personnel Requirements VI-230 Equipment and Materials VI-231 System Features VI-232 System Spot Size VI-240 System Performance Requirements VI-241 Spatial Resolution VI-242 Contrast Sensitivity VI-243 Dynamic Range VI-244 Spatial Linearity VI-250 Technique VI-251 Spatial Resolution Evaluation VI-252 Contrast Sensitivity Evaluation VI-253 Dynamic Range Evaluation VI-254 Spatial Linearity Evaluation VI-260 Demonstration of System Performance VI-261 Procedure Demonstration VI-262 Processed Targets VI-263 Changes in Essential Variables VI-264 Frequency of Verification VI-265 Changes in System Performance VI-270 Examination VI-271 System Performance Requirements VI-272 Artifacts VI-273 Calibration VI-280 Evaluation VI-281 Process Evaluation VI-282 Interpretation VI-283 Baseline VI-290 Documentation VI-291 Reporting Requirements VI-292 Archiving Mandatory Appendix VI Supplement A VI-A-210 Scope VI-A-220 General VI-A-221 Reference Film VI-A-230 Equipment and Materials VI-A-231 Reference Targets VI-A-232 Spatial Resolution Targets VI-A-233 Constrast Sensitivity Targets VI-A-234 Dynamic Range Targets VI-A-235 Spatial Linearity Targets VI-A-240 Miscellaneous Requirements VI-A-241 Material VI-A-242 Film Size VI-A-243 Spatial Resolution VI-A-244 Density VI-A-245 Linearity Mandatory Appendix VII Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings VII-210 Scope VII-220 General Requirements VII-224 System of Identification VII-270 Examination VII-271 Radiographic Technique VII-276 IQI Selection VII-280 Evaluation VII-282 Radiographic Density VII-290 Documentation VII-293 Layout Details Mandatory Appendix VIII Radiography Using Phosphor Imaging Plate VIII-210 Scope VIII-220 General Requirements VIII-221 Procedure Requirements VIII-225 Monitoring Density Limitations of Radiographs VIII-230 Equipment and Materials VIII-231 Phosphor Imaging Plate VIII-234 Facilities for Viewing of Radiographs VIII-260 Calibration VIII-262 Densitometer and Step Wedge Comparison Film VIII-270 Examination VIII-277 Use of IQIs to Monitor Radiographic Examination VIII-280 Evaluation VIII-281 System-Induced Artifacts VIII-282 Image Brightness VIII-283 IQI Sensitivity VIII-284 Excessive Backscatter VIII-287 Dimensional Measuring VIII-288 Interpretation VIII-290 Documentation VIII-291 Digital Imaging Technique Documentation Details Mandatory Appendix IX Radiography Using Digital Detector Systems IX-210 Scope IX-220 General Requirements IX-221 Procedure Requirements IX-225 Monitoring Density Limitations of Radiographs IX-230 Equipment and Materials IX-231 Film IX-232 Intensifying Screens IX-234 Facilities for Viewing of Radiographs IX-260 Calibration IX-262 Densitometer and Step Wedge Comparison Film IX-263 Beam Width IX-270 Examination IX-274 Geometric and In-Motion Unsharpness IX-275 Location Markers IX-277 Use of IQIs to Monitor Radiographic Examination IX-280 Evaluation IX-281 Quality of Digital Images IX-282 Image Brightness IX-283 IQI Sensitivity IX-284 Excessive Backscatter IX-287 Dimensional Measuring IX-288 Interpretation IX-290 Documentation IX-291 Digital Imaging Technique Documentation Details Nonmandatory Appendix A Recommended Radiographic Technique Sketches for Pipe or Tube Welds A-210 Scope Nonmandatory Appendix C Hole-Type IQI Placement Sketches for Welds C-210 Scope Nonmandatory Appendix D Number of IQIs (Special Cases) D-210 Scope Article 4 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Welds T-410 Scope T-420 General T-421 Written Procedure Requirements T-430 Equipment T-431 Instrument Requirements T-432 Search Units T-433 Couplant T-434 Calibration Blocks T-440 Miscellaneous Requirements T-441 Identification of Weld Examination Areas T-450 Techniques T-451 Coarse Grain Materials T-452 Computerized Imaging Techniques T-453 Scanning Techniques T-460 Calibration T-461 Instrument Linearity Checks T-462 General Calibration Requirements T-463 Calibration for Nonpiping T-464 Calibration for Piping T-465 Calibration for Weld Metal Overlay Cladding T-466 Calibration for Nozzle Side Weld Fusion Zone and/or Adjacent Nozzle Parent Metal T-467 Calibration Confirmation T-470 Examination T-471 General Examination Requirements T-472 Weld Joint Distance–Amplitude Technique T-473 Weld Metal Overlay Cladding Techniques T-474 Nondistance–Amplitude Techniques T-475 Nozzle Side Weld Fusion Zone and/or Adjacent Nozzle Parent Metal T-477 Post-Examination Cleaning T-480 Evaluation T-481 General T-482 Evaluation Level T-483 Evaluation of Laminar Reflectors T-484 Alternative Evaluations T-490 Documentation T-491 Recording Indications T-492 Examination Records T-493 Report T-494 Storage Media Mandatory Appendix I Screen Height Linearity I-410 Scope I-440 Miscellaneous Requirements Mandatory Appendix II Amplitude Control Linearity II-410 Scope II-440 Miscellaneous Requirements Mandatory Appendix III Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique III-410 Scope III-420 General III-421 Written Procedure Requirements III-430 Equipment III-431 Instrument Requirements III-432 Search Units III-434 Calibration Blocks III-435 Mechanics III-460 Calibration III-463 Calibration III-464 Calibration for Piping III-465 Calibration for Cladding III-467 Encoder Confirmation III-470 Examination III-471 General Examination Requirements III-472 Weld Joint Distance–Amplitude Technique III-473 Cladding Technique III-475 Data Sampling Spacing III-480 Evaluation III-485 Missing Data Lines III-486 Flaw Sizing and Interpretation III-490 Documentation III-492 Examination Record III-493 Report Mandatory Appendix IV Phased Array Manual Raster Examination Techniques Using Linear Arrays IV-410 Scope IV-420 General IV-421 Written Procedure Requirements IV-460 Calibration IV-461 Instrument Linearity Checks IV-462 General Calibration Requirements IV-490 Documentation IV-492 Examination Record Mandatory Appendix V Phased Array E-Scan and S-Scan Linear Scanning Examination Techniques V-410 Scope V-420 General V-421 Written Procedure Requirements V-422 Scan Plan V-460 Calibration V-461 Instrument Linearity Checks V-462 General Calibration Requirements V-467 Encoder Calibration V-470 Examination V-471 General Examination Requirements V-490 Documentation V-492 Examination Record Mandatory Appendix VII Ultrasonic Examination Requirements for Workmanship-Based Acceptance Criteria VII-410 Scope VII-420 General VII-421 Written Procedure Requirements VII-423 Personnel Qualifications VII-430 Equipment VII-431 Instrument Requirements VII-434 Calibration Blocks VII-440 Miscellaneous Requirements VII-442 Scanning Data VII-460 Calibration VII-466 Calibration for Nozzle Side Weld Fusion Zone and/or Adjacent Nozzle Parent Metal VII-470 Examination VII-471 General Examination Requirements VII-480 Evaluation VII-483 Evaluation of Laminar Reflectors VII-485 Evaluation VII-486 Supplemental Manual Techniques VII-487 Evaluation by Manufacturer VII-490 Documentation VII-492 Examination Record Mandatory Appendix VIII Ultrasonic Examination Requirements for Fracture-Mechanics-Based Acceptance Criteria VIII-410 Scope VIII-420 General VIII-421 Written Procedure Requirements VIII-423 Personnel Qualifications VIII-430 Equipment VIII-431 Instrument Requirements VIII-432 Search Units VIII-434 Calibration Blocks VIII-440 Miscellaneous Requirements VIII-442 Scanning Data VIII-460 Calibration VIII-467 Calibration for Nozzle Side Weld Fusion Zone and/or Adjacent Nozzle Parent Metal VIII-470 Examination VIII-471 General Examination Requirements VIII-480 Evaluation VIII-482 Evaluation Level VIII-483 Evaluation of Laminar Reflectors VIII-485 Evaluation Settings VIII-486 Size and Category VIII-487 Supplemental Manual Techniques VIII-488 Evaluation by Manufacturer VIII-490 Documentation VIII-492 Examination Records Mandatory Appendix IX Procedure Qualification Requirements for Flaw Sizing and Categorization IX-410 Scope IX-420 General IX-430 Equipment IX-435 Demonstration Blocks IX-440 Miscellaneous Requirements IX-442 Qualification Data IX-480 Evaluation IX-481 Size and Category IX-482 Automated and Semiautomated Acceptable Performance Criteria IX-483 Supplemental Manual Technique(s) Acceptable Performance IX-490 Documentation IX-492 Demonstration Block Record Mandatory Appendix X Ultrasonic Examination of High Density Polyethylene X-410 Scope X-420 General X-421 Written Procedure Requirements X-422 Scan Plan X-430 Equipment X-431 Instrument Requirements X-432 Search Units X-434 Calibration Blocks X-460 Calibration X-462 General Calibration Requirements X-464 Calibration for Piping X-467 Calibration Confirmation X-470 Examination X-471 General Examination Requirements X-490 Documentation X-492 Examination Record Nonmandatory Appendix A Layout of Vessel Reference Points A-410 Scope A-440 Miscellaneous Requirements A-441 Circumferential (Girth) Welds A-442 Longitudinal Welds A-443 Nozzle-to-Vessel Welds Nonmandatory Appendix B General Techniques for Angle Beam Calibrations B-410 Scope B-460 Calibration B-461 Sweep Range Calibration B-462 Distance–Amplitude Correction B-463 Distance–Amplitude Correction Inner 1/4 Volume (See Nonmandatory Appendix J, Figure J-431 View A) B-464 Position Calibration (See Figure B-464) B-465 Calibration Correction for Planar Reflectors Perpendicular to the Examination Surface at or Near the Opposite Surface (See Figure B-465) B-466 Beam Spread (See Figure B-466) Nonmandatory Appendix C General Techniques for Straight Beam Calibrations C-410 Scope C-460 Calibration C-461 Sweep Range Calibration (See Figure C-461) C-462 Distance–Amplitude Correction (See Figure C-462) Nonmandatory Appendix D Examples of Recording Angle Beam Examination Data D-410 Scope D-420 General D-470 Examination Requirements D-471 Reflectors With Indication Amplitudes Greater Than 20% of DAC or Reference Level D-472 Reflectors With Indication Amplitudes Greater Than the DAC Curve or Reference Level D-473 Flaw Sizing Techniques to Be Qualified and Demonstrated D-490 Documentation D-491 Reflectors With Indication Amplitudes Greater Than 20% of DAC or Reference Level D-492 Reflectors With Indication Amplitudes Greater Than the DAC Curve or Reference Level D-493 Reflectors That Require Measurement Techniques to Be Qualified and Demonstrated Nonmandatory Appendix E Computerized Imaging Techniques E-410 Scope E-420 General E-460 Calibration E-470 Examination E-471 Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique for Ultrasonic Testing (SAFT-UT) E-472 Line-Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (L-SAFT) E-473 Broadband Holography Technique E-474 UT-Phased Array Technique E-475 UT-Amplitude Time-of-Flight Locus-Curve Analysis Technique E-476 Automated Data Acquisition and Imaging Technique Nonmandatory Appendix G Alternate Calibration Block Configuration G-410 Scope G-460 Calibration G-461 Determination of Gain Correction Nonmandatory Appendix I Examination of Welds Using Angle Beam Search Units I-410 Scope I-470 Examination I-471 General Scanning Requirements I-472 Exceptions to General Scanning Requirements I-473 Examination Coverage Nonmandatory Appendix J Alternative Basic Calibration Block J-410 Scope J-430 Equipment J-431 Basic Calibration Block J-432 Basic Calibration Block Material J-433 Calibration Reflectors Nonmandatory Appendix K Recording Straight Beam Examination Data for Planar Reflectors K-410 Scope K-470 Examination K-471 Overlap K-490 Records/Documentation Nonmandatory Appendix L TOFD Sizing Demonstration/Dual Probe — Computer Imaging Technique L-410 Scope L-420 General L-430 Equipment L-431 System L-432 Demonstration Block L-460 Calibration L-461 System L-462 System Checks L-470 Examination L-480 Evaluation L-481 Sizing Determinations L-482 Sizing Accuracy Determinations L-483 Classification/Sizing System L-490 Documentation L-491 Demonstration Report Nonmandatory Appendix M General Techniques for Angle Beam Longitudinal Wave Calibrations M-410 Scope M-460 Calibration M-461 Sweep Range Calibration M-462 Distance–Amplitude Correction (DAC) (See Figure M-462) Nonmandatory Appendix N Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Interpretation N-410 Scope N-420 General N-421 TOFD Images — Data Visualization N-450 Procedure N-451 Measurement Tools N-452 Flaw Position Errors N-453 Measuring Flaw Length N-454 Measuring Flaw Depth N-480 Evaluation N-481 Single Flaw Images N-482 Multiple Flaw Images N-483 Typical Problems With TOFD Interpretation Nonmandatory Appendix O Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique — General Examination Configurations O-410 Scope O-430 Equipment O-432 Search Units O-470 Examination Nonmandatory Appendix P Phased Array (PAUT) Interpretation P-410 Scope P-420 General P-421 PAUT Images — Data Visualization P-450 Procedure P-451 Measurement Tools P-452 Flaw Sizing Techniques P-480 Evaluation P-481 I.D. (Inside Diameter) Connected Crack Nonmandatory Appendix Q Example of a Split DAC Curve Q-410 Scope Q-420 General Q-421 First DAC Q-422 Second DAC Q-423 Notch Reflectors Nonmandatory Appendix R Straight Beam Calibration Blocks for Restricted Access Weld Examinations R-410 Scope R-420 General R-430 Equipment R-434 Calibration Blocks Article 5 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Materials T-510 Scope T-520 General T-521 Basic Requirements T-522 Written Procedure Requirements T-530 Equipment T-531 Instrument T-532 Search Units T-533 Couplant T-534 Calibration Block Requirements T-560 Calibration T-561 Instrument Linearity Checks T-562 General Calibration Requirements T-563 Calibration Confirmation T-564 Casting Calibration for Supplementary Angle Beam Examinations T-570 Examination T-571 Examination of Product Forms T-572 Examination of Pumps and Valves T-573 Inservice Examination T-574 Thickness Measurement T-577 Post-Examination Cleaning T-580 Evaluation T-590 Documentation T-591 Recording Indications T-592 Examination Records T-593 Report T-594 Storage Media Mandatory Appendix I Ultrasonic Examination of Pumps and Valves I-510 Scope I-530 Equipment I-531 Calibration Blocks I-560 Calibration I-561 System Calibration I-570 Examination Mandatory Appendix II Inservice Examination of Nozzle Inside Corner Radius and Inner Corner Regions II-510 Scope II-530 Equipment II-531 Calibration Blocks II-560 Calibration II-561 System Calibration II-570 Examination Mandatory Appendix III Glossary of Terms for Ultrasonic Examination Mandatory Appendix IV Inservice Examination of Bolts IV-510 Scope IV-530 Equipment IV-531 Calibration Blocks IV-560 Calibration IV-561 DAC Calibration IV-570 Examination IV-571 General Examination Requirements Article 6 Liquid Penetrant Examination T-610 Scope T-620 General T-621 Written Procedure Requirements T-630 Equipment T-640 Miscellaneous Requirements T-641 Control of Contaminants T-642 Surface Preparation T-643 Drying After Preparation T-650 Technique T-651 Techniques T-652 Techniques for Standard Temperatures T-653 Techniques for Nonstandard Temperatures T-654 Technique Restrictions T-660 Calibration T-670 Examination T-671 Penetrant Application T-672 Penetration (Dwell) Time T-673 Excess Penetrant Removal T-674 Drying After Excess Penetrant Removal T-675 Developing T-676 Interpretation T-677 Post-Examination Cleaning T-680 Evaluation T-690 Documentation T-691 Recording of Indications T-692 Examination Records Mandatory Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Liquid Penetrant Examination Mandatory Appendix II Control of Contaminants for Liquid Penetrant Examination II-610 Scope II-640 Requirements II-641 Nickel Base Alloys II-642 Austenitic or Duplex Stainless Steel and Titanium II-643 Water II-690 Documentation Mandatory Appendix III Qualification Techniques for Examinations at Nonstandard Temperatures III-610 Scope III-630 Materials III-640 Requirements III-641 Comparator Application Article 7 Magnetic Particle Examination T-710 Scope T-720 General T-721 Written Procedure Requirements T-730 Equipment T-731 Examination Medium T-740 Miscellaneous Requirements T-741 Surface Conditioning T-750 Technique T-751 Techniques T-752 Prod Technique T-753 Longitudinal Magnetization Technique T-754 Circular Magnetization Technique T-755 Yoke Technique T-756 Multidirectional Magnetization Technique T-760 Calibration T-761 Frequency of Calibration T-762 Lifting Power of Yokes T-763 Gaussmeters T-764 Magnetic Field Adequacy and Direction T-765 Wet Particle Concentration and Contamination T-766 System Performance of Horizontal Units T-770 Examination T-771 Preliminary Examination T-772 Direction of Magnetization T-773 Method of Examination T-774 Examination Coverage T-775 Rectified Current T-776 Excess Particle Removal T-777 Interpretation T-778 Demagnetization T-779 Post-Examination Cleaning T-780 Evaluation T-790 Documentation T-791 Multidirectional Magnetization Technique Sketch T-792 Recording of Indications T-793 Examination Records Mandatory Appendix I Magnetic Particle Examination Using the AC Yoke Technique on Ferromagnetic Materials Coated With Nonferromagnetic Coatings I-710 Scope I-720 General I-721 Written Procedure Requirements I-722 Personnel Qualification I-723 Procedure/Technique Demonstration I-730 Equipment I-740 Miscellaneous Requirements I-741 Coating Thickness Measurement I-750 Technique I-751 Technique Qualification I-760 Calibration I-761 Yoke Maximum Lifting Force I-762 Light Intensity Measurement I-770 Examination I-780 Evaluation I-790 Documentation I-791 Examination Record Mandatory Appendix II Glossary of Terms for Magnetic Particle Examination Mandatory Appendix III Magnetic Particle Examination Using the Yoke Technique With Fluorescent Particles in an Undarkened Area III-710 Scope III-720 General III-721 Written Procedure Requirements III-723 Procedure Demonstration III-750 Technique III-751 Qualification Standard III-760 Calibration III-761 Black Light Intensity Measurement III-762 White Light Intensity Measurement III-770 Examination III-777 Interpretation III-790 Documentation III-791 Examination Record Mandatory Appendix IV Qualification of Alternate Wavelength Light Sources for Excitation of Fluorescent Particles IV-710 Scope IV-720 General IV-721 Written Procedure Requirements IV-723 Procedure Demonstration IV-750 Technique IV-751 Qualification Standard IV-752 Filter Glasses IV-770 Qualification Examinations IV-771 Black Light Intensity IV-772 Examination Requirements IV-773 Qualification of Alternate Wavelength Light Source and Specific Particles IV-790 Documentation IV-791 Examination Record Mandatory Appendix V Requirements for the Use of Magnetic Rubber Techniques V-710 Scope V-720 General Requirements V-721 Written Procedure Requirements V-730 Equipment V-731 Magnetizing Apparatus V-732 Magnetic Rubber Materials V-733 Magnetic Field Strength V-734 Magnification V-740 Miscellaneous Requirements V-741 Surface Preparation V-742 Taping and Damming V-743 Release Treatment V-750 Techniques V-751 Techniques V-752 Application of Magnetic Field V-760 Calibration V-764 Magnetic Field Adequacy and Direction V-770 Examination V-773 Application of Liquid Polymer-Magnetic Particle Material V-774 Movement During Cure V-776 Removal of Replicas V-780 Evaluation V-790 Documentation V-793 Examination Records Nonmandatory Appendix A Measurement of Tangential Field Strength With Gaussmeters A-710 Scope A-720 General Requirements A-730 Equipment A-750 Procedure A-790 Documentation/Records Article 8 Eddy Current Examination T-810 Scope Mandatory Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Eddy Current Examination Mandatory Appendix II Eddy Current Examination of Nonferromagnetic Heat Exchanger Tubing II-810 Scope II-820 General II-821 Written Procedure Requirements II-822 Personnel Requirements II-830 Equipment II-840 Requirements II-860 Calibration II-870 Examination II-880 Evaluation II-890 Documentation Mandatory Appendix III Eddy Current Examination on Coated Ferromagnetic Materials III-810 Scope III-820 General III-821 Personnel Qualification III-822 Written Procedure Requirements III-823 Procedure Demonstration III-830 Equipment III-850 Technique III-860 Calibration III-870 Examination III-890 Documentation III-891 Examination Report III-893 Record Retention Mandatory Appendix IV External Coil Eddy Current Examination of Tubular Products IV-810 Scope IV-820 General IV-821 Performance IV-822 Personnel Qualification IV-823 Written Procedure Requirements IV-830 Equipment IV-831 Test Coils and Probes IV-832 Scanners IV-833 Reference Specimen IV-850 Technique IV-860 Calibration IV-861 Performance Verification IV-862 Calibration of Equipment IV-870 Examination IV-880 Evaluation IV-890 Documentation IV-891 Examination Reports IV-893 Record Retention Mandatory Appendix V Eddy Current Measurement of Nonconductive-Nonferromagnetic Coating Thickness on a Nonferromagnetic Metallic Material V-810 Scope V-820 General V-821 Written Procedure Requirements V-822 Personnel Qualification V-823 Procedure/Technique Demonstration V-830 Equipment V-831 Probes V-850 Technique V-860 Calibration V-870 Examination V-880 Evaluation V-890 Documentation V-891 Examination Report V-893 Record Retention Mandatory Appendix VI Eddy Current Detection and Measurement of Depth of Surface Discontinuities in Nonferromagnetic Metals With Surface Probes VI-810 Scope VI-820 General VI-821 Written Procedure Requirements VI-822 Personnel Qualification VI-823 Procedure/Technique Demonstration VI-830 Equipment VI-831 Probes VI-832 Reference Specimen VI-850 Technique VI-860 Calibration VI-870 Examination VI-880 Evaluation VI-890 Documentation VI-891 Examination Report VI-893 Record Retention Mandatory Appendix VII Eddy Current Examination of Ferromagnetic and Nonferromagnetic Conductive Metals to Determine If Flaws Are Surface Connected VII-810 Scope VII-820 General VII-821 Performance VII-822 Personnel Qualification VII-823 Written Procedure Requirements VII-830 Equipment VII-830.1 System Description VII-830.2 Surface Probes VII-830.3 Cables VII-830.4 Instrumentation VII-830.5 Reference Specimen VII-850 Technique VII-860 Calibration VII-861 General VII-862 Calibration Response VII-870 Examination VII-880 Evaluation VII-890 Documentation VII-891 Examination Report VII-892 Record Retention Mandatory Appendix VIII Eddy Current Examination of Nonferromagnetic Heat Exchanger Tubing VIII-810 Scope VIII-820 General VIII-821 Written Procedure Requirements VIII-830 Equipment VIII-831 Data Acquisition System VIII-832 Analog Data Acquisition System VIII-833 Digital Data Acquisition System VIII-834 Bobbin Coils VIII-850 Technique VIII-850.1 Probe Data Acquisition Speed VIII-850.2 Recording VIII-850.3 Automated Data Screening System VIII-860 Calibration VIII-861 Equipment Calibration VIII-862 Calibration Reference Standards VIII-863 Base Frequency VIII-864 Setup and Adjustment VIII-870 Examination VIII-880 Evaluation VIII-880.1 Data Evaluation VIII-880.2 Means of Determining Indication Depth VIII-880.3 Frequencies Used for Data Evaluation VIII-890 Documentation VIII-890.1 Reporting VIII-890.2 Support Members VIII-890.3 Records Article 9 Visual Examination T-910 Scope T-920 General T-921 Written Procedure Requirements T-922 Personnel Requirements T-923 Physical Requirements T-930 Equipment T-950 Technique T-951 Applications T-952 Direct Visual Examination T-953 Remote Visual Examination T-954 Translucent Visual Examination T-980 Evaluation T-990 Documentation T-991 Report of Examination T-993 Record Maintenance Mandatory Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Visual Examination Article 10 Leak Testing T-1010 Scope T-1020 General T-1021 Written Procedure Requirements T-1022 Referencing Code T-1030 Equipment T-1031 Gages T-1040 Miscellaneous Requirements T-1041 Cleanliness T-1042 Openings T-1043 Temperature T-1044 Pressure/Vacuum (Pressure Limits) T-1050 Procedure T-1051 Preliminary Leak Test T-1052 Test Sequence T-1060 Calibration T-1061 Pressure/Vacuum Gages T-1062 Temperature Measuring Devices T-1063 Calibration Leak Standards T-1070 Test T-1080 Evaluation T-1081 Acceptance Standards T-1090 Documentation T-1091 Test Report T-1092 Record Retention Mandatory Appendix I Bubble Test — Direct Pressure Technique I-1010 Scope I-1020 General I-1021 Written Procedure Requirements I-1030 Equipment I-1031 Gases I-1032 Bubble Solution I-1033 Immersion Bath I-1070 Test I-1071 Soak Time I-1072 Surface Temperature I-1073 Application of Solution I-1074 Immersion in Bath I-1075 Lighting and Visual Aids I-1076 Indication of Leakage I-1077 Posttest Cleaning I-1080 Evaluation I-1081 Leakage I-1082 Repair/Retest Mandatory Appendix II Bubble Test — Vacuum Box Technique II-1010 Scope II-1020 General II-1021 Written Procedure Requirements II-1030 Equipment II-1031 Bubble Solution II-1032 Vacuum Box II-1033 Vacuum Source II-1070 Test II-1071 Surface Temperature II-1072 Application of Solution II-1073 Vacuum Box Placement II-1074 Pressure (Vacuum) Retention II-1075 Vacuum Box Overlap II-1076 Lighting and Visual Aids II-1077 Indication of Leakage II-1078 Posttest Cleaning II-1080 Evaluation II-1081 Leakage II-1082 Repair/Retest Mandatory Appendix III Halogen Diode Detector Probe Test III-1010 Introduction and Scope III-1011 Alkali-Ion Diode (Heated Anode) Halogen Leak Detectors III-1012 Electron Capture Halogen Leak Detectors III-1020 General III-1021 Written Procedure Requirements III-1030 Equipment III-1031 Tracer Gas III-1032 Instrument III-1033 Calibration Leak Standards III-1060 Calibration III-1061 Standard Leak Size III-1062 Warm Up III-1063 Scanning Rate III-1064 Detection Time III-1065 Frequency and Sensitivity III-1070 Test III-1071 Location of Test III-1072 Concentration of Tracer Gas III-1073 Soak Time III-1074 Scanning Distance III-1075 Scanning Rate III-1076 Scanning Direction III-1077 Leakage Detection III-1078 Application III-1080 Evaluation III-1081 Leakage III-1082 Repair/Retest Mandatory Appendix IV Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Detector Probe Technique IV-1010 Scope IV-1020 General IV-1021 Written Procedure Requirements IV-1030 Equipment IV-1031 Instrument IV-1032 Auxiliary Equipment IV-1033 Calibration Leak Standards IV-1060 Calibration IV-1061 Instrument Calibration IV-1062 System Calibration IV-1070 Test IV-1071 Location of Test IV-1072 Concentration of Tracer Gas IV-1073 Soak Time IV-1074 Scanning Distance IV-1075 Scanning Rate IV-1076 Scanning Direction IV-1077 Leakage Detection IV-1078 Application IV-1080 Evaluation IV-1081 Leakage IV-1082 Repair/Retest Mandatory Appendix V Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Tracer Probe Technique V-1010 Scope V-1020 General V-1021 Written Procedure Requirements V-1030 Equipment V-1031 Instrument V-1032 Auxiliary Equipment V-1033 System Calibration Leak Standard V-1060 Calibration V-1061 Instrument Calibration V-1062 System Calibration V-1070 Test V-1071 Scanning Rate V-1072 Scanning Direction V-1073 Scanning Distance V-1074 Leakage Detection V-1075 Flow Rate V-1080 Evaluation V-1081 Leakage V-1082 Repair/Retest Mandatory Appendix VI Pressure Change Test VI-1010 Scope VI-1020 General VI-1021 Written Procedure Requirements VI-1030 Equipment VI-1031 Pressure Measuring Instruments VI-1032 Temperature Measuring Instruments VI-1060 Calibration VI-1061 Pressure Measuring Instruments VI-1062 Temperature Measuring Instruments VI-1070 Test VI-1071 Pressure Application VI-1072 Vacuum Application VI-1073 Test Duration VI-1074 Small Pressurized Systems VI-1075 Large Pressurized Systems VI-1076 Start of Test VI-1077 Essential Variables VI-1080 Evaluation VI-1081 Acceptable Test VI-1082 Rejectable Test Mandatory Appendix VII Glossary of Terms for Leak Testing Mandatory Appendix VIII Thermal Conductivity Detector Probe Test VIII-1010 Introduction and Scope VIII-1011 Thermal Conductivity Leak Detectors VIII-1020 General VIII-1021 Written Procedure Requirements VIII-1030 Equipment VIII-1031 Tracer Gas VIII-1032 Instrument VIII-1033 Calibration Leak Standard VIII-1060 Calibration VIII-1061 Standard Leak Size VIII-1062 Warm Up VIII-1063 Scanning Rate VIII-1064 Detection Time VIII-1065 Frequency and Sensitivity VIII-1070 Test VIII-1071 Location of Test VIII-1072 Concentration of Tracer Gas VIII-1073 Soak Times VIII-1074 Scanning Distance VIII-1075 Scanning Rate VIII-1076 Scanning Direction VIII-1077 Leakage Detection VIII-1078 Application VIII-1080 Evaluation VIII-1081 Leakage VIII-1082 Repair/Retest Mandatory Appendix IX Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Hood Technique IX-1010 Scope IX-1020 General IX-1021 Written Procedure Requirements IX-1030 Equipment IX-1031 Instrument IX-1032 Auxiliary Equipment IX-1033 System Calibration Leak Standard IX-1050 Technique IX-1051 Permeation IX-1052 Repetitive or Similar Tests IX-1060 Calibration IX-1061 Instrument Calibration IX-1062 System Calibration IX-1070 Test IX-1071 Standard Technique IX-1072 Alternative Technique IX-1080 Evaluation IX-1081 Leakage IX-1082 Repair/Retest Mandatory Appendix X Ultrasonic Leak Detector Test X-1010 Introduction X-1020 General X-1021 Written Procedure Requirements X-1030 Equipment X-1031 Instrument X-1032 Capillary Calibration Leak Standard X-1060 Calibration X-1061 Standard Leak Size X-1062 Warm Up X-1063 Scanning Rate X-1064 Frequency and Sensitivity X-1070 Test X-1071 Location of Test X-1072 Soak Time X-1073 Scanning Distance X-1074 Scanning Rate X-1075 Leakage Detection X-1080 Evaluation X-1081 Leakage X-1082 Repair/Retest Nonmandatory Appendix A Supplementary Leak Testing Equation Symbols A-1010 Applicability of the Formulas Article 11 Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Vessels T-1110 Scope T-1120 General T-1121 Vessel Conditioning T-1122 Vessel Loading T-1123 Vessel Support T-1124 Environmental Conditions T-1125 Noise Elimination T-1126 Instrumentation Settings T-1127 Sensors T-1128 Procedure Requirements T-1130 Equipment T-1160 Calibration T-1161 System Calibration T-1162 Sensor Locations and Spacings T-1163 Systems Performance Check T-1170 Examination T-1171 General Guidelines T-1172 Background Noise T-1173 Loading T-1174 AE Activity T-1175 Test Termination T-1180 Evaluation T-1181 Evaluation Criteria T-1182 Emissions During Load Hold, EH T-1183 Felicity Ratio Determination T-1184 High Amplitude Events Criterion T-1185 Total Counts Criterion T-1190 Documentation T-1191 Report T-1192 Record Mandatory Appendix I Instrumentation Performance Requirements I-1110 AE Sensors I-1111 High Frequency Sensors I-1112 Low Frequency Sensors I-1120 Signal Cable I-1130 Couplant I-1140 Preamplifier I-1150 Filters I-1160 Power-Signal Cable I-1161 Power Supply I-1170 Main Amplifier I-1180 Main Processor I-1181 General I-1182 Peak Amplitude Detection I-1183 Signal Outputs and Recording Mandatory Appendix II Instrument Calibration II-1110 General II-1120 Threshold II-1130 Reference Amplitude Threshold II-1140 Count Criterion Nc and AM Value II-1150 Measurement of M II-1160 Field Performance Mandatory Appendix III Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Vessels Nonmandatory Appendix A Sensor Placement Guidelines Article 12 Acoustic Emission Examination of Metallic Vessels During Pressure Testing T-1210 Scope T-1220 General T-1221 Vessel Stressing T-1222 Noise Reduction T-1223 Sensors T-1224 Location of Acoustic Emission Sources T-1225 Procedure Requirements T-1230 Equipment T-1260 Calibration T-1261 System Calibration T-1262 On-Site System Calibration T-1263 Attenuation Characterization T-1264 Sensor Location T-1265 Sensor Spacing T-1266 Systems Performance Check T-1270 Examination T-1271 General Guidelines T-1272 Background Noise T-1273 Vessel Pressurization T-1280 Evaluation T-1281 Evaluation Criteria T-1290 Documentation T-1291 Written Report T-1292 Record Mandatory Appendix I Instrumentation Performance Requirements I-1210 Acoustic Emission Sensors I-1220 Signal Cable I-1230 Couplant I-1240 Preamplifier I-1250 Filter I-1260 Power-Signal Cable I-1270 Power Supply I-1280 Main Amplifier I-1290 Main Processor I-1291 General I-1292 Peak Amplitude Detection Mandatory Appendix II Instrument Calibration and Cross-Referencing II-1210 Manufacturer’s Calibration II-1211 Annual Calibration II-1220 Instrument Cross-Referencing II-1221 Sensor Characterization Mandatory Appendix III Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination of Metal Pressure Vessels Nonmandatory Appendix A Sensor Placement Guidelines Nonmandatory Appendix B Supplemental Information for Conducting Acoustic Emission Examinations B-1210 Frequency Selection B-1220 Combining More Than One Sensor in a Single Channel B-1230 Attenuative Welds B-1240 Production Line Testing of Identical Vessels Article 13 Continuous Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Pressure Boundary Components T-1310 Scope T-1311 References T-1320 General T-1321 Relevant Indications T-1322 Personnel Qualification T-1323 Written Procedures T-1330 Equipment T-1331 General T-1332 AE Sensors T-1333 Signal Cables T-1334 Amplifiers T-1335 AE Instrument and Monitor T-1340 Miscellaneous Requirements T-1341 Equipment Verification T-1342 Sensor Calibration T-1343 Signal Pattern Recognition T-1344 Material Attenuation/Characterization T-1345 Background Noise T-1346 Verification Records T-1347 Sensor Installation T-1348 Signal Lead Installation T-1349 AE Monitor Installation T-1350 Technique/Procedure Requirements T-1351 AE System Operation T-1352 Data Processing, Interpretation, and Evaluation T-1353 Data Recording and Storage T-1354 Component Loading T-1355 Noise Interference T-1356 Coordination with Plant System Owner/Operator T-1357 Source Location and Sensor Mounting T-1360 Calibration T-1361 Sensors T-1362 Complete AE Monitor System T-1363 Verification Intervals T-1364 Verification Records T-1370 Examination T-1371 Plant Startup and Shutdown T-1373 Plant Steady-State Operation T-1374 Nuclear Metal Components T-1375 Non-Nuclear Metal Components T-1376 Nonmetallic Components T-1377 Limited Zone Monitoring T-1378 Hostile Environment Applications T-1379 Leak Detection Applications T-1380 Evaluation/Results T-1381 Data Processing, Interpretation, and Evaluation T-1382 Data Requirements T-1390 Reports/Records T-1391 Reports to Plant System Owner/Operator T-1392 Records T-1393 Record Retention Requirements Mandatory Appendix I Nuclear Components I-1310 Scope I-1330 Equipment I-1331 Preamplifiers I-1332 AE Sensors I-1333 Frequency Response I-1334 Signal Processing I-1340 Miscellaneous Requirements I-1341 Equipment Qualification I-1360 Calibration I-1361 Calibration Block I-1362 Calibration Interval I-1380 Evaluation Mandatory Appendix II Non-Nuclear Metal Components II-1310 Scope II-1330 Equipment II-1331 Sensors II-1333 Amplifiers II-1334 Main Processor II-1360 Calibration II-1361 System Performance Check II-1362 System Performance Check Verification II-1380 Evaluation II-1381 Evaluation Criteria — Zone Location II-1382 Evaluation Criteria — Multisource Location Mandatory Appendix III Nonmetallic Components III-1310 Scope III-1320 General III-1321 Applications III-1330 Equipment III-1331 Sensors III-1332 Source Location Accuracy III-1360 Calibration III-1361 III-1362 III-1363 III-1364 III-1380 Evaluation III-1381 Evaluation Criteria III-1382 Source Mechanism Mandatory Appendix IV Limited Zone Monitoring IV-1310 Scope IV-1320 General IV-1321 Guard Sensor Technique IV-1340 Miscellaneous Requirements IV-1341 Redundant Sensors IV-1350 Technique IV-1351 Techniques IV-1352 Procedure IV-1353 Other Techniques IV-1360 Calibration IV-1380 Evaluation IV-1390 Documentation Mandatory Appendix V Hostile Environment Applications V-1310 Scope V-1330 Equipment V-1331 AE Sensors V-1332 AE Sensor Types V-1333 Waveguide V-1334 AE Signal Transmission V-1340 Miscellaneous Requirements V-1341 Sensor Mounting Mandatory Appendix VI Leak Detection Applications VI-1310 Scope VI-1320 General VI-1330 Equipment VI-1331 Sensor Type VI-1332 Waveguide VI-1333 Electronic Filters VI-1350 Technique VI-1351 Procedure VI-1360 Calibration VI-1361 Calibration Checks VI-1370 Examination VI-1371 Implementation of System Requirements VI-1372 Verification Procedure VI-1373 Equipment Qualification and Calibration Data VI-1380 Evaluation VI-1381 Leak Indications VI-1382 Leak Location Mandatory Appendix VII Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination Article 14 Examination System Qualification T-1410 Scope T-1420 General Requirements T-1421 The Qualification Process T-1422 Technical Justification T-1423 Performance Demonstration T-1424 Levels of Rigor T-1425 Planning a Qualification Demonstration T-1430 Equipment T-1440 Application Requirements T-1441 Technical Justification Report T-1442 Performance Demonstration T-1443 Examination System Requalification T-1450 Conduct of Qualification Demonstration T-1451 Protocol Document T-1452 Individual Qualification T-1460 Calibration T-1470 Examination T-1471 Intermediate Rigor Detection Test T-1472 High Rigor Detection Tests T-1480 Evaluation T-1490 Documentation and Records Mandatory Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Examination System Qualification Mandatory Appendix II UT Performance Demonstration Criteria II-1410 Scope II-1420 General II-1430 Equipment II-1434 Qualification Blocks II-1440 Application Requirements II-1450 Conduct of Qualification Demonstration II-1460 Calibration II-1470 Examination II-1480 Evaluation II-1481 Low Level II-1482 Intermediate Level II-1483 High Level II-1490 Documentation Article 15 Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique (ACFMT) T-1510 Scope T-1520 General T-1521 Supplemental Requirements T-1522 Written Procedure Requirements T-1530 Equipment T-1531 Instrument T-1532 Probes T-1533 Calibration Blocks T-1540 Miscellaneous Requirements T-1541 Surface Conditioning T-1542 Demagnetization T-1543 Identification of Weld Examination Areas T-1560 Calibration T-1561 General Requirements T-1562 Calibration T-1563 Performance Confirmation T-1570 Examination T-1571 General Examination Requirements T-1572 Examination Coverage T-1573 Overlap T-1574 Interpretation T-1580 Evaluation T-1590 Documentation T-1591 Recording Indication T-1592 Examination Record T-1593 Report Article 16 Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) Examination T-1610 Scope T-1620 General T-1621 Personnel Qualification Requirements T-1622 Equipment Qualification Requirements T-1623 Written Procedure Requirements T-1630 Equipment T-1640 Requirements T-1650 Calibration T-1660 Examination T-1670 Evaluation T-1680 Documentation Article 17 Remote Field Testing (RFT) Examination Method T-1710 Scope T-1720 General T-1721 Written Procedure Requirements T-1722 Personnel Requirements T-1730 Equipment T-1750 Technique T-1760 Calibration T-1761 Instrument Calibration T-1762 System Preparation T-1763 System Setup and Calibration T-1764 Auxiliary Frequency(ies) Calibration Procedure T-1765 Calibration Confirmation T-1766 Correlation of Signals to Estimate Depth of Flaws T-1770 Examination T-1771 General T-1772 Probe Speed T-1780 Evaluation T-1790 Documentation T-1793 Record Retention Article 18 Acoustic Pulse Reflectometry (APR) Examination T-1810 Scope T-1820 General T-1821 Written Procedure Requirements T-1830 Equipment T-1831 Instrumentation T-1832 Reference Specimen T-1840 Miscellaneous Requirements T-1841 Tube or Pipe Precleaning T-1850 Prior to the Examination T-1860 Calibration T-1861 Instrument Calibration T-1862 System Preparation T-1863 System Setup T-1864 Functional Test T-1865 Analysis of Signals to Determine Flaw Type and Estimate Flaw Size T-1870 Examination T-1880 Evaluation T-1890 Documentation T-1891 Recording Indications T-1892 Examination Records T-1893 Storage Media Article 19 Guided Wave Examination Method for Piping T-1910 Scope T-1920 General T-1921 Written Procedure Requirements T-1922 Personnel Qualification T-1930 Equipment T-1931 Instrumentation Requirements T-1932 Sensors T-1950 Wave Modes T-1951 Miscellaneous Requirements T-1960 Calibration T-1961 Instrument Calibration T-1962 System Calibration T-1963 Distance–Amplitude Correction (DAC) or Time-Corrected Gain (TCG) T-1964 Detection Threshold T-1965 Call Level T-1970 Examination T-1971 Examination Coverage T-1980 Evaluation T-1981 General T-1982 Evaluation Level T-1990 Documentation T-1992 Examination Records Nonmandatory Appendix A Operation of GWT Systems A-1910 Scope A-1920 General A-1921 Call Level A-1922 Effect of Pipe Geometry on Examination Range A-1923 Effect of Pipe Coating A-1924 Effect of General Corrosion on Examination Range A-1925 Special Applications of Guided Wave Testing Subsection B Documents Adopted by Section V Article 22 Radiographic Standards SE-94 SE-747 SE-999 SE-1025 SE-1030 SE-1114 SE-1165 SE-1255 SE-1416 SE-1647 Article 23 Ultrasonic Standards SA-388/SA-388M SA-435/SA-435M SA-577/SA-577M SA-578/SA-578M SA-609/SA-609M SA-745/SA-745M SB-548 SD-7091 SE-213 SE-273 SE-797/SE-797M SE-2491 SE-2700 Article 24 Liquid Penetrant Standards SD-129 SD-516 SD-808 SE-165/SE-165M SE-2297 SE-3022 Article 25 Magnetic Particle Standards SD-1186 SE-709 Article 26 Eddy Current Standards SE-243 Article 29 Acoustic Emission Standards SE-650/SE-650M SE-750 SE-976 SE-1067/SE-1067M SE-1118/SE-1118M SE-1139 SE-1211/SE-1211M SE-1419/SE-1419M SE-2075/SE-2075M Article 30 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations Standard SE-1316 Article 31 Alternating Current Field Measurement Standard SE-2261/SE-2261M Article 32 Remote Field Testing Standard SE-2096/SE-2096M Article 33 Guided Wave Standards SE-2775 SE-2929 Mandatory Appendices Mandatory Appendix II Standard Units for Use in Equations Nonmandatory Appendices Nonmandatory Appendix A Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code A-1 Use of Units in Equations A-2 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents A-3 Soft Conversion Factors Figures T-275 Location Marker Sketches I-263 Beam Width Determination VI-A-1 Reference Film IX-263 Beam Width Determination A-210-1 Single-Wall Radiographic Techniques C-210-1 Side and Top Views of Hole-Type IQI Placements C-210-2 Side and Top Views of Hole-Type IQI Placements C-210-3 Side and Top Views of Hole-Type IQI Placements C-210-4 Side and Top Views of Hole-Type IQI Placements D-210-1 Complete Circumference Cylindrical Component D-210-2 Section of Circumference 240 deg or More Cylindrical Component (Example is Alternate Intervals) D-210-3 Section(s) of Circumference Less Than 240 deg Cylindrical Component D-210-4 Section(s) of Circumference Equal to or More Than 120 deg and Less Than 240 deg Cylindrical Component Option D-210-5 Complete Circumferential Welds Spherical Component D-210-6 Welds in Segments of Spherical Component D-210-7 Plan View A-A D-210-8 Array of Objects in a Circle T-434.1.7.2 Ratio Limits for Curved Surfaces T-434.2.1 Nonpiping Calibration Blocks T-434.3-1 Calibration Block for Piping T-434.3-2 Alternate Calibration Block for Piping T-434.4.1 Calibration Block for Technique One T-434.4.2.1 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique One T-434.4.2.2 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique One T-434.4.3 Calibration Block for Technique Two T-434.5.1 Calibration Block for Straight Beam Examination of Nozzle Side Weld Fusion Zone and/or Adjacent Nozzle Parent Metal I-440 Linearity III-434.2.1(a) TOFD Reference Block III-434.2.1(b) Two-Zone Reference Block Example III-463.5 Offset Scans X-471.1 Fusion Pipe Joint Examination Volume B-461.1 Sweep Range (Side-Drilled Holes) B-461.2 Sweep Range (IIW Block) B-461.3 Sweep Range (Notches) B-462.1 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction (Side-Drilled Holes) B-462.3 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction (Notches) B-464 Position Depth and Beam Path B-465 Planar Reflections B-466 Beam Spread C-461 Sweep Range C-462 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction D-490 Search Unit Location, Position, and Beam Direction E-460.1 Lateral Resolution and Depth Discrimination Block for 45 deg and 60 deg Applications E-460.2 Lateral and Depth Resolution Block for 0 deg Applications G-461(a) Critical Radius, RC, for Transducer/Couplant Combinations G-461(b) Correction Factor (Gain) for Various Ultrasonic Examination Parameters J-431 Basic Calibration Block L-432 Example of a Flat Demonstration Block Containing Three Notches M-461.1 Sweep Range (Side-Drilled Holes) M-461.2 Sweep Range (Cylindrical Surfaces) M-461.3 Sweep Range (Straight Beam Search Unit) M-462 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction N-421(a) Schematic Showing Waveform Transformation Into Grayscale N-421(b) Schematic Showing Generation of Grayscale Image From Multiple A-Scans N-421(c) Schematic Showing Standard TOFD Setup and Display With Waveform and Signal Phases N-421(d) TOFD Display With Flaws and Displayed A-Scan N-451 Measurement Tools for Flaw Heights N-452(a) Schematic Showing the Detection of Off-Axis Flaws N-452(b) Measurement Errors From Flaw Position Uncertainty N-453 TOFD Image Showing Hyperbolic “Tails” From the Ends of a Flaw Image Used to Measure Flaw Length N-454(a) TOFD Image Showing Top and Bottom Diffracted Signals From Midwall Flaw and A-Scan Interpretation N-454(b) TOFD Image Showing Top and Bottom Diffracted Signals From Centerline Crack and A-Scan Interpretation N-481(a) Schematics of Image Generation, Scan Pattern, Waveform, and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Point Flaw N-481(b) Schematics of Image Generation, Flaw Location, and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Inside (ID) Surface-Breaking Flaw N-481(c) Schematics of Image Generation, Flaw Location, and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Outside (OD) Surface-Breaking Flaw N-481(d) Schematics of Flaw Location, Signals, and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Midwall Flaw N-481(e) Flaw Location and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Lack of Root Penetration N-481(f) Flaw Location and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Concave Root Flaw N-481(g) Flaw Location, TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Midwall Lack of Fusion Flaw, and the A-Scan N-481(h) Flaw Location and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Porosity N-481(i) Flaw Location and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Transverse Crack N-481(j) Schematics of Image Generation, Flaw Location, and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Interpass Lack of Fusion N-482(a) Schematic of Flaw Locations and TOFD Image Showing the Lateral Wave, Backwall, and Three of the Four Flaws N-482(b) Schematic of Flaw Locations and TOFD Display Showing the Lateral Wave, Backwall, and Four Flaws N-483(a) Acceptable Noise Levels, Flaws, Lateral Wave, and Longitudinal Wave Backwall N-483(b) TOFD Image With Gain Too Low N-483(c) TOFD Image With Gain Set Too High N-483(d)(1) TOFD Image With the Gate Set Too Early N-483(d)(2) TOFD Image With the Gate Set Too Late N-483(d)(3) TOFD Image With the Gate Set Too Long N-483(e) TOFD Image With Transducers Set Too Far Apart N-483(f) TOFD Image With Transducers Set Too Close Together N-483(g) TOFD Image With Transducers not Centered on the Weld Axis N-483(h) TOFD Image Showing Electrical Noise Interference O-470(a) Example of a Single Zone TOFD Setup O-470(b) Example of a Two Zone TOFD Setup (Equal Zone Heights) O-470(c) Example of a Three Zone TOFD Setup (Unequal Zone Heights With Zone 3 Addressed by Two Offset Scans) O-470(d) Example of a Four Zone TOFD Setup (Equal Zone Heights) P-421-1 Black and White (B&W) Version of Color Palette P-421-2 Scan Pattern Format P-421-3 Example of an E-Scan Image Display P-421-4 Example of an S-Scan Image Display P-452.1 Flaw Length Sizing Using Amplitude Drop Technique and the Vertical Cursors on the C-Scan Display P-452.2-1 Scan Showing Flaw Height Sizing Using Amplitude Drop Technique and the Horizontal Cursors on the B-Scan Display P-452.2-2 Flaw Height Sizing Using Top Diffraction Technique and the Horizontal Cursors on the S-Scan Display P-481 S-Scan of I.D. Connected Crack P-481.1 E-Scan of LOF in Midwall P-481.2 S-Scan of Porosity, Showing Multiple Reflectors P-481.3 O.D. Toe Crack Detected Using S-Scan P-481.4 IP Signal on S-Scan, Positioned on Root P-481.5 Slag Displayed as a Midwall Defect on S-Scan Q-410 Distance–Amplitude Correction Q-421 First DAC Curve Q-422 Second DAC Curve R-434-1 Corner Weld Example R-434-2 Tee Weld Example T-534.3 Straight Beam Calibration Blocks for Bolting III-630 Liquid Penetrant Comparator T-754.2.1 Single-Pass and Two-Pass Central Conductor Technique T-754.2.2 The Effective Region of Examination When Using an Offset Central Conductor T-764.2(a) Pie-Shaped Magnetic Particle Field Indicator T-764.2(b)(1) Artificial Flaw Shims T-764.2(b)(2) Artificial Flaw Shims T-766.1 Ketos (Betz) Test Ring II-860.3.1 Differential Technique Response From Calibration Reference Standard II-860.3.2 Absolute Technique Response From Calibration Reference Standard II-880 Flaw Depth as a Function of Phase Angle at 400 kHz [Ni–Cr–Fe 0.050 in. (1.24 mm) Wall Tube] V-860 Typical Lift-off Calibration Curve for Coating Thickness Showing Thickness Calibration Points Along the Curve VI-832 Reference Specimen VI-850 Impedance Plane Representations of Indications From Figure VI-832 VII-830.5 Eddy Current Reference Specimen VII-862 Impedance Plane Responses for Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel Reference Specimens VIII-864.1 Differential Technique Response From Calibration Reference VIII-864.2 Absolute Technique From Calibration Reference Standard T-1173(a)(1) Atmospheric Vessels Loading Sequence T-1173(a)(2) Vacuum Vessels Loading Sequence T-1173(a)(3) Test Algorithm — Flowchart for Atmospheric Vessels T-1173(b)(1) Pressure Vessel Loading Sequence T-1173(b)(2) Algorithm — Flowchart for Pressure Vessels I-1183 Sample of Schematic of AE Instrumentation for Vessel Examination A-1110 Case 1 — Atmospheric Vertical Vessel A-1120 Case 2 — Atmospheric Vertical Vessel A-1130 Case 3 — Atmospheric/Pressure Vessel A-1140 Case 4 — Atmospheric/Pressure Vertical Vessel A-1150 Case 5 — Atmospheric/Vacuum Vertical Vessel A-1160 Case 6 — Atmospheric/Pressure Horizontal Tank T-1273.2.1 An Example of Pressure Vessel Test Stressing Sequence T-1273.2.2 An Example of In-Service, Pressure Vessel, Test Loading Sequence A-1210 Case 1 — Vertical Pressure Vessel Dished Heads, Lug or Leg Supported A-1220 Case 2 — Vertical Pressure Vessel Dished Heads, Agitated, Baffled Lug, or Leg Support A-1230 Case 3 — Horizontal Pressure Vessel Dished Heads, Saddle Supported A-1240 Case 4 — Vertical Pressure Vessel Packed or Trayed Column Dished Heads, Lug or Skirt Supported A-1250 Case 5 — Spherical Pressure Vessel, Leg Supported T-1331 Functional Flow Diagram — Continuous AE Monitoring System T-1332.2 Response of a Waveguide AE Sensor Inductively Tuned to 500 kHz V-1333 Metal Waveguide AE Sensor Construction V-1341 Mounting Fixture for Steel Waveguide AE Sensor II-1434 Flaw Characterization for Tables II-1434-1 and II-1434-2 T-1533 ACFMT Calibration Block T-1622.1.1 Reference Plate Dimensions T-1622.1.2 Reference Pipe or Tube Dimensions T-1762 Pit Reference Tube (Typical) T-1763.1(a) Voltage Plane Display of Differential Channel Response for Through-Wall Hole (Through-Hole Signal) and 20% Groove Showing Preferred Angular Relationship T-1763.1(b) Voltage Plane Display of Differential Channel Response for the Tube Support Plate (TSP), 20% Groove, and Through-Wall Hole (Through-Hole Signal) T-1763.2 Reference Curve and the Absolute Channel Signal Response From Two Circumferential Grooves and a Tube Support Plate T-1832 Reference Specimens T-1865.1 Signal Analysis From Various Types of Discontinuities T-1865.2 Reflection From a Through-Wall Hole A-1920 Illustration of the Guided Wave Examination Procedure Tables II-121-1 Initial Training and Experience Requirements for CR and DR Techniques II-121-2 Additional Training and Experience Requirements for PAUT and TOFD Ultrasonic Techniques II-122.1 Minimum CR and DR Examination Questions II-122.2 Minimum Ultrasonic Technique Examination Questions A-110 Imperfection vs. Type of NDE Method T-233.1 Hole-Type IQI Designation, Thickness, and Hole Diameters T-233.2 Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter, and Wire Identity T-276 IQI Selection T-283 Equivalent Hole-Type IQI Sensitivity A-210-2 Double-Wall Radiographic Techniques T-421 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure III-421 Requirements of a TOFD Examination Procedure IV-421 Requirements of a Phased Manual Raster Scanning Examination Procedure Using Linear Arrays V-421 Requirements of a Phased Array Linear Scanning Examination Procedure Using Linear Arrays VII-421 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure for Workmanship-Based Acceptance Criteria VIII-421 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure for Fracture-Mechanics-Based Acceptance Criteria X-421 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure for HDPE Techniques D-490 Example Data Record G-461 Transducer Factor F1 for Various Ultrasonic Transducer Diameters and Frequencies O-432(a) Search Unit Parameters for Single Zone Examinations Up to 3 in. (75 mm) O-432(b) Search Unit Parameters for Multiple Zone Examinations Up to 12 in. (300 mm) Thick O-470 Recommended TOFD Zones for Butt Welds Up to 12 in. (300 mm) Thick T-522 Variables of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure T-621.1 Requirements of a Liquid Penetrant Examination Procedure T-621.3 Minimum and Maximum Time Limits for Steps in Penetrant Examination Procedures T-672 Minimum Dwell Times T-721 Requirements of a Magnetic Particle Examination Procedure I-721 Requirements of AC Yoke Technique on Coated Ferritic Component III-721 Requirements for an AC or HWDC Yoke Technique With Fluorescent Particles in an Undarkened Area IV-721 Requirements for Qualifying Alternate Wavelength Light Sources for Excitation of Specific Fluorescent Particles V-721 Requirements for the Magnetic Rubber Examination Procedure II-821 Requirements for an Eddy Current Examination Procedure IV-823 Requirements of an External Coil Eddy Current Examination Procedure V-821 Requirements of an Eddy Current Examination Procedure for the Measurement of Nonconductive-Nonferromagnetic Coating Thickness on a Metallic Material VI-821 Requirements of an Eddy Current Examination Procedure for the Detection and Measurement of Depth for Surface Discontinuities in Nonferromagnetic Metallic Materials VII-823 Requirements of an Eddy Current Surface Examination Procedure VIII-821 Requirements for an Eddy Current Examination Procedure T-921 Requirements of a Visual Examination Procedure I-1021 Requirements of a Direct Pressure Bubble Leak Testing Procedure II-1021 Requirements of a Vacuum Box Leak Testing Procedure III-1021 Requirements of a Halogen Diode Detector Probe Testing Procedure III-1031 Tracer Gases IV-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Detector Probe Testing Procedure V-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Tracer Probe Testing Procedure VI-1021 Requirements of a Pressure Change Testing Procedure VIII-1021 Requirements of a Thermal Conductivity Detector Probe Testing Procedure VIII-1031 Tracer Gases IX-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Hood Testing Procedure X-1021 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Leak Testing Procedure T-1121 Requirements for Reduced Operating Level Immediately Prior to Examination T-1181 Evaluation Criteria T-1281 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Zone Location II-1381 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Zone Location II-1382 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Multisource Location T-1472.1 Total Number of Samples for a Given Number of Misses at a Specified Confidence Level and POD T-1472.2 Required Number of First Stage Examiners vs. Target Pass Rate II-1434-1 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for 4-in. to 12-in. Thick Weld II-1434-2 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Larger Than 12-in. Thick Weld T-1522 Requirements of an ACFMT Examination Procedure T-1623 Requirements of an MFL Examination Procedure T-1721 Requirements of an RFT Examination Procedure T-1821 Requirements of an Acoustic Pulse Reflectometry Examination Procedure T-1921.1 Requirements of a GWT Examination Procedure II-1 Standard Units for Use in Equations Endnotes