Tuberculous Meningitis: Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

Description

Tuberculous Meningitis: Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy focuses on the most common and most lethal manifestation of tuberculosis of the central nervous system. It includes up-to-date reviews of the diagnosis, treatment, and management of tuberculous meningitis in adults and children. Extensive guidance is provided for the treatment of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis. Clinicians and researchers will find the beginning chapters on immunopathology and epidemiology of great use in their efforts to develop new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous meningitis. Cover Tuberculous Meningitis: Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Copyright Contents List of contributors Preface 1 Global and regional burden of tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis Key points Global tuberculosis epidemiology Prevalence and incidence Mortality Regional tuberculosis epidemiology High-burden tuberculosis settings Low-burden tuberculosis settings Drug-resistant tuberculosis Central nervous system tuberculosis World Health Organization management goals Background Strides toward achieving management goals Challenges to achieving management goals Conclusion References 2 Immunopathology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Key points Biology of tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the pathogenesis of tuberculosis Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis Host–pathogen interactions and the pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis Conclusion References 3 Clinical presentations and features of tuberculous meningitis Key points Symptoms of tuberculous meningitis Clinical signs of tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis Cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous meningitis Neuroimaging of tuberculous meningitis Conclusion References 4 Laboratory methods for detecting tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis Key points Biosafety Cerebrospinal fluid collection Routine cerebrospinal fluid studies Direct microscopy for diagnosis of tuberculosis Commercial nucleic acid amplification tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection Adenosine deaminase test and lipoarabinomannan lateral flow assay Next-generation sequencing Immunological assays References 5 Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance Key points Global burden of tuberculosis and drug resistance Mechanisms of resistance to antituberculosis drugs Drug resistance determination methods: strengths and limitations Culture-based drug-susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterial growth indicator tube drug-susceptibility testing Agar proportion drug-susceptibility testing methods (Löwenstein–Jensen medium and MB7H10/11) Sensititre Mycobacterium tuberculosis MYCOTB AST plate Noncommercial methods DNA-based tuberculosis drug-susceptibility testing methods Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Line probe assays Next-generation sequencing References 6 Treatment guidelines for tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis Key points Drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment Why we use the current combination antituberculosis therapy Improving tuberculosis therapy in the future Treatment of tuberculous meningitis Tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients Antituberculosis drugs and antiretroviral therapy Tuberculous meningitis in pregnancy and breastfeeding Tuberculous meningitis in children Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis Multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis Corticosteroids and host-directed therapies for tuberculous meningitis Complications of tuberculous meningitis Fever Hyponatremia Seizures Raised intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus Monitoring intracranial pressure Management of raised intracranial pressure Stroke Tuberculomas Paradoxical reactions Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Drug-induced liver injury References Further reading 7 Neurosurgical management of tuberculous meningitis Key points Introduction Hydrocephalus Radiology Medical management of hydrocephalus Surgical management of hydrocephalus Outcomes Tuberculomas References 8 Evidence gaps and future directions References Index Back Cover