Photothermal Nanomaterials

Description

The exploration of photothermal nanomaterials with high light-to-heat conversion efficiency has paved the way for practical applications, including in cancer therapy, environmental remediation, catalysis, imaging and biomedicine. Covering the photothermal effect of different categories of light-absorbing nanomaterials, and focusing on metallic nanomaterials, 2D materials, semiconductors, carbon-based nanomaterials, polymeric nanomaterials and their composites, chapters in this book provide a systematic summary of recent advances in the fabrication and application of photothermal nanomaterials, discussing advantages, challenges and potential opportunities. This text will be a valuable resource for scientists working on photothermal nanomaterials, as well as those interested in the applications across chemistry, biomedicine, nanotechnology and materials science. Cover Preface Chapter 1 Introduction to Photothermal Nanomaterials 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Photothermal Conversion Mechanism 1.2.1 Plasmonic Localized Heating of Metals 1.2.2 Electron–Hole Generation and Relaxation of Semiconductors 1.2.3 HOMO–LUMO Excitation and Lattice Vibration of Molecules 1.3 Classification of Photothermal Materials 1.3.1 Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures 1.3.2 Semiconductors 1.3.3 Carbon-based Materials 1.3.4 Polymer-based Materials 1.4 Applications of Photothermal Materials 1.4.1 Photothermal Therapy 1.4.2 Photothermal Sterilization 1.4.3 Solar-driven Water Evaporation 1.5 Summary and Outlook References Chapter 2 Engineered Gold Nanoparticles for Photothermal Applications 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Physical Mechanism 2.2.1 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance 2.2.2 Plasmonic Heating 2.2.3 Au for Plasmonic Heating 2.3 Classification Framework 2.3.1 Length Scale 2.3.2 Anisotropy 2.3.3 Material Complexity 2.3.4 Classification of Hybrid Gold Nanoparticles 2.4 Applications 2.4.1 Biomedical Applications 2.4.2 Nanofabrication 2.4.3 Solar Steam Generation 2.4.4 Catalysis 2.4.5 Thermophoresis 2.4.6 Functional materials 2.5 Conclusions and Outlook References Chapter 3 Branched Metallic Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties, and Photothermal Applications 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Strategies for the Synthesis of Anisotropic Branched Metallic Nanostructures 3.2.1 Seeded Growth 3.2.2 Seedless Growth 3.2.3 Templated Growth 3.2.4 Chemical Etching 3.2.5 Green Synthesis 3.3 Optical and Photothermal Properties 3.3.1 Nanoflowers, Nano- urchins, and Nanodendrites 3.3.2 Nanocrosses 3.3.3 Nanohexapods 3.3.4 Other Branched Metallic Nanostructures with Strong NIR Absorption 3.4 Applications of Branched Metallic Nanocrystals in Photothermal Therapy (PTT) 3.4.1 Cancer Management 3.4.2 Bacterial and Biofilm Treatment 3.5 Conclusion, Perspective, and Outlook References Chapter 4 Metal–Oxide Semiconductor Nanomaterials for Photothermal Catalysis 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Overview of Photothermally-enhanced Catalysis 4.3 Semiconductor Nanomaterials as the Photothermal Catalyst 4.3.1 Material Selection 4.3.2 Bandgap Engineering 4.3.3 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) Effect 4.3.4 Size and Shape Effect 4.3.5 Hybrid Structures 4.4 Photothermal Catalytic Applications 4.4.1 CO2 Conversion 4.4.2 Fischer–Tropsch Process 4.4.3 NH3 Synthesis 4.5 Outlook References Chapter 5 Copper Sulfide-based Nanomaterials for Photothermal Applications 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Synthesis of Copper Sulfide-based Nanomaterials 5.2.1 Cu2 xS Nanostructures 5.2.2 Copper Sulfide-based Nanocomposites 5.3 Applications in Photothermal Therapy (PTT) 5.3.1 Cancer Therapy 5.3.2 Cancer Theranostics Acknowledgements References Chapter 6 Two-dimensional Nanomaterials and Hybrids 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Preparation and Functionalization of 2D Nanomaterials 6.3 Graphene 6.3.1 Modified Graphene 6.3.2 Nano- hybridized Graphene 6.3.3 Graphene-based Films, 3D Structures, and Devices 6.4 TMD Nanosheets 6.4.1 MoS2 Nanosheets 6.4.2 MoSe2 and MoTe2 Nanosheets 6.4.3 WS2 and WSe2 Nanosheets 6.4.4 Other TMD Nanosheets 6.5 Black Phosphorus Nanosheets 6.5.1 Surface-modified BP Nanosheets 6.5.2 Au Nanostructure- hybridized BP Nanosheets 6.5.3 BP Nanosheets Hybridized with Other Species Beyond Au 6.6 Summary and Outlook References Chapter 7 Polymer–Quantum Dot Hybrid Materials 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Structures, and Properties 7.2.1 General Synthetic Routes for Quantum Dots 7.2.2 Band Structures and Optical Properties 7.2.3 Biocompatible Polymer-decorated Quantum Dots 7.3 Strategies for Encapsulating Quantum Dots with Organic Polymers 7.3.1 Ligand Exchange Between the Original Ligand and the Polymer 7.3.3 ''Grafting from'' Procedure 7.3.4 Capping Polymer onto Quantum Dots 7.3.5 Growth of QDs Within a Polymer 7.4 Photothermal Applications of Polymer- decorated Quantum Dots 7.4.1 Photothermal Therapy 7.5 Conclusions References Chapter 8 Near- infrared Upconversion Nanomaterial-mediated Photothermal Conversion for Various Applications 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Chemical Synthesis of Upconversion Nanostructures 8.2.1 UCNPs 8.2.2 Upconversion Core–Shell Nanostructures 8.3 UCNP-based Photothermal Materials for Various Applications 8.3.1 UCNP Photothermal Materials 8.3.2 UCNP Hybrid Photothermal Materials 8.4 Outlook and Prospects Abbreviations References Chapter 9 Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) for Photothermal Therapy 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 Photothermal Therapy 9.1.2 Photothermal Agent 9.1.3 COFs in PTT 9.2 PTT with COFs 9.2.1 Combined PTT with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) 9.2.2 PTT with Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) 9.2.3 Theranostics with PTT, PDT, and PAI 9.3 Inorganic Material-doped COFs 9.3.1 Fe3O4@COF 9.3.2 COF Metalation with 9.3.3 COF–CuSe Nanocomposites 9.3.4 COF–Ag2Se Nanocomposites 9.3.5 MnO2/Zn COF @Au& BSA Nanosheets 9.3.6 Carbon Material-doped COFs 9.4 Other 9.5 Summary References Chapter 10 Carbon-based Nanomaterials 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Photo-thermal Catalytic Conversion 10.1.2 Photothermal Seawater Desalination 10.1.3 Photothermal Therapy 10.1.4 Photoacoustic/Fluorescence Imaging 10.1.5 Others 10.2 Conclusion References Chapter 11 Photothermal Nanomaterials for Oncological Hyperthermia 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Recent Development of Photothermal Nanomaterials for Oncological Hyperthermia 11.3 Advantages of Photothermal Nanomaterials for Oncological Hyperthermia 11.4 Challenges in Photothermal Nanomaterials for Oncological Hyperthermia 11.5 Safety and Toxicity of Photothermal Nanomaterials 11.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects References Subject Index