Sociological Theory

Description

Cover Contents Preface Chapter 1: Introduction: Origins of Sociological Theory From Speculative to Definitive Age of Enlightenment The Revolutions Organic Analogy and Evolutionism Basic Ideas of Sociological Theory Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 2: Karl Heinrich Marx (1818–83) A Biographical Sketch Materialist Conception of History Against Crude Materialism Dialectics Laws of Dialectics Metaphors of Base and Superstructure Stages of History A Pre-Class System or A Stage of Primitive Communism Asiatic Societies Ancient Society Feudal Society Capitalist Society Theory of Capitalism Commodity Labour Theory of Value Commodity Fetishism Surplus Value Accumulation Process Crisis of Capitalism Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 3: Emile Durkheim (1858–1917) A Biographical Sketch Social and Intellectual Influences Method of Study Rules for Sociological Study Explanation, Causality and Comparative Method Mechanical and Organic Solidarity Conscience Collective: Crime and Punishment Abnormal Forms of Division of Labour Sociology of Suicide Typology of Suicide Egoistic Suicide Altruistic Suicide Anomic Suicide Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 4: Max Weber (1864–1920) A Biographical Sketch Intellectual Background Method of Sociology Verstehen Sociology Value-Freedom (Werturteilsfreiheit) Understanding Explanation (Vertehendes Erklaren) Social Action Ideal Types Rationality Role of Ideas in History Spirit of Capitalism The Protestant Ethic Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 5: Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923) A Biographical Sketch Social and Intellectual Influence Society in Equilibrium Non-logical Action Elite Theory: Circulation of Elites Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 6: Functional School of Thought Intellectual Influences on Functionalism Herbert Spencer Emile Durkheim The Anthropological Tradition Talcott Parsons Social Action Theory System Analysis Functional Requisites Pattern Variables Functional Imperatives Robert King Merton (1910–2003) Critique of Orthodox Functionalism Theories of the Middle Range An Alternative Paradigm for Functional Analysis Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 7: Conflict Theory Karl Marx Max Weber George Simmel Lewis Coser (1913–2003) Social and Intellectual Influences Functional-conflict Theory Beyond Organismic Analogy C. Wright Mills (1916–62) Social and Intellectual Influence Power Intellectual Craftsmanship Ralph Dahrendorf Against the Equilibrium Model Imperatively Coordinated Associations and Conflict Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 8: Symbolic Interactionism Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929) Looking-glass Self George Herbert Mead: A Brief Biography and Influences The Social The Mind The Self Development of the Self: ‘I’ and ‘Me’ Social Experience and the Act Herbert Blumer (1900–87) Symbolic Interactionism as a Perspective Erving Goffman (1922–82) A Brief Biographical Sketch Stable Self-Image Technique of Dramaturgy Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 9: Social Exchange Theory Intellectual Roots George C. Homans (1910–89) A Biographical Sketch and Intellectual Influences Human Behaviour in Homan’s Scheme Success Proposition Stimulus Proposition Peter Blau (1918–2002) A Brief Biographical Sketch Sociological Theory and Social Exchange Group Formation and Cohesion Complex Organization and Bureaucracy Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 10: Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology Edmund Husserl A Biographical Sketch and Influences Early Phenomenology: Facts and Essences Phenomenological Method Alfred Schutz (1899–1959) Biography and Influences Beyond Weber’s notion of social action Peter Ludwig Berger (1929–) A Biographical Sketch and Influences Social Reality: A Form of Consciousness Harold Garfinkel (1917–2011) A Biographical Sketch And Influences Problem of Order Tools of Ethnomethodology Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 11: Critical Theory Intellectual and Social Background Culture Industry Georg Lukacs (1885–1971) Max Harkheimer and Theodor Adorno Short Biographies Critique of Science and Reason Adorno on Culture Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979) A Biographical Sketch Critical Theory Alienating Technology Jurgen Habermas (1929) A Biographical Sketch and Influences Critique of Culture and Communicative Action On Rationality Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 12: Post-modern Theory and Post-structural Sociology Daniel Bell’s Post-industrial Society Post-modern Theory Basic Themes in Post-modern Thought Michel Foucault (1926–84) Jacques Derrida (1930–2004) Jean-Francois Lyotard (1924–98) Knowledge and Post-modern Condition Zygmunt Bauman (1925– ) Modernity and Ambivalence Jean Baudrillard (1929– 2007) Post-modernity and the Age of Simulation Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) Symbolic Capital Habitus and Practice Summary Key Words Glossary Discussion Points Chapter 13: Conclusion Individual and Society Summary Bibliography Index