Church and School in Early Modern Protestantism: Studies in Honor of Richard A. Muller on the Maturation of a Theological Tradition

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A great deal of scholarship has too often juxtaposed scholasticism and piety, resulting in misunderstandings of the relationship between Protestant churches of the early modern era and the theology taught in their schools. But more recent scholarship, especially conducted by Richard A. Muller over the last number of decades, has remapped the lines of continuity and discontinuity in the relation of church and school. This research has produced a more methodologically nuanced and historically accurate representation of church and school in early modern Protestantism. Written by leading scholars of early modern Protestant theology and history and based on research using the most relevant original sources, this collection seeks to broaden our understanding of how and why clergy were educated to serve the church. Contributors include: Yuzo Adhinarta, Willem van Asselt, Irena Backus, Jordan J. Ballor, J. Mark Beach, Andreas Beck, Joel R. Beeke, Lyle D. Bierma, Raymond A. Blacketer, James E. Bradley, Dariusz M. Bryćko, Amy Nelson Burnett, Emidio Campi, Heber Carlos de Campos Jr, Kiven Choy, R. Scott Clark, Paul Fields, John V. Fesko, Paul Fields, W. Robert Godfrey, Alan Gomes, Albert Gootjes, Chad Gunnoe, Aza Goudriaan, Fred P. Hall, Byung-Soo (Paul) Han, Nathan A. Jacobs, Frank A. James III, Martin Klauber, Henry Knapp, Robert Kolb, Mark J. Larson, Brian J. Lee, Karin Maag, Benjamin T.G. Mayes, Andrew M. McGinnis, Paul Mpindi, Adriaan C. Neele, Godfried Quaedtvlieg, Sebastian Rehnman, Todd Rester, Gregory D. Schuringa, Herman Selderhuis, Donald Sinnema, Keith Stanglin, David Steinmetz, David Sytsma, Yudha Thianto, John L. Thompson, Carl Trueman, Theodore G. Van Raalte, Cornelis Venema, Timothy Wengert, Reita Yazawa, Jeongmo Yoo, and Jason Zuidema. Church and School in Early Modern Protestantism Copyright Contents List of Illustrations List Abbreviations List of Contributors Acknowledgements and Dedication Introduction: The Dogma Is Not Necessarily the Drama PART I: FIRST GENERATION REFORMERS (ca. 1517–1535) Justification by Faith Alone: Martin Luther among the Early Anglicans Philip Melanchthon and Wittenberg’s Reform of the Theological Curriculum Academic Heresy, the Reuchlin Affair, and the Control of Theological Discourse in the Early Sixteenth Century Influences in Luther’s Reforms Pastoral Education in the Wittenberg Way François Lambert d’Avignon (ca. 1487–1530): Early Ecclesial Reform and Training for the Ministry at Marburg PART II: SECOND GENERATION REFORMERS (ca. 1535–1565) The Idea of a ‘General Grace of God’ in Some Sixteenth-Century Reformed Theologians other than Calvin Calvin’s Reception and Reformulation of the Necessitarian Concepts of the Early Reformation on Human Will, Providence, and Predestination The duplex gratia Dei and the Organization of Calvin’s Institutes: ordo docendi or ordo salutis? Calvin’s Hermeneutics of the Imprecations of the Psalter The Italian Convert: Marquis Galeazzo Caracciolo and the English Puritans Confluence and Influence: Peter Martyr Vermigli and Thomas Aquinas on Predestination Peter Martyr Vermigli, Scholasticism, and Aquinas’ Justice of War Doctrine Moral Philosophy and Moral Theology in Vermigli Word and Spirit in the Piety of Peter Martyr Vermigli as Seen in his Commentary on 1 Corinthians PART III: EARLY ORTHODOXY (ca. 1565–1640) The Man in the Black Hat: Theodore Beza and the Reorientation of Early Reformed Historiography From Professors to Pastors: The Convoluted Careers of Jean Diodati and Théodore Tronchin Swiss Students and Faculty at the University of Heidelberg, 1518–1622 Johannes Piscator’s (1546–1625) Interpretation of Calvin’s Institutes The Academization of Reformation Teaching in Johann Heinrich Alsted (1588–1638) Theology and Piety in Ursinus’ Summa Theologiae Law and Gospel in Early Reformed Orthodoxy: Hermeneutical Conservatism in Olevianus’ Commentary on Romans Laurence Chaderton: An Early Puritan Vision for Church and School The Danzig Academic Gymnasium in Seventeenth-Century Poland Arminius on Facientibus Quod in Se Est and Likely Medieval Sources Bona Conscientia Paradisus: An Augustinian-Arminian Trope A Promise for Parents: Dordt’s Perspective on Covenant and Election Type, Anti-type, and the Sensus Literalis: Protestant Reformed Orthodox Approaches to Psalm 2 The Holy Spirit and the Church’s Mission: The Perspective of the Reformed Confessions The Attempt to Establish a Chair in Practical Theology at Leiden University (1618–1626) Theologia practica: The Diverse Meanings of a Subject of Early Modern Academic Writing Lumina, non Numina: Patristic Authority According to Lutheran Arch-Theologian Johann Gerhard The Logic of the Heart: Analyzing the Affections in Early Reformed Orthodoxy Reformed Education from Geneva through the Netherlands to the East Indies PART IV: HIGH ORTHODOXY (ca. 1640–1725) ‘A Grievous Sin’: Gisbertus Voetius (1589–1676) and His Anti-Lombard Polemic Voetius on the Subject and Formal Act of Happiness—A Scholastic Exercise Revealing the Mind of God: Exegetical Method in the Seventeenth Century Reason Run Amok? The Protestant Orthodox Charge of Rationalism against Faustus Socinus (with Special Consideration of a ‘Smoking Gun’ Passage from De Jesu Christo Servatore) Johannes Cocceius as Federal Polemicist: The Usefulness of the Distinction between the Testaments ‘A Smattering of the New Philosophy’: Étienne Gaussen (ca. 1638–1675) and the Cartesian Question at Saumur Nonconformist Schools, the Schism Act, and the Limits of Toleration in England’s Confessional State Piety, Theology, Exegesis, and Tradition: Anna Maria van Schurman’s ‘Elaboration’ of Genesis 1–3 and Its Relationship to the Commentary Tradition John Howe (1630–1705) on Divine Simplicity: A Debate over Spinozism Orthodoxy, Scholasticism, and Piety in the Seventeenth-Century Further Reformation: Simon Oomius Mylius on Elleboogius: A Fatal Misinterpretation The Shape of Reformed Orthodoxy in the Seventeenth Century: The Soteriological Debate between George Kendall and Richard Baxter G.W. Leibniz and Protestant Scholasticism in the Years 1698–1704 PART V: LATE ORTHODOXY (ca. 1725–1790) The Uniqueness of Christ in Post-Reformation Reformed Theology: From Francis Turretin to Jean-Alphonse Turretin Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) and the Nature of Theology Calvinism as Reformed Protestantism: Clarification of a Term Reconsidering the Platonism of Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792) and Its Role in His Thought on the Education of Artists The Bristol Academy and the Education of Ministers in Eighteenth-Century England (1758–1791) Bibliography of the Works of Richard A. Muller Index