Process Engineering: Addressing the Gap between Study and Chemical Industry

Description

This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to chemical process engineering, linking the fundamental theory and concepts to the industrial day-to-day practice. It bridges the gap between chemical sciences and the practical chemical industry. It enables the reader to integrate fundamental knowledge of the basic disciplines, to understand the most important chemical processes, and to apply this knowledge to the practice in the industry. Addresses a conundrum: Academics lacking appreciation of industrial concerns and industrial chemists blaming academics for not teaching applied chemistry Connects theory as taught in academia with industrial practice Important material for all students considering a chemical career Preface Contents 1 Engineering projects 1.1 Process engineering activities 1.2 Realization of a plant 1.3 Cost estimation 2 Thermodynamic models in process simulation 2.1 Phase equilibria 2.2 φ
-φ-approach 2.3 γ
-φ-approach 2.3.1 Activity coefficients 2.3.2 Vapor pressure and liquid density 2.3.3 Association 2.4 Electrolytes 2.5 Liquid-liquid equilibria 2.6 Solid-liquid equilibria 2.7 φ
-φ-approach with gE mixing rules 2.8 Enthalpy calculations 2.9 Model choice and data management 2.10 Binary parameter estimation 2.11 Model changes 2.12 Transport properties 3 Working on a process 3.1 Flowsheet setup 3.2 Heat integration options 3.3 Batch processes 3.4 Equipment design 3.5 Troubleshooting 4 Heat exchangers 4.1 Something general 4.2 Shell-and-tube heat exchangers 4.3 Heat exchangers without phase change 4.4 Condensers 4.5 Evaporators 4.6 Plate heat exchangers 4.7 Double pipes 4.8 Air coolers 4.9 Fouling 4.10 Vibrations 5 Distillation and absorption 5.1 Thermodynamics of distillation and absorption columns 5.2 Packed columns 5.3 Tray columns 5.4 Comparison between packed and tray columns 5.5 Distillation column control 5.6 Constructive issues in column design 5.7 Separation of azeotropic systems 5.8 Rate-based approach 5.9 Dividing wall columns 5.10 Batch distillation 6 Two liquid phases 6.1 Liquid-liquid separators 6.2 Extraction 6.2.1 Mixer-settler arrangement 6.2.2 Extraction columns 6.2.3 Centrifugal extractors 7 Alternative separation processes 7.1 Membrane separations 7.2 Adsorption 7.3 Crystallization 8 Fluid flow engines 8.1 Pumps 8.2 Compressors 8.3 Jet pumps 8.4 Vacuum generation 9 Vessels and separators 10 Chemical reactions 10.1 Reaction basics 10.2 Reactors 11 Mechanical strength and material choice 12 Piping and measurement 12.1 Pressure drop calculation 12.1.1 Single-phase flow-through pipes 12.1.2 Pressure drops in special piping elements 12.1.3 Pressure drop calculation for compressible fluids 12.1.4 Two-phase pressure drop 12.2 Pipe specification 12.3 Valves 12.3.1 Isolation valves 12.3.2 Control valves 12.4 Measurement devices 13 Utilities and waste streams 13.1 Steam and condensate 13.2 Heat transfer oil 13.3 Cooling media 13.4 Exhaust air treatment 13.4.1 Condensation 13.4.2 Combustion 13.4.3 Absorption 13.4.4 Biological exhaust air treatment 13.4.5 Exhaust air treatment with membranes 13.4.6 Adsorption processes 13.5 Waste water treatment 14 Process safety 14.1 HAZOP procedure 14.2 Pressure relief 14.2.1 Introduction 14.2.2 Mass flow to be discharged 14.2.3 Fire case 14.2.4 Actuation cases 14.2.5 Safety valve peculiarities 14.2.6 Maximum relief amount 14.3 Explosions Glossary List of Symbols Bibliography