Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes―2022: Proceedings of 8th International Scientific Conference-School for Young Scientists

Description

The book presents short papers of participants of the 8th International Scientific Conference-School for Young Scientists "Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes" (Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The book includes theoretical and experimental studies of processes in the atmosphere, oceans, the lithosphere and their interaction; environmental issues; problems of human impact on the environment; methods of geophysical research. Contents Preliminary Study of the Opportunity to Predict Changes in Rock Samples Inner Structure Caused by Triaxial Loading Based on Stress–Strain Relationship 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Material Under Study 4 Experimental Setup 5 Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusions References Estimates of the Periodicity of Atmospheric Blockings Over Kazakhstan in the Spring–Summer Time According to Era 5 Reanalysis Data 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Research Results and Analysis 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Relations of Interannual Variability of Topography of Water Surfaces of Oceanic Regions with Solar Activity on the Example of Black and Azov Seas References Filtration of Salt Solutions Taking into Account the Osmotic Effect 1 Introduction 2 Stationary Problems 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Investigation of Features of Water Circulation in the Northern Part of the Black Sea on the Basis of the Assimilation of Observational Data in the Autumn–Winter Season of 2016 1 Introduction 2 Selected Model Parameters and Description of the Data, Measured in 91st Cruise of the R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky” 3 Analysis of the Fields of Currents and Fields of Components of the Kinetic Energy Budget in the Autumn–Winter Season of 2016 References Propagation of Tsunami Waves in a T-shaped Bay 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Results of Numerical Experiments 4 Conclusions References The Features of Simulation of Radar Altimeter Return Waveform Using Hermite Polynomials 1 Introduction 2 Approximation of the Probability Density Function by Hermite Polynomials 3 Numerical Simulation of the Reflected Radio Pulse Shape 4 Model of Sea Surface Elevation in the Form of a Gaussian Mixture 5 Conclusion References Abnormal Statistics of Sea Waves 1 Introduction 2 Dependence of Crest/Trough Ratio on Wave Steepness and Inverse Wave Age 3 Dependence of Crest/Trough Ratio on Skewness and Excess Kurtosis 4 Conclusion References Emission of Nanoparticles During Loading Rock Salt References Retrospective Analysis Methods in the Study of the Existence of Anomalous Processes in Geodynamic Systems 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Time Series Study 4 Conclusion References The Analysis of the Ice Edge Position Variability in the Arctic Seas Depending on Different Types of Winter Severity References Interannual Variability of Ice Coverage in the Area of the Franz Josef Land Archipelago References Analysis of Laboratory Hydraulic Fracturing Pressure-time Curves 1 Introduction 2 The Log-Log Method 3 Laboratory Experiment 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Melting Ice Structure Mechanical Sustainability Numerical Study 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Formulation 3 Numerical Model and Implementation 4 Numerical Experiment Results References Wave Asymmetry Evolution in Coastal Zone: Field Data and Xbeach Numerical Modelling Comparison 1 Materials and Methods 2 Results and Discussion 3 Conclusion References Computational Aspects of Solving the Problem of Ekman-Type Wind Currents 1 Introduction 2 The Problem in Dimensionless Form 3 Analytical Solution 4 Basic Formulas for the Stationary Model 5 Numerical Methods for Solving the Problem 6 Results of Numerical Experiments 7 Conclusions References Investigation of the Influence of Foam on the Characteristics of Waves in the Framework of Laboratory Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Determination of Optimal Parameters and Modes of Well Operation in Low-Permeability Reservoirs on a True Triaxial Loading Unit 1 Directional Unloading Method 2 Testing Facility and Specimen Preparation 3 Experimental Method 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Method of Liquidation of Hydrocarbon Spills Using Vortex Flow 1 Introduction 2 Devices for the Mechanical Collection of Liquid Hydrocarbons from the Water Surface 3 Cleaning the Sea Surface with a Controlled Vortex Funnel 4 Conclusion References Trends in the Risks of Natural Hazards in the Arctic Zone of Russia, with Further Warming of Its Forest Zone (Case of Eastern Siberia) References Solution of Problem Questions of Astronomy and Geology Using the Optimized Galactic Model 1 Introduction 2 The Problem of the Galaxies Spiral Structure 3 Stratigraphy and Its Problems 4 New Approach to the Solution of Problems Based on Galactic Model 5 Galactic Model 6 Galactic Model Optimization Approach 7 Solving Problem 1: Development of the Galaxy Dynamic Spiral Model 7.1 The Sun’s Distance to Galaxy Center 7.2 The Degree of Twisting of the Galactic Arms 7.3 Speed and Acceleration of Sun's Orbital Motion 7.4 The Physical Model of the Galaxy. The Problem of Galaxy Evolution 8 Solving Problem 2: Construction of the Phanerozoic and Neoproterozoic Geochronological Scale 8.1 Phanerozoic Geochronological Scale 8.2 Neoproterozoic Geochronological Scale 9 Conclusion References Analysis of Wind Speed Profiles in Hurricane Irma References Evolution of Approaches to Modelling Geomechanical Processes in Oil and Gas Reservoirs 1 Analytical Modeling Methods 2 Statistical Modelling Methods 3 Numerical Modelling Methods 4 Conclusion References An Angle Fall of a Drop Onto a Deep Water 1 Introduction 2 Simulation of Angle Fall of a Drop 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Investigation of the Pancake Ice Influence on the Wind–Wave Interaction Within Laboratory Modeling 1 Introduction 2 Description of Experiment and Methods 3 Results and Discussion References Sequestration of Organic Carbon in Salt Marsh Formations of Lagoons of Sakhalin 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Results 3 Conclusion References Features of Organogenic Sedimentation Within the Coastal Zone of Aniva Bay 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Results 3 Conclusions References Coastal Marches and Silt Drainage of Sakhalin in the Context of Climate Change 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Results 3 Conclusion References Methanotrophic Ability of Cryptogamic Communities of Coastal Ecosystems 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Characteristics of the  Study sites 2.2 Assessment of Methanotrophic Ability by Cryptogamic Communities 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Methanotrophic Activity of Cryptogamic Communities of Lena River Delta Ecosystems 3.2 Methanotrophic Activity of Cryptogamic Communities of Ecosystems of the Maritime Antarctic, King George Island 4 Conclusions References Estimation of Carbon Stock in Forest Soils of Sakhalin Region 1 Introduction 2 The Object and Methods of Research 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Refinement of the Model of the Geological Structure of the Southern Urals According to the Peculiarities of the Distribution of the Area of Epicenters of Seismic Events (Methodological Aspect) 1 Introduction 2 Mapping of Tectonic Disturbances 3 Clarification of Oil and Gas Potential 4 Conclusions References Development of Mathematical Models for Optimization of the Road Network, Taking into Account Geographical and Natural Factors 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Mathematical Modeling of Hemodynamic Processes Taking into Account Effects of Border Deformation 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Results 4 Conclusions References The Influence of Technical Objects on the Dynamics and Structure of the Environment 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Temporal Dynamics of Sea Density Distribution 4 Temporal Dynamics of Sea Temperature Distribution A Novel Physical Model to Enhance Precision and Performance of Multidimensional Force Sensors 1 Introduction 2 Methods to Detect Outliers 3 Calibration Equation via Tensor Regression 4 Calculation of Multicomponent Force 5 Physical Model to Improve Readings of Multidimensional Force Response 6 Validation 7 Conclusion References Experimental Validation of Novel Physical Model for Improvement of Sensing Multidimensional Fluid Flow Loads and Responses in Real Sea Conditions with South Western Mooring Test Facility 1 Introduction 2 Validation by Application to the Calibration Data Sets for Multiaxial Load Cells Installed on the South Western Mooring Test Facility 3 Conclusion References Skimmer Using the Phenomenon of Vortex Cavity Formation 1 Introduction 2 Oil Product Recycling Cycle and Design Features of Skimmers 3 New Skimmer Model 4 Conclusion References Studies of the Construction of Horizontal Underground Workings-Tanks Under the Impact of Solution on Rock Salt 1 Introduction 2 Results 3 Conclusions References Influence of Langmuir Circulations on the Intensity of Turbulent Mixing in the Near-Surface Layer of the Sea 1 Introduction 2 Equipment and Methods for Studying the Effect of Langmuir Circulations on Turbulent Exchange 3 Results of Observations of Coherent Langmuir Structures 4 Investigation of Langmuir Circulation Dynamics 5 Effect of Langmuir Circulations on the Intensity of Turbulent Mixing 6 Conclusion References On the Solution of Dirichlet Problem for Sobolev-Type Equations for Four-Dimensional Cylindrical Domain 1 Introduction 2 Solution Formulation in the Form of Fourier Series 3 Conclusion References Reasons and Consequences of Sedimentation Layer Formation in Tray Part of Pipes of Waste Water Gravity Flow Networks 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 4.1 Problem Setting 5 Conclusion 6 Recommendations References The Influence of Strong Nonequilibrium on Multifractal Scaling of Two-Dimensional Distributions of Seismic Energy 1 Introduction 2 Seismic and Seismic Energy Fields 3 Initial Data 4 Calculation Technique 5 Calculation Results 6 Discussion and Conclusions References Geomechanical Modeling During Solving Problems Related to Development of Hard-to-Recover Hydro-carbonate Deposits 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Instrumentals and Some Experimental Results 4 Results of Modeling 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion Literature Micro-CT Analysis of Fractures and Permeability Changes in Low-Permeability Rocks After True Triaxial Loading 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Experimental and Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Investigation of Wave Breaking by Radar Measurements in the Laboratory Modeling 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup and Data Processing 3 Conclusion References The First Results of the Study of Sequestration Properties of Coastal Marine Biomorpholithosystems (Sakhalin Region) 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Results 3 Conclusion References New Research on Characteristics RLC Circuit 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of the Contour Model 3 The Imaginary Part of the Impedance 4 The Real Part of the Impedance 5 Model with Capasitor Liekage Resistor 6 Mechanical Analogues 7 Conclusions References Inelastic Deformation of Rocks with Deformation and Strength Anisotropy 1 Introduction 2 Typical and Atypical Strength Anisotropy of Rocks 3 A Variant of System of Equations 4 Deformation Under High Compressive Stresses 5 Inelastic Volumetric Deformation 6 Problems Related to Using Plastic Flow Laws for Rocks 7 Conclusion References Carbon Sequestration in the Coastal Marine Biomorpholithosystems of the Salmon Bay of Aniva Bay 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Results 3 Conclusion References Organogenic Sedimentation in the Nyivo Lagoon 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Results 3 Conclusion References Experimental Determination of Permissible Drawdown for Gas Field Wells on a True Triaxial Loading Unit 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Method 3 Experiment 4 Conclusion References Assessment of Fracture and Pore Permeability in Rocks by Results of X-ray Computed Tomography 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Experimental and Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Report “Overcoming the Limits” and New Solutions to Global Problems 1 Introduction 2 The Content and Introductory Provisions of the Report “Overcoming the Limits” 3 Discussion of the Results of the “Overcoming the Limits” Report 4 Conclusions References Wave Dynamics of Stratified Medium with Shear Flows: Main Problems Formulation References Changes in a Shoreline Under Influence of a Groin Field 1 Introduction 2 The Model Concept 3 The Model Parameters 4 Volumes of Accumulation and Shoreline Displacement 4.1 Inter-groin Compartment 4.2 Areas Adjacent to the Groin Field 4.3 Areas of Down-Drift Erosion 5 Comparison of Calculations with Observations 5.1 Examples of Calculations and Discussion of Results 6 Conclusions References On the Issue of the Impact of Recreation on Coastal Territories 1 Introduction 2 Results and Their Discussion 2.1 Reducing the Cost of Ecosystem Services of Coastal Landscapes 2.2 The Impact of Recreation on Forest Landscapes of Coastal Ecosystems 2.3 Examples of the Most Polluted Water Areas of Russia and the Post-Soviet Space and Possible Measures to Counteract Their Pollution 2.4 Activation of Dangerous Natural Processes 2.5 Transformation of Landscapes of Coastal Territories Through Human Fault 2.6 Environmental Pollution 2.7 Exceeding the Recreational Capacity of Beaches 2.8 Visual and Noise Pollution of Landscapes 2.9 Conflicts Between Different Types of Economic Activity and Ways to Solve Them 2.10 Features of the Impact of Organized and Unorganized (Independent) Recreation on Coastal Territories 3 Conclusions and Recommendations References Serpentinization of Olivine in a Kimberlite Pipe Udachnaya 1 Brief Description of the Kimberlite Pipe Udachnaya 2 Isochronous Age of Xenoliths 3 Serpentinization of Kimberlites 4 Conclusion References Analytical and Laboratory Modeling of the Movement of Markers in a Vortex Flow 1 Introduction 2 Experiments and Data Representation 3 Analytical Model of Marker Motion in Vortex Flow 4 Conclusions References The Thermohaline Structure, Hydrochemical Characteristics and Chlorophyll-A Distribution in the White Sea Based on the Expedition Data Obtained in the Summer of 2019 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Hydrophysical and Hydrochemical Characteristics 3.2 The Concentration of Chlorophyll-A 4 Discussion of the Results 5 Conclusions References Features of the Formation of the Chemical Composition of the Hydrosphere of the Buzuluk Pine Forest 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References About the Possible Relationship of the Iceland Hot Spot and the Surrounding Ocean Bottom Relief with the System of Intense Intra-mantle Vortexes 1 Introduction 2 Hypothesis About the Formation of the Icelandic Hot Spot During the Contact of an Intense Intramantle Vortex and Liquid Core 3 The Hypothesis of the Rotation of the Eurasian Plate 4 Formation of the Icelandic Hot Spot and the Topography of the Surrounding Ocean Floor Under the Influence of a Hot Jet from the Area of Contact Between the Intramantle Vortex and the Liquid Core 5 Conclusion References Investigation of Vortex Flows Formed When Ice Melting in Multicomponent Liquids 1 Introduction 2 Study of Spontaneous Rotation of Ice on the Water Surface in Laboratory Experiments 3 Conclusion References Response of an Extended Narrow Bay to Long-Wave Disturbances at Resonant Frequencies on the Example of the Sevastopol Bay 1 Introduction 2 Hydrodynamic Model and Description of the Technique of Numerical Experiments 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Response of the Sevastopol Bay to a Disturbance with a Period of 2.5 min 3.2 Response of the Sevastopol Bay to a Disturbance with a Period of 2.9 min 4 Conclusion References Assessment of the Impact of the Construction of Underground Structures with the Use of Special Methods on Underground Pedestrian Passengers References