Embedded Systems Design Using the Mps430fr2355 Launchpad

Description

This textbook for courses in Embedded Systems introduces students to necessary concepts, through a hands-on approach. LEARN BY EXAMPLE – This book is designed to teach the material the way it is learned, through example. Every concept is supported by numerous programming examples that provide the reader with a step-by-step explanation for how and why the computer is doing what it is doing. LEARN BY DOING – This book targets the Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller. This platform is a widely popular, low-cost embedded system that is used to illustrate each concept in the book. The book is designed for a reader that is at their computer with an MSP430FR2355 LaunchPadTM Development Kit plugged in so that each example can be coded and run as they learn. LEARN BOTH ASSEMBLY AND C – The book teaches the basic operation of an embedded computer using assembly language so that the computer operation can be explored at a low-level. Once more complicated systems are introduced (i.e., timers, analog-to-digital converters, and serial interfaces), the book moves into the C programming language. Moving to C allows the learner to abstract the operation of the lower-level hardware and focus on understanding how to “make things work”. BASED ON SOUND PEDAGOGY - This book is designed with learning outcomes and assessment at its core. Each section addresses a specific learning outcome that the student should be able to “do” after its completion. The concept checks and exercise problems provide a rich set of assessment tools to measure student performance on each outcome. Preface Why Another Book on Embedded Systems? How to Use This Book Additional Resources References Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Contents 1: Introduction to Embedded Systems 1.1 What Is an Embedded System? References 2: Digital Logic Basics 2.1 Number Systems 2.1.1 Positional Number Systems 2.1.1.1 Generic Structure 2.1.1.2 Decimal Number System (Base 10) 2.1.1.3 Binary Number System (Base 2) 2.1.1.4 Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16) 2.1.2 Base Conversion 2.1.2.1 Converting to Decimal 2.1.2.2 Converting from Decimal 2.1.2.3 Converting Between 2n Bases 2.1.3 Binary Arithmetic 2.1.3.1 Addition (Carries) 2.1.3.2 Subtraction (Borrows) 2.1.4 Unsigned and Signed Numbers 2.1.4.1 Unsigned Numbers 2.1.4.2 Signed Numbers (Two´s Complement) 2.1.4.3 Arithmetic with Two´s Complement 2.2 Combinational Logic 2.2.1 Basic Gates 2.2.2 Boolean Algebra 2.2.3 Combinational Logic Synthesis 2.2.3.1 Canonical Sum of Products 2.2.3.2 Canonical Product of Sums 2.2.3.3 Logic Minimization in SOP Form 2.2.3.4 Logic Minimization in POS Form 2.2.3.5 Don´t Cares 2.2.3.6 Identifying XOR Gates in K-Maps 2.2.4 MSI Logic 2.2.4.1 Decoders 2.2.4.2 Encoders 2.2.4.3 Multiplexers 2.2.4.4 Demultiplexers 2.2.4.5 Adders 2.2.4.6 Subtractors 2.3 Sequential Logic 2.3.1 Sequential Logic Storage Devices 2.3.1.1 The Cross-Coupled Inverter Pair 2.3.1.2 The SR Latch 2.3.1.3 The S´R´ Latch 2.3.1.4 SR Latch with Enable 2.3.1.5 The D-Latch 2.3.1.6 The D-Flip-Flop 2.3.1.7 Registers 2.3.2 Finite State Machines 2.3.2.1 Describing the Functionality of a FSM 2.3.2.2 State Diagrams 2.3.2.3 State Transition Tables 2.3.2.4 Logic Synthesis for a FSM 2.3.2.5 State Memory 2.3.2.6 Next State Logic 2.3.2.7 Output Logic 2.3.2.8 The Final Logic Diagram 2.3.2.9 FSM Design Process Overview 2.3.2.10 FSM Design Example: Simple Control Unit 2.3.2.11 FSM Design Example: 2-Bit Up Counter 2.3.2.12 FSM Design Example: 2-Bit Binary Up/Down Counter 2.4 Memory 2.4.1 Memory Terminology 2.4.2 Memory Architecture 2.4.3 Memory Technologies 2.4.3.1 Masked Read Only Memory (MROM) 2.4.3.2 Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) 2.4.3.3 Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) 2.4.3.4 Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) 2.4.3.5 FLASH Memory 2.4.3.6 Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) 2.4.3.7 Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) 2.4.3.8 Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM) Reference 3: Computer Systems 3.1 Computer Overview 3.2 Computer Hardware 3.2.1 Program Memory 3.2.2 Data Memory 3.2.3 Central Processing Unit 3.2.3.1 Control Unit 3.2.3.2 Registers 3.2.3.3 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 3.2.4 Input/Output Ports 3.2.5 Bus System 3.3 Computer Software 3.3.1 Classes of Instructions 3.3.1.1 Data Movement Instructions 3.3.1.2 Data Manipulation Instructions 3.3.1.3 Program Flow Instructions 3.3.2 Op-codes and Operands 3.3.3 Program Development Flow References 4: The MSP430 4.1 MSP430 Hardware Overview 4.1.1 Word Vs. Byte Memory Access 4.1.2 Program Memory 4.1.3 Data Memory 4.1.4 Central Processing Unit 4.1.4.1 Registers 4.1.4.2 ALU 4.1.5 Input/Output Ports & Peripherals 4.1.5.1 Digital I/O 4.1.5.2 Serial I/O 4.1.5.3 Timers 4.1.5.4 Analog to Digital Converter 4.1.5.5 Digital to Analog Converters 4.1.5.6 Clock System 4.1.5.7 Power Management Module 4.1.6 Bus System 4.1.7 MSP430 Part Numbering 4.2 MSP430 Software Overview 4.2.1 The MSP430 Instruction Set 4.2.2 Word (.W) Vs. Byte (.B) Operations 4.2.3 The TI Code Composer Studio Development Environment 4.3 MSP430FR2355 LaunchPad- Development Kit References 5: Getting Started Programming the MSP430 in Assembly 5.1 The Anatomy of an Assembly Program Filed 5.1.1 Instruction Statements 5.1.2 Assembler Directives 5.1.3 Miscellaneous Syntax Notes 5.1.3.1 Identifiers 5.1.3.2 Sections 5.1.3.3 Case Sensitivity 5.2 Your First Program: Blinking LED 5.3 Using the CCS Debugger 5.3.1 Resume, Terminate, and Suspend 5.3.2 Breakpoints 5.3.3 Viewing Register Contents 5.3.4 Viewing the Contents of Memory 5.3.5 Stepping Your Program References 6: Data Movement Instructions 6.1 The MOV Instruction with Register Mode (Rn) Addressing 6.2 The MOV Instruction with Immediate Mode (#N) Addressing 6.3 The MOV Instruction with Absolute Mode (&ADDR) Addressing 6.4 The MOV Instruction with Symbolic Mode (ADDR) Addressing 6.5 The MOV Instruction with Indirect Register Mode (@Rn) Addressing 6.6 The MOV Instruction with Indirect Autoincrement Mode (@Rn+) Addressing 6.7 The MOV Instruction with Indexed Mode (X(Rn)) Addressing Reference 7: Data Manipulation Instructions 7.1 Arithmetic Instructions 7.1.1 Addition Instructions 7.1.2 Subtraction Instructions 7.1.3 Increments and Decrements 7.2 Logic Instructions 7.3 Bit Set and Bit Clear Instructions 7.4 Test Instructions 7.5 Rotate Operations Reference 8: Program Flow Instructions 8.1 Unconditional Jumps and Branches 8.2 Conditional Jumps 8.2.1 Carry-Based Jumps 8.2.2 Zero-Based Jumps 8.2.3 Negative-Based Jumps 8.2.4 Overflow-Based Jumps 8.3 Implementing Common Programming Constructs in Assembly 8.3.1 Implementing While() Loop Functionality 8.3.2 Implementing For() Loop Functionality 8.3.3 Implementing If/Else Functionality 8.3.4 Implementing Switch/Case Functionality in Assembly 8.4 Flow Charts Reference 9: Digital I/O 9.1 The MSP430 Digital I/O System 9.1.1 Port Direction Registers (PxDIR) 9.1.2 Port Input Registers (PxIN) 9.1.3 Port Output Registers (PxOUT) 9.1.4 Port Pull-Up or Pull-Down Resistor Enable Registers (PxREN) 9.1.5 Port Function Select Registers (PxSEL1 and PxSEL0) 9.1.6 Digital I/O Enabling After Reset 9.1.7 Using Literal Definitions from the MSP430.H Header File 9.2 Digital Output Programming 9.3 Digital Input Programming References 10: The Stack and Subroutines 10.1 The Stack 10.2 Subroutines Reference 11: Introduction to Interrupts 11.1 The Concept of an Interrupt 11.1.1 Interrupt Flags (IFG) 11.1.2 Interrupt Priority and Enabling 11.1.3 Interrupt Vectors 11.1.4 Operation of the STACK During an IRQ 11.1.5 Interrupt Service Routines (ISR) 11.1.6 Nested Interrupts 11.1.7 Interrupt Servicing Summary 11.1.8 MSP430FR2355 Interrupts 11.2 MSP430FR2355 Port Interrupts References 12: Introduction to Timers 12.1 Timer Overview 12.2 Timer Overflows on the MSP430FR2355 12.3 Timer Compares on the MSP430FR2355 12.4 Creating Pulse Width Modulated Signals Using Timer Compares 12.5 Timer Captures on the MSP430FR2355 References 13: Switching to the C Language 13.1 Basics of C Programming on the MSP430 13.1.1 While() Loops in C 13.1.2 For() Loops in C 13.1.3 If/Else Statements in C 13.1.4 Switch/Case Statements in C 13.1.5 Arithmetic Operators in C 13.1.6 Bitwise Logic Operators in C 13.2 Digital I/O in C 13.3 Interrupts in C 13.4 Timers in C References 14: Serial Communication in C 14.1 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) 14.1.1 The UART Standard 14.1.2 UART Transmit on the MSP430FR2355 14.1.3 UART Receive on the MSP430FR2355 14.2 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 14.2.1 The SPI Protocol 14.2.2 SPI Master Operation on the MSP430FR2355 14.2.2.1 Transmitting Data as the SPI Master 14.2.2.2 Receiving Data as the SPI Master 14.2.3 SPI Slave Operation on the MSP430FR2355 14.2.3.1 Transmitting Data as a SPI Slave 14.2.3.2 Receiving Data as a SPI Slave 14.3 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Bus 14.3.1 The I2C Protocol 14.3.2 I2C Master Operation on the MSP430FR2355 14.3.2.1 Writing Data as an I2C Master 14.3.2.2 Reading Data as an I2C Master 14.3.3 I2C Slave Operation on the MSP430FR2355 References 15: Analog to Digital Converters 15.1 Analog to Digital Converters 15.2 ADC Operation on the MSP430FR2355 References Appendix: Concept Check Solutions Index