ENGLISH

The mRNA Metabolism in Human Disease

By Luísa Romão

Book information

Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Year
2019
ISBN
978-3-030-19965-4, 978-3-030-19966-1
Language
english
Format
PDF
Filesize
4 MB (3995527 bytes)
Series
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1157
Edition
1st ed. 2019
Pages
IX, 180\185
Time added
2020-02-08 04:41:10
Biomedicine; Human Genetics; Cancer Research; Mole

Description

The eukaryotic gene expression pathway involves a number of interlinked steps, with messenger RNA (mRNA) being the key intermediate. The precursor mRNA is transcribed from DNA, processed by removal of introns and addition of the cap structure and the poly(A) tail. The mature mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein and finally degraded. In this process, mRNA is associated with RNA-binding proteins forming ribonucleoprotein complexes, whose protein content evolves throughout the lifetime of the mRNA. While the complexity of eukaryotic gene expression allows the production of proteins to be controlled at many levels, it also makes the process vulnerable to errors. Although eukaryotic cells have evolved elaborate mRNA quality control mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of gene expression, some defects are not detected, thus affecting mRNA metabolism. This condition plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of several disease processes, such as neurodegeneration and oncogenesis. Besides, exciting recent data have shown that cellular RNAs can be modified post-transcriptionally via dynamic and reversible chemical modifications, the so-called epitranscriptome. These modifications can alter mRNA structure, being able to modulate different steps of the mRNA metabolism that can be associated with various human diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer. This book provides a collection of novel studies and hypotheses aimed to define the pathophysiological consequences of altered mRNA metabolism events in human cells, and is written for a wide spectrum of readers in the field of gene expression regulation. The last chapter highlights how the discovery of disease-causing defects (or modifications) in mRNA can provide a variety of therapeutic targets that can be used for the development of new RNA-based therapeutics. Hopefully, it may also contribute to inspire the drug-developing scientific community. Front Matter ....Pages i-ix Networks of mRNA Processing and Alternative Splicing Regulation in Health and Disease (Peter Jordan, Vânia Gonçalves, Sara Fernandes, Tânia Marques, Marcelo Pereira, Margarida Gama-Carvalho)....Pages 1-27 The Diverse Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Glioma Development (Mitzli X. Velasco, Adam Kosti, Luiz O. F. Penalva, Greco Hernández)....Pages 29-39 Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay in Development, Stress and Cancer (Rafael Fernandes, Gonçalo Nogueira, Paulo J. da Costa, Francisco Pinto, Luísa Romão)....Pages 41-83 The Implication of mRNA Degradation Disorders on Human DISease: Focus on DIS3 and DIS3-Like Enzymes (Margarida Saramago, Paulo J. da Costa, Sandra C. Viegas, Cecília M. Arraiano)....Pages 85-98 Translational Regulation by Upstream Open Reading Frames and Human Diseases (Joana Silva, Rafael Fernandes, Luísa Romão)....Pages 99-116 Alternative Mechanisms of mRNA Translation Initiation in Cellular Stress Response and Cancer (Rafaela Lacerda, Juliane Menezes, Marco M. Candeias)....Pages 117-132 RNA Therapeutics: How Far Have We Gone? (Maria Francisca Coutinho, Liliana Matos, Juliana Inês Santos, Sandra Alves)....Pages 133-177 Back Matter ....Pages 179-180

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