Mathematical Approaches to Liver Transplantation

Description

Mathematical Approaches to Liver Transplantation provides mathematical approaches to the optimization of liver graft distribution. Through mathematical and computational methods, several aspects related to organ allocation are tackled, with possible solutions presented. The book discusses topics such as patient selection for liver transplantation, transplantation procedures, dynamics of organs waiting list, improvement on grafts allocation, live donors and MELD scale. The content focuses on liver transplantation, however the mathematical approaches presented can be successfully replicated to different organs. This book is a valuable source for mathematical biologists, bioinformaticians, and several members of biomedical field who are involved in decision-making related to organs transplantation. Provides a mathematical approach to the optimization of liver grafts distributionPresents mathematical and computational methods for several aspects relating to organ allocations and discusses possible solutionsEncompasses optimization models for the best organ distribution strategy to support decision-makers that are responsible for liver and other organ transplantation policies Cover Mathematical Approaches to Liver Transplantation Copyright Dedication About the authors Foreword Preface Acknowledgments 1 . Introduction 1.1 Typological reasoning versus population reasoning 1.2 General introduction to models theory in biology 2 . History of liver transplantation Reference 3 . Causes of liver failure 3.1 Chronic hepatic failure 3.2 Development of situations that risk the patient's life 3.3 Factors to be considered in the evolution of patients with alcohol-induced liver disease listed for liver transplantation Medical Social 3.4 Deteriorating the quality of life 3.5 Stop of growth (in children) 3.6 Acute hepatic failure 3.7 Congenital errors of metabolism 3.8 Tumors of the liver 3.9 Clinical and biochemical indications in liver transplant candidates Acute hepatic failure Chronic hepatic disease Hepatic colestatic disease Hepatocellular hepatic disease Factors common to both types: colestatic and hepatocellular Clinical indications for emergency liver transplantation Contraindications to liver transplantation Absolute Relative 4 . Technical and surgical aspects of liver transplantation 4.1 Donor operation 4.2 Evaluation of potential liver donor Clinical history Laboratory tests 4.3 The donor's hepatectomy Preparation Incision Operative technique 4.4 Composition of hepactic preservation solutions 4.5 The recipient operation Incision Operating techniques Wall closing Principal intraoperative technical care in recipient surgery Use of antibiotics in transplantation Surgical prophylaxis Hemodynamic monitoring and main complications during liver transplantation Dissection phase Anhepatic phase Postanhepathic phase Specific complications Metabolic acidosis Bleeding Hypocalcemia Hyperpotassemia Glycemia Arrhythmias in reperfusion 5 . The dynamics of waiting list 5.1 Liver transplantation: waiting list dynamics in the state of São Paulo, Brazil Materials and methods Results Conclusions 5.2 Comparing the dynamics of kidney and liver transplantation waiting list in the state of São Paulo, Brazil Methods and results Conclusions 6 . Improving grafts allocation 6.1 The potential impact of using donations after cardiac death on the liver transplantation program and waiting list in the st ... Introduction Abbreviations The model The model's simulation Conclusions 7 - Donors after circulatory death 7.1 Non–heart-beating donors in England Introduction The first international workshop in Maastricht (Kootstra G, Daemen JHC, Oomen, 1995) defined four categories of NHBD Uncontrolled Controlled Ethics and legal issues Warm ischemia renal injury Surgical technique Leicester model for NHBD (in situ kidney perfusion/cooling and kidney retrieval in NHBD) Newcastle upon-tyne model for NHBD (NHBD retrieval: pumping perfusion system) Pumping perfusion system Cambridge model for NHBD London model for NHBD Results Conclusions 8 - Living-donor liver transplantation 8.1 Potential effect of using ABO-compatible living-donor liver transplantation Introduction Materials and methods Results Conclusions 9 - The MELD scale 9.1 History of the MELD scale 9.2 The impact of the introduction of MELD on the dynamics of the liver transplantation waiting list in Sao Paulo, Brazil Introduction Material and methods Results Conclusions 9.3 Does the patient selection with MELD score improve short-term survival in liver transplantation? Introduction Methods Results Discussion 10 - Liver tumors and liver transplantation 10.1 A mathematical model for optimizing the indications of liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Introduction The model Results Conclusions 10.2 Liver transplantation and expanded Milan criteria: does it really work? Introduction Methods Results Conclusions 11 - Theoretical impact of HBV and HCV vaccines on liver transplantation 11.1 Theoretical impact of an anti-HCV vaccine on the annual number of liver transplantation Introduction Hypothesis The model Testing the hypothesis Model's simulation Conclusions 11.2 Does anti–hepatitis B virus vaccine make any difference in long-term number of liver transplantation? Introduction Methods The model Results Model's simulation Conclusions 12 - Impact of HCV antiviral therapy on the liver transplantation waiting list assessed by mathematical models 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Materials and methods 12.3 Results 12.4 Discussion 12.5 Conclusion 13 - Future perspectives 13.1 The future of the mathematics of liver transplantation Modeling an optimum MELD score that would minimize mortality Mortality in the LTWL for nontransplanted and transplanted patients 13.2 The future of liver transplantation Bioengineering approaches Artificial organs Reference References References Further reading Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Back Cover