Forensic and Clinical Applications of Solid Phase Extraction

Description

Solid phase extraction (SPE) has become a powerful and extensively used technique in the clean up and concentration of samples for analysis in a wide variety of analytical techniques. In Forensic and Clinical Applications of Solid Phase Extraction, hands-on experts explain the principles behind SPE and provide a host of readily reproducible protocols designed to allow the reader to master his or her extraction challenges with little or no additional help. These detailed methods are particularly suited to solving extraction problems in forensic and clinical chemistry and include readily understandable explanations of such complicated ideas as the principles of pH, ion exchange, and copolymeric mechanism-enhanced SPE. Numerous actual chromatograms, based on original research and from diverse applications, demonstrate the technique and the results that can be achieved. The applications are grouped by drug types and matrices. Extensive appendices allow fast access to frequently needed information on reagents, the preparation of solutions and buffers, milliequivalent and millimode calculations, buffers and pKa for SPE, and a complete RapidTrace® technical manual. Each proven protocol is described in step-by-step detail and contains an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. State-of-the-art and highly practical, Forensic and Clinical Applications of Solid Phase Extraction is a complete laboratory reference manual that will give forensic and clinical chemists at any level of expertise the ability to make clean extractions with high recoveries and effectively enhance their analytical problem-solving skills. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Introduction to Solid Phase Extraction....Pages 1-39 Silica-Based Solid Phase Extraction....Pages 41-53 The Chemistry of Bonded Silicas....Pages 55-62 Bonded Phase Sorbent Synthesis....Pages 63-90 Strategies for the Use of Solid Phase Extraction....Pages 91-107 Optimizing Solid Phase Extraction Methods....Pages 109-128 Separation of Analytes from Their Matrices....Pages 129-146 Solid Phase Extraction Troubleshooting....Pages 147-168 Drug Methods for the Toxicology Lab....Pages 169-244 Selected Solid Phase Extraction Applications in Drug Analysis....Pages 245-279 General Methods for Drug Isolation....Pages 281-295 Chemical Derivatization....Pages 297-309 Back Matter....Pages 311-370