Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Remediation (Materials Today)

Description

Nanostructured materials, especially, 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures, and their engineered architectures are being increasingly used due to their potential to achieve sustainable development in energy and environmental sectors, providing a solution to a range of global challenges. A huge amount of research has been devoted in the recent past on the fine-tuning of nano-architecutres to accomplish innovations in energy storage and conversions, i.e., batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and electrochromic devices, bifunctional catalysts for ORR and OER, gas to fuels, liquid to fuels, and photocatalysts, corrosion, electrochemical sensors, and pollution and contaminants removal. Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Remediation describes the fundamental aspects of a diverse range of nanomaterials for the sustainable development in energy and environmental remediation in a comprehensive manner. Experimental studies of varies nanomaterials will be discussed along with their design and applications, with specific attention to various chemical reactions involving and their challenges for catalysis, energy storage and conversion systems, and removal of pollutants are addressed. This book will also emphasise the challenges with past developments and direction for further research, details pertaining to the current ground - breaking technology and future perspective with multidisciplinary approach on energy, nanobiotechnology and environmental science Cover Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Remediation Copyright List of Contributors Authors Biographies Preface Acknowledgments 1. Functional nanomaterial in energy and environmental science 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The applied functional material energy application 1.3 Importance of allotropes of carbon 1.3.1 Preparation and process of carbon nanomaterials 1.4 Application of functional nanomaterials 1.4.1 Surface functionalization in lithium-ion batteries 1.4.2 Supercapacitor 1.4.3 Solar cells 1.4.3.1 Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells 1.4.3.2 Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells 1.4.4 CO2 activation and hydrogen generation 1.4.5 Biosensor 1.5 Conclusion and future directions Acknowledgments References 2. Engineering nanoarchitectures for high performance solar cells 2.1 Modern generation solar cells and nanoarchitectures—Introduction 2.2 Synthesis of inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials—methods 2.3 Different morphologies of nanostructure and their influence in solar cells 2.4 Surface treatment and passivation of nanomaterials for highly efficient solar cells 2.5 Influence of ligand exchange and cation exchange in solar cells 2.6 Miscellaneous 2.7 Conclusion and future perspectives References 3. 2D structures for CO2 utilization 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Graphitic materials 3.3 Laminar oxides and hydroxides 3.4 Other families of 2D materials 3.5 Composite systems of 2D structures 3.6 Conclusions Acknowledgments References 4. Bifunctional nanocatalysts for water splitting and its challenges 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Basic principle of water splitting 4.3 Transition metal nanocatalysts for OER 4.3.1 Transition metal oxides 4.3.2 Layered double hydroxide 4.3.3 Metal chalcogenides 4.3.4 Metal pnictides 4.3.5 Alloys, intermetallics, and other materials 4.4 Transition metal nanocatalysts for electrochemical HER 4.4.1 Metal pnictides 4.4.2 Metal alloys 4.4.3 Metal chalcogenides 4.4.4 Metal borides and carbides 4.5 Overall water splitting 4.6 Universal pH catalysts 4.7 Mechanism of water splitting 4.8 Challenges associated with water splitting 4.9 Conclusions References 5. Nanostructured advanced materials for hydrogen storage 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Interaction of hydrogen with solid surfaces 5.3 Nanomaterials for hydrogen storage 5.4 Materials for hydrogen physisorption 5.4.1 Carbon nanostructures 5.4.2 Metal-organic frameworks 5.5 Hydrogen chemisorbing high-capacity systems 5.5.1 Binary hydrides 5.5.2 Complex hydrides 5.5.2.1 Alanates and borohydrides 5.5.2.2 Amide/Imide systems 5.5.3 Reactive hydride composites 5.5.4 Ammonia borane 5.6 Summary and outlook 5.7 Conclusion References 6. Advanced nanocatalysts for fuel-cell technologies 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Noble metal-based electrocatalysts 6.2.1 Pt—monometallic nanostructures 6.2.1.1 Pt nanowires 6.2.1.2 Pt nanotubes 6.2.1.3 Pt conical nanostructures 6.2.2 Pt-d block element–based bimetallic and trimetallic nanostructures 6.2.2.1 Pt core–shell/Pt skin–based structures 6.2.2.1.1 Synthetic methods for preparation of core–shell nanostructures 6.2.2.1.1.1 Au@Pt core–shell catalysts 6.2.2.1.1.2 Fe@Pt core–shell catalysts 6.2.2.1.1.3 Co@Pt core–shell nanostructured catalysts 6.2.2.1.1.4 Ni@Pt core–shell nanocatalysts 6.2.2.2 Nanowires and nanotubes 6.2.2.3 Nanoframe and nanocage hollow structures 6.2.2.4 Hyperbranched nanostructures 6.2.2.5 Cubic and octahedral nanocrystals 6.2.2.6 Hybrid nanostructures 6.2.2.6.1 Dumbbell-like nanostructures 6.2.2.6.2 3D flower-like nanocrystals 6.2.2.6.3 Dendrite-encapsulated nanoframes 6.2.2.6.4 Dendritic multiframes 6.3 Conclusion Acknowledgments References 7. Nanoscale materials with different dimensions for advanced electrocatalysts 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Introduction to nanodimensional materials and their applications 7.3 Advantages of nanodimensional electrocatalysts 7.4 Advanced electrocatalysts based on 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures 7.4.1 0D NDECs 7.4.2 1D NDECs 7.4.3 2D NDECs 7.4.4 3D NDECs 7.5 Conclusions and Perspectives Acknowledgments References 8. Nanomaterials for detection and removal of gases 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Detection of gas pollutants 8.2.1 Principle 8.2.1.1 Electrochemical sensors 8.2.1.2 Potentiometric sensors 8.2.1.3 Amperometric sensors 8.2.1.4 Semiconductor sensors 8.2.1.5 Photoionization sensors 8.2.1.6 Optical sensors 8.2.2 Detection of various gaseous pollutants by nanomaterials 8.2.2.1 Volatile organic compounds 8.2.2.2 Benzene, toluene, and xylene 8.2.2.3 Formaldehyde 8.2.2.4 Nitrogen oxides 8.2.2.5 Sulfur oxides 8.2.2.6 Hydrogen sulfide 8.2.2.7 Carbon monoxide 8.2.2.8 Ozone 8.3 Removal of gaseous pollutants 8.3.1 Photodegradation 8.3.2 Photodegradation using metal oxide frameworks 8.3.3 Adsorption 8.4 Technologies available for the detection and removal of gas pollutants 8.4.1 Cyclone separators 8.4.2 Electrostatic precipitators 8.4.3 Fabric filter 8.4.4 Wet scrubbers 8.4.5 Nonthermal plasma technology 8.5 Summary References 9. Nanoscale materials for the treatment of water contaminated by bacteria and viruses 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 Microbial toxicity mechanisms 9.2 Noble metal nanoparticles 9.2.1 Silver nanoparticles 9.2.2 Gold nanoparticles 9.3 Metal oxide nanoparticles used in water treatment 9.3.1 Titanium dioxide 9.3.2 Zinc oxide 9.3.3 Copper oxide 9.3.4 Aluminum oxide 9.3.5 MgO and CaO nanoparticles 9.4 Carbon-based nanomaterials 9.4.1 Carbon nanotubes 9.4.2 Carbon quantum dots 9.4.3 Graphene-based nanomaterials 9.5 Nanocomposite membranes used in water treatment 9.5.1 Antibacterial membranes with inorganic antibacterial agent 9.5.1.1 Silver-based antimicrobial membranes 9.5.1.2 Graphene-based antimicrobial membranes 9.5.1.3 Metal and metal oxide-based antimicrobial membranes 9.5.2 Antibacterial membranes with an organic antibacterial agent 9.5.2.1 Chitosan 9.5.2.2 Other organic antibacterial agents 9.6 Conclusion Abbreviations Acknowledgments References 10. Nano-based technologies for environmental soil remediation 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Nano zero-valent iron 10.3 Carbon-based nanomaterials 10.4 Nanomaterials based on metals and oxides 10.5 Polymer-based nanomaterials 10.6 Silica-based nanomaterials 10.7 Description of nano-based technologies for soil remediation 10.8 Limitations on the use of nanostructured materials in soil remediation 10.9 Cost 10.10 Conclusions Acknowledgments References 11. Summary and future perspectives of nanomaterials and technologies: special emphasis on energy and environment 11.1 General introduction 11.1.1 Effect of nanosize range 11.1.2 Evolution of nanoscience and technology 11.1.3 Applications of nanoscience and technology 11.2 Nanomaterials for sustainable energy 11.2.1 Sustainability through nanosize system 11.2.1.1 Energy conversion 11.2.1.2 Energy storage 11.2.1.3 Energy transfer 11.2.1.4 Energy uses 11.3 Nanomaterials for environmental remediation 11.3.1 Importance of nanomaterials in environmental remediation 11.3.1.1 Metal-based nanomaterials 11.3.1.2 Carbon nanomaterials 11.3.1.3 Some other nanomaterials such as nanoclays, nanomembrane and nanosponges 11.3.1.3.1 Nanoclays 11.3.1.3.2 Nanomembrane 11.3.1.3.3 Nanosponges 11.4 Concluding remark and future avenue Acknowledgment References Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z Back Cover