Philanthropy: from Aristotle to Zuckerberg

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Title Page Copyright Page Contents Introduction can the rich save the world? the anthropology of gift-giving the donor, the recipient and wider society just who do philanthropists think they are? english philanthropy and beyond Chapter 1: Two Visions of Philanthropy the greeks – philanthrôpía and honour the romans, aristotle, and the philanthropy of patronage the place of the poor in graeco-roman philanthropy the jews – giving in imitation of god philanthropy and the just society islam – philanthropy as social solidarity children of abraham Interview: Jonathan Sacks on Jewish philanthropy Chapter 2: The Foundations of Western Philanthropy jesus the jew – and the jesus of the gospels st paul – jewish sensibility and hellenistic thinking the arrival of rich christians almsgiving and christian identity philanthropists as lovers of the poor is almsgiving redemptive? Interview: Jonathan Ruffer on Christianity and giving Chapter 3: Medieval Charity the parish and its tithes the rise of the monasteries medieval islamic philanthropic institutions from ‘poverty of status’ to ‘poverty of ­possessions’ among medieval jews maimonides and the hierarchy of giving the twelfth-century renaissance – a new economy and a new theology reconciling medieval contradictions – gratian’s decretum the rights of the poor and the duty of the rich should the rich discriminate in their giving? rich and poor encompassed in a community of love Interview: Naser Haghamed on Islamic charity Chapter 4: How the Black Death Changed Everything did medieval philanthropy work in practice? the impact of the doctrine of purgatory on giving how the black death corrupted relations between rich and poor the death of feudalism and the rise of the beggar the church loosens its grip on philanthropy guilds and confraternities from flagellation to philanthropy a new philanthropic institution – the monte di pietà the arrival of the shamefaced poor the philanthropic legacy of the middle ages Interview: John Studzinski on art, religion and philanthropy Chapter 5: The Great Myth of the Reformation protestant propagandists new systems of poor relief the role of humanism the moral character of the poor the loss of the monasteries spin and statistics why the myth has persisted the truth about post-reformation philanthropy Interview: Rowan Williams on Christian philanthropy Chapter 6: The Business of the State the beggar in tudor propaganda vagrants and the threat of insurrection the explosion in poverty humanism and a new politics first attempts at a poor law the dissolution of the monasteries unexampled savagery and civic persuasion philanthropy versus taxation the towns take over from the monasteries civic philanthropy and private giving the elizabethan poor law the legacy of tudor philanthropy Interview: David Sainsbury on philanthropy, business and government Chapter 7: The Philanthropist as Activist the first english philanthropist the new philanthropy of the enlightenment william wilberforce and the philanthropist as ‘a man of feeling’ reforming the poor philanthropy by subscription benevolence and the national interest the backlash against do-goodery the philosophers of free-market philanthropy socialism – a radical alternative to philanthropy Interview: Bob Geldof on philanthropic activism Chapter 8: Victorian Virtues and Vices octavia hill and five-per-cent philanthropy robert owen and philanthropy without religion mixed motives and titus salt angela burdett-coutts and omnivorous victorian philanthropy science and punishment: the charity organisation society a new jewish philanthropy – frederic david mocatta quaker capitalism – how philanthropy changed business Interview: Trevor Pears on family philanthropy Chapter 9: Survival of the Fattest the road to becoming the richest man in the world captains of industry or robber barons? social darwinism and the gospel of wealth andrew carnegie’s callous contradictions family man philanthropy philanthropy’s shift to the arts the rise of the philanthropic foundation Interview: Rajiv Shah on the philanthropy of foundations Chapter 10: Cradle to Grave – Philanthropy and the Welfare State poor-to-poor philanthropy philanthropy’s partnership with the state volunteering – a great british tradition four models of philanthropy the philanthropic contradictions of thatcherism turning charities into agents of the state recovering the moral purpose of philanthropy finding a new balance Interview: Ian Linden on charity and the state Chapter 11: The Staggering Successes of Philanthrocapitalism the rise of the philanthrocapitalist this is your life philanthrocapitalism versus corporate social responsibility lessons philanthropy must learn from business bill gates and the last realm untouched by capitalism how the rich choose their charity philanthropy that changes lives Interview: Richard Branson on entrepreneurial philanthropy Chapter 12: The Serious Shortcomings of Philanthrocapitalism sesame street and metrics madness the philanthropist as dictator bill and melinda change their minds holding the super-rich accountable philanthropy and civil society Interview: Chris Oechsli on giving it all away Chapter 13: Philanthropy Goes Global the sackler saga and reputation laundering massive giving in an age of inequality how bill gates became the world’s biggest philanthropist gates and the dream of global health can philanthrocapitalism really save the world? philanthropic arrogance philanthropic colonialism philanthropic contradictions bill gates learns the limits of technology Interview: Ngaire Woods on philanthropy, aid and the global economy Chapter 14: Celebrity Philanthropy from audrey hepburn to angelina jolie the live aid dividend bob geldof – from charity to justice a call for bono – it’s the pope bob & bono – supping with the devil bono and fusion philanthropy ‘rock stars, is there anything they don’t know?’ Interview: Bob Geldof on philanthropy and political power Chapter 15: Geeks Bearing Gifts – Philanthropy and Politics what was decided at the secret meeting of the world’s richest men when philanthropy is good for business george soros – why all philanthropy is political private money and public elections mayor bloomberg – business, politics and philanthropy fake news and activist cinema global warning – philanthropy and climate change how the koch brothers financed climate-change rejection barracking obama the koch kickback philanthropists for trump a decade of delivery – or disaster Interview: Patrick Gaspard on political philanthropy Chapter 16: Is Philanthropy Bad for Democracy? philanthropy and power should the taxpayer subsidize philanthropy? the case for tax reform the dangers of plutocracy philanthropy and inequality why is philanthropy not narrowing the gap between rich and poor? philanthropy and justice ‘just stop talking about philanthropy – and start talking about taxes’ the magic porridge pot overflows the redemption of philanthropy how philanthropy can strengthen democracy Interview: Eliza Manningham-Buller on accountability Chapter 17: Effective Altruism – What Could be Wrong with That? the geeks inherit the earth flexible giving – or tax scam? two ways forward for philanthropy the man who gave his kidney away ‘why a banker is better than an aid worker’ what’s wrong with effective altruism? effective altruists have second thoughts the follies of philosophy Interview: Lenny Henry and Kevin Cahill on public philanthropy Chapter 18: How Philanthropy Can Recover its Lost Soul another way crowdfunding and the democratization of philanthropy the best of both worlds can philanthropy be both strategic and reciprocal? learning to listen – and listening to learn how much should you leave to your children? will the zuckerbergs learn the lessons of the past? Epilogue: Philanthropy after the Pandemic from america first to china first the alternative – rethinking a better world order Notes introduction (pages 1–17) chapter 1: two visions of philanthropy (pages 18–49) chapter 2: the foundations of western philanthropy (pages 50–78) chapter 3: medieval charity (pages 79–124) chapter 4: how the black death changed everything(pages 125–168) chapter 5: the great myth of the reformation (pages 169–199) chapter 6: the business of the state (pages 200–236) chapter 7: the philanthropist as activist (pages 237–283) chapter 8: victorian virtues and vices (pages 284–333) chapter 9: survival of the fattest (pages 334–374) chapter 10: cradle to grave: philanthropy and the welfare state (pages 375–413) chapter 11: the staggering success of philanthrocapitalism (pages 414–453) chapter 12: the serious shortcomings of philanthrocapitalism (pages 454–475) chapter 13: philanthropy goes global (pages 476–513) chapter 14: celebrity philanthropy (pages 514–546) chapter 15: geeks bearing gifts: philanthropy and politics(pages 547–605) chapter 16: is philanthropy bad for democracy? (pages 606–659) chapter 17: effective altruism – what could be wrong with that? (pages 660–705) chapter 18: how philanthropy can recover its lost soul (pages 706–734) epilogue - philanthropy after the pandemic (pages 735–743) Sources Further Reading general introduction chapter 1: two visions of philanthropy chapter 2: the foundations of western philanthropy chapter 3: medieval charity chapter 4: how the black death changed everything chapter 5: the great myth of the reformation chapter 6: the business of the state chapter 7: the philanthropist as activist chapter 8: victorian virtues and vices chapter 9: survival of the fattest chapter 10: cradle to grave: philanthropy and the welfare state chapter 11: the staggering successes of philanthrocapitalism chapter 12: the serious shortcomings of philanthrocapitalism chapter 13: philanthropy goes global chapter 14: celebrity philanthropy chapter 15: geeks bearing gifts: philanthropy and politics chapter 16: is philanthropy bad for democracy? chapter 17: effective altruism – what could be wrong with that? chapter 18: how philanthropy can recover its lost soul Picture Credits first set of illustration plates: second set of illustration plates: Acknowledgements Index