The Palgrave Handbook of Educational Leadership and Management Discourse

Description

This Handbook explores the discourse within the field of educational leadership and management. It provides a clear analysis of the current field as well as older foundational ideas and newer concepts which are beginning to permeate the discussion. The field of educational leadership and management has long acknowledged that educational contexts include a variety of leaders beyond school principals and other school officials such as informal and middle level leaders. By looking at the knowledge dynamic rather than a static knowledge base , this Handbook allows research to be presented in its multidimensional, evolving reality. Preface References Contents About the Editor-in-Chief Contributors Part I: Foreword 1 Educational Leadership in Uncertain Times: A Foreword Part II: Introduction: About the Foucauldian Lens 2 The Archaeology of Educational Leadership as an Enunciative Field Introduction Foucault´s ``Methods´´ Archaeology Discourse Educational Leadership as Discourse Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References Part III: The Landscape of Leadership 3 A History of Leadership Thought Introduction Complicity with the Label of the Day Leading as Organizing Implications for Leadership Thought Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References 4 Leadership, Leaders, and Leading Introduction Content Myths as Metaphors and Metaphors as Myths Disruptions Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References 5 The Rise of the Global Education Industry: A Discursive Account Introduction Seeing the Patterns Governance Human Capital The Enterprise Form Untangling the Lines The Apparatus of Marketization: Buying and Selling School Education The Apparatus of Economization: Privileging the Economic Purposes of Education The Apparatus of Commercialization: Schools as Markets Conclusion and Reflections References 6 Governing the International University Introduction Problematizing International Education in Japan Fukushima: A Loss of Faith Situating the Internationalization of Australia´s Universities A Crisis of Global Proportions: Universities and COVID 19 Critique as a Leadership Conclusion and Reflections References 7 Devolution, Disruption, and Denigration Introduction The Evolution of Education Markets in the United States Origins of the Education Market The Beginnings of the Education Marketplace in America The Making of an American Education System The Progressive Era Post-War Period Contemporary Thinking on the Education Markets Educational Leadership in the Contemporary Marketplace Accountability Regimes: Performance-Based Funding Accountability Regimes: Rankings Intermediaries, New Philanthropy, and Neoliberal Reforms in Education Conclusions and Reflections References 8 Demystifying Rural School Leadership Introduction Demystifying Rural School Leadership Rural Foundations and the Urban Challenge A Brief History of the Rural Status Rural Schools as a Problem School Leadership as Increasingly Challenging and Complex What We Know to Do: School Leadership Standards Emerge The ``Know to Do´´ Versus ``How to Apply´´ Gap of Rural School Leadership The Big Picture Impact of the Institutional and National Cultural Context Community, School Improvement, and Personal Contexts as Accelerators Community Context School Improvement and Personal Contexts Leveraging School Culture in the Rural Setting Conclusions and Reflections Demystifying Rural Leadership is Grounded in Context and Culture References 9 `The Next Big Thing´: A Delineation of `Fads´ and `Fashions´ Introduction Knowledge Production in the Field of Educational Leaders, Leading, and Leadership Innovation in the Field of Educational Leaders, Leading, and Leadership Laboring innovations Working on Innovations Actively Innovating Activist Natality Conclusion and Reflections References 10 Troubling Intersectionality for Visible Leadership Introduction Foucault´s Archaeology of Knowledge An Analysis of Intersectionality Using Foucault´s Archaeology of Knowledge 1900s: Social Activism as the Foundation of Intersectionality Twentieth Century: The Legal Perspective of Intersectionality Twenty-First Century: Many Disciplines/Many Definitions Rewriting the Narrative: A Corrective Project Critical Movements (Mis)Appropriation Identity Politics Travelling Theory Studying Leadership Using Intersectionality: A Critical Approach Leadership Discourse A Discourse of White Male Knowing and Gender-Neutral Paradigms That Exclude Intersectionality as a Feminist Critique Conclusions and Reflections References Part IV: Theorizing Leadership 11 Postmodernism: Structured Doubt Within Leadership Certainties Introduction Educational Administration: A Continuing Quest for Identity, Legitimacy and Hegemony Postmodernism´s Most Powerful Analytical Tool: Deconstruction The Promise of Postmodernism to Restructure Existing Leadership Field Architectonics Conclusions and Reflections References 12 Transformative Leadership Theory: Critical, Comprehensive, and Activist Introduction The Roots of Transformative Leadership Transformational Versus Transformative Leadership Early Conceptions of Transformative Leadership Paulo Freire Jack Mezirow William Foster Transformative Leadership Theory Two Principles of Transformative Leadership Eight Interrelated Tenets TLT: A Comprehensive Theory Widespread Influence of TLT Conclusion and Reflections References 13 An Etymology of Feminist Theory in Educational Administration Introduction Conceptualizations of Feminism Feminist Methodologies and/or Pedagogies ``Big Ideas´´ of Feminism Topical Focus and Contexts of Research Resistance to Feminism Conclusions and Reflections References 14 Constructivist Leadership Introduction The Roots of Constructivist Thinking The Trunk: The Major Forms of Constructivist Thinking Psychological Constructivism: Moderate and Radical Social Constructivism: Moderate and Radical Radical Social Constructivism - A Major Threat to the Assumed Objectivity of Science and Mathematics The Branches and Leaves of Constructivism Leadership and Constructivism Chester Barnard Lambert et al.: Relationships Trust: Bryk and Schneider The Tri-Partite Theory of Organizational Change and Succession: Wilson, Byar, Shapiro, and Schell The Leader as a Change Agent/Facilitator Developing Reforms and Systems to Generate Change in the Organization Summary, Conclusions, and Implications References 15 Variegated Perspectives Within Distributed Leadership: A Mix(Up) of Ontologies and Positions in Construct Development Introduction Leadership and Distributed Thinking The Origins and Emergence of Distributed Leadership Etymological Origins of ``Distributed´´ and ``Leadership´´ Contemporary Origins of Distributed Leadership Origins Outside of ELMA The Pre-millennium Emergence of Distributed Leadership in ELMA Foundational Keystones and a Diverging View The Variegated Perspectives of Distributed Leadership Across ELMA Possible Paths of Future Knowledge Development Practice Theory and Process Ontology Returning to Where It Started: Group Research Making Connections with Other Post-Heroic Variants Conclusions and Reflections References 16 Mindful Leadership: A Way of Being Under Construction Introduction The Origins of Mindful Leadership Mindful Leadership in Business Mindful Leadership: Library Science Mindful Leadership: Medicine Mindful Leadership: Education Conclusion and Reflections References Further Reading 17 Leader Centric Versus Leader Relational Introduction The Evolutionary Social Power Theory of Michael Mann The Stages of Social/Political Development What Mann´s Model Demonstrates Some Contemporary Issues Conclusions and Reflections References 18 Marx, Weber, and the Twin Leadership Dilemmas Introduction Marx on Alienation Weber on Bureaucratization Alienation and Bureaucracy in Concomitance Predicates for a Theory of Democracy Conclusions and Reflections References 19 Grassroots Leadership Models Introduction What It Means to be a Grassroots Leader How Grassroots Leaders are Distinguished From Leaders in Roles of Authority How Assumptions Regarding Grassroots Leadership have Evolved The Importance of a Cause to Create a Movement Elements of Grassroots Leadership that can be Transferred to Educational Leadership Conclusions and Recommendations References 20 The Role of Prototypicality in Educational Leadership Introduction The Role of Prototypicality in Leadership Leader Prototypes and Leader Effectiveness in Educational Organizations Schools with Multiple Leadership Prototypes Schools with a Dominant Leadership Prototype Leader Prototypes and Leadership Preparation Conclusion and Reflections References 21 A Genealogical Analysis of Charisma in Leadership Introduction The Problem with Charisma The Roots of Charisma The Trunk: The Major Conceptualizations of Charisma in Leadership Weberian Charisma Charisma, Psychologized Charisma in Early Educational Leading Charisma as Integral to, Yet Concealed Within Transformational Leadership The Branches and Leaves of Charismatic Leadership De-charismatization: We Don´t Need Another Hero De-charismatization: The Bureaucratization of Schools Re-charismatization: In Politics Re-charismatization: In Education Practice Re-charismatization: In Education Research Re-charismatization: Beyond Education Conclusion and Reflections References 22 Parallel Leadership: A Leadership Approach for Organizational Alignment Introduction Exploring the Concept: Initial Explanation Research on Leadership for Sustainable Improvement Parallel Leadership: Current Status System-School Alignment The Effective School Leader in Action. The Maturing of Parallel Leadership Conclusion and Reflections References Part V: Interrogating the Logic of Leadership Practice 23 Zombie Notions of Leadership Introduction Status Quo-Oriented Zombies Personality-Driven Zombies Perspective-Challenged Zombies Implications Conclusions and Reflections References 24 The Social Construction of Leadership Power Introduction Governmentality Power Truth Regimes Intelligibility Australia As a Case for Inquiry The Background Trajectory of Changing Narratives Western Australia ``bucking´´ the Trend The Death Rates Different Mentalities of Governing Conclusion and Reflections References 25 Leadership As Artistic Practice and Connoisseurship Introduction Portraits of Leaders and Leadership in the Ancient World Portraits of Leaders and Leadership in Renaissance Times The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: The Decline of Leadership, the Heyday of Scientific Management, and the Rise of School... The Rise and Rise of Scientific Management Turnings in the Development of the Field Aesthetics As a Framework to Restore the Individual in a Reconsideration of Leadership Conclusion and Reflections References 26 When Best Practices Are Neither Best nor Discerned Introduction Chapter Content: Best Practice and Common Personhood Dewey´s Argument Against the Quest for Perfect Certainty Beliefs Formed Through the Apprenticeship of Observation Beliefs Formation and the Fidelity of Implementation A Semiotic View of Best Practice, Fixation of Belief, and Genuine Doubt Navigating Complex Educational Systems It´s a Systems Thing, Not a Single Thing Conclusion and Reflection: Practice-Based Evidence Within a Culture of Discernment References 27 The Worldwide Specter of Neoliberalism and the ``Neoliberalization´´ of Educational Leaders Introduction Rationality, technologies, and the ``Specter´´ of Neoliberalism Neoliberal Governmentality and an Illusory Freedom Unsettling Possibilities: The Process of Neoliberalization Struggle Tactics: Stepping into the Undefined Work of Freedom Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References 28 Refocusing Educational Practice Through an Ethic of Care Introduction: An Overview Some Reasons for a Lack of Ethical Discourse in Schools Why Teaching Is an Ethical Social Practice Based on Care Understanding the Concept of Care Within an Ethic of Care Issues of Justice Moral Development Within an Ethic of Care The School as an Ethical Learning Community An Action Research Framework Based on the Key Dimensions of Case Personal and Interpersonal Competencies Being Responsive Taking Responsible Action Being Critically Reflective Conclusions and Reflections References 29 The Dilemmas of Leadership in the Iron Cage Introduction Institutional Environments of Schools Types of Environmental Pressures Leadership Dilemmas in the Iron Cage Dilemma 1: Producing Uniform Student Outcomes Despite Highly Variable Student Differences and Needs Dilemma 2: Competing Rather Than Collaborating with Peers Dilemma 3: Leading Without Constructing Leadership Appropriate for School Contexts Dilemma 4: Pressures of Principalship Allowing Little Space and Time for Leadership Conclusions and Reflections References 30 Fantasy Leadership and the Reality of Practice Introduction Social Constructionism and the Value of a Dialectic The Brain, the Mind, and the Body in Real Leadership Practice The Neurobiology of the Brain-Mind-Body Leadership Connection Leadership, Resiliency, and Stoicism Resiliency and Grit Stoicism Noise and Toxicity: A Look at the Neurobiology of Stoic Leadership Fantasy Leadership, Real Leadership Skills, and the Stoic Mind Conclusions and Reflections Appendix A Hallmarks of Fantasy and Real Leadership References 31 The Changing Nature of School Supervision Introduction Supervision Scientific Period - 1900s to End of World War II, 1945 Humanistic Period - 1950s to the 1980s Accountability Period - 1990s to Present Day Conclusions and Reflections Cross-References References 32 Exploring the Dynamism in the Leader/Follower Dyad Exploring the Dynamism in the Leader/Follower Dyad Examining the Leadership/Followership Dynamic and Models of Followership Military Models Business Models Educational Models Ethics and Followership Behavior Conclusions and Reflections References 33 African American Women Superintendents Foucault´s Frame Introduction Historical Context Present-Day Context Out with the Old (Memory) Servant Leadership and Spirituality (Presence) Social Change and Activism (Concomitance) Transformational and Transformative Leadership Transformational, Transformative Change Agent for Equitable Education Conclusions and Reflections References 34 Re-thinking Education Business Leadership and Its Purposes Introduction The Rise of the School Business Leader Leadership and Positioning Impact Looming Issues Professionalization Succession and Renewal School Governance Business Backlash Conclusion and Reflections References 35 Performance Appraisal and Performance-Based Pay in Universities Introduction Origins of Performance Appraisal Definitions and Theoretical Insights Informing Performance Appraisal Influence of Human Relations Theory Sociological Insights: Power as a Central Concept Insights from Cognitive Science and Neuroleadership Performance Appraisal in Australian Universities Accountability Versus Development Performance Pay in Universities What Can Be Done About Performance Appraisal? Academic Managers Hold the Key Micropolitical Strategies and Suggestions Limitations of Performance-Based Pay Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References 36 Dilemmas of Educational Financing in an Age of Privatization Introduction Foundations of Choice and Privatization Impact of Privatization on Traditional Public School Finance Lack of Regard for State Constitutions and Blaine Amendments Laws which Contain Little or no Accountability in Fund Usage Promise of Savings but Escalating Costs Instead Removal of Visible Dependence on Property Taxes Volatile Revenue Stream Split Revenue Stream and Cuts to Traditional Public Education Virtual School Programs which Are Nearly Completely Unregulated Acceptance of Federal and State Funds While Actively Discriminating Privatization Within Traditional School Districts Conclusions and Reflections References 37 Emotions and Leading Schools in Troubled Times Introduction COVID-19 Pandemic Systemic Racism Voter Suppression Police Brutality Homelessness Studying Emotions Emotions and School Leaders The Emergence of Emotional Intelligence (EI) The Next Development in Emotional Intelligence Self-Awareness Self-Management Social Awareness Relationship Management The Influence of Stress The Power of Emotional Leaders The Development of a Conceptual Model Conclusion and Reflections References 38 Deconstructing Strategic Planning Introduction The Early Years Facts Strategic Planning Critical Perspectives Run Up to No Child Left Behind Facts Professional Learning Communities Perceived Benefits of Strategic Planning Perceived Benefits of Professional Learning Communities Critical Perspectives Following No Child Left Behind Facts Criticisms for Implementing Strategic Planning Criticisms for Implementing Professional Learning Communities Critical Perspectives Retain, Revise, or Retire? Facts Critical Perspectives Too Soon to Retire Retain as Is Rationale for Revision Conclusion and Reflections References Part VI: Leadership, Teaching, and Learning 39 LGBTQ+ Leaders in Thought and Practice: Portraits of Courage and Change Introduction Portraits of Change and Possibility: Honoring Queeroes of Praxis and Scholarship Conclusion and Reflections References 40 Towards Ubiquitous Learning in a Transnational Educational System Introduction Current Bureaucratic Education Cannot Deliver the Results We Need A Global Twenty-First Century Educational System Adaptation A Transnational Learning System The Individual Marketplace in a Transnational Educational System The Development of an Independent Learner A Transnational Learning Archetype Ubiquitous Learning in a Transnational Educational System Adaptation and Innovation: Slow Adoption A Transnational Marketplace or Government-Structured Educational System Conclusions and Reflections References 41 Integrative STEM Education and Leadership for Student Success Introduction Reverse Engineering Integrative STEM Education Tracing Philosophical Contexts Shifting to Learning by Doing Exploring the Ambiguity of STEM Education Shifting Leaders to Integrative STEM Education Embedding Integrative STEM Education in Schools Conclusions and Reflections References 42 A Foucauldian Analysis of Teacher Standards Introduction Dominant Discourses About Quality, Teachers, and Standards Teacher Quality Teacher Standards The Neoliberal Ecology of Teacher Standards Teacher Standards and Technical Rationality Problematizing Teacher Standards A Foucauldian Analysis of Teacher Standards Normalization Power Through Discourse Pastoral Power The Relationship of Power to Ethics Care of the Self Concerning Desire and Power Seduction Teacher Professionalism Driven by an Audacious Reflexivity Conclusions and Reflections References 43 The Evolution of Response-to-Intervention Explanations Introduction Philosophical Roots of Response to Intervention and Disability Initial Emergence of RTI and Shifts From Emerging Innovation to Established Practice: Continuities and Disruptions in Discourse and Practice Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References 44 The Principal and the Student: Uncovering the Power and Potential of Meaningful Interpersonal Connections National Perspectives Introduction The Historical Place of the Principal-Student Relationship Establishing a Profession and a Growing Divide Baby Steps: Toward a More Student-Centered Principal School Discipline: A Brief Overview Historical Summary The Principal-Student Relationship in Contemporary Contexts Defining the Principal-Student Relationship Scholarship and Standards: Supporting and Promoting the PSR Positive and Caring School Leadership Professional Standards and the PSR Conclusions and Reflections Cross-References References 45 Theorizing for Equity: Critical Approaches to Curricular Decision-Making Introduction: A History of Curricular Decision-Making in the United States Persistent and Problematic Tenets of Curricular Decision-Making Critical Assumptions and Contentious Crossroads Interdisciplinary Futurities of Curricular Decision-Making Conclusions and Reflections Practical Implications for Curriculum (Re)Development Resources for Consideration References 46 A Deep Dive into Sustainability Leadership Through Education for Sustainability Introduction Sustainability Discourses Weak and Strong Sustainability The Anthropocene Education for Sustainability Education About the Environment Education in the Environment Education for the Environment EfS and Systems Thinking A Persistent Problem: Learning for Individual Behavioral Change Versus Learning for Social Change EfS: Where to from Here? Emerging Discourses to Amplify Human/Nature Discourses Rights and Justice Discourses Children and Young People First Nations Peoples Non-Western Cultural Traditions Learning for Leadership Conclusions and Reflections References 47 Examining the Limits of What Schools Can Do to Reduce Peer Cyberbullying Introduction History of the Word Cyberbullying Controversy in Defining the Behavior of Cyberbullying Prevalence Consequences Theoretical Perspectives School Leadership Practices at Present School Policies Legal Solutions Programs Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References Part VII: Leadership, Policy, and Politics 48 The Teacher as Union Member and Professional Educator: The Continuing Challenge of Bread and Butter and Professionalism Introduction What Is a Professional? Unions and the Rise of the NEA and the AFT The Rise of the NEA and the AFT: Association or Union? Public Sector Industrial Unionism: The Organizing Principle Us and Them Policy Restrictions The Union Member and the Professional: Research on Teacher Perceptions The Profession and the Union The Work of the Union Teaching and the Contract Short Answer Prompt #1: Unions Support Professionalism in the Following Ways Protection Advocacy Support Prompt #2, Unions Harm Professionalism in the Following Ways Blind Protection Work of the Union Divisiveness The Union Label Conclusions and Reflections References 49 Choice and the End of the Dream of the Common School Introduction Education Before the Common School Era The History of the Common School Historical Challenges to the Common School Irish Catholics and the Common School Black and African Americans School Choice and Contemporary Challenges to the Common School Magnet Schools, Charter Schools, and the School Choice Movement Toward the Future and the Continuation of the Dream of the Common School Conclusions and Reflections References 50 The Corporatization of Educational Management The Foucauldian ``Enunciative Field´´ Introduction A Description of School Districts and School Leaders University Preparation Programs University Course of Study in Educational Management Challenges to the Hegemony of University Preparation Programs Running a School Like a Business in the Push to Advance Globalization Edison Schools American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) Neoliberalism and the Reduction of the Role of Government The World Bank and Globalization Peter Drucker and Educational Management Conclusions and Reflections References 51 The So-Called Death of Common Core: Discourses on a Backlash Introduction Competing and Entangled Policy Agendas: Equity and Excellence Federalism: The Tug of War Over Constitutional Authority Sociopolitical Beliefs: Individualism versus the Common Good Conclusions and Reflections References 52 Public School Charters: An Incendiary Topic of Political Discourse Introduction Framing the Charter Debate Description of Salient Terms Authorizer Charter Charter School School Choice Traditional Public School History and Growth of Charter Schools Charter School Option, Record, and Discord ``Charter and Choice´´ in Theory Versus Practice Virginia´s Charter School Approval and Context Charter School Advocacy and Opposition Charter Advocacy Charter Opposition Conclusion and Reflections References 53 The Global Challenge of Educational Reform Introduction The Origins and Outlines of Educational Reform The Global Challenge of Educational Reform Sense-Making Scale Structure Conclusions and Reflections References 54 The Intervention of Paradox in the Constitutive Politics of School Leadership Introduction Critical Deployment of a Paradox Interpretive Lens Epistemological Paradox Finding Other Ways of Thinking and Talking: The Paradox of Team Belonging Meaning and Distinction Resisting Closure: Paradox, Dilemma, and Antinomy Dealing with Antinomy: The Paradox of Stability and Transformation The Dialectic Revealing Multiple and Competing Viewpoints: Leader/Follower Paradoxes Post-Structural Threads and Rhetorical Resources Paradox and Discourse Detecting a More Ambiguous Authority: The Paradox of Politicized Subjectivity The Primacy of Contradiction Seeing Contradiction and Complexity: The Paradox of Choice and Equity Responding to the Doxa Complicating a Cemented-In Orthodoxy: The Paradox of Policy Implementation Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References 55 The Micropolitics of Workplace Mobbing Introduction An Overview of Mobbing Toward a Micropolitical Theory of Mobbing Borrowing from Stephen J. Ball: Insights into Micropolitics, Managerialism, and Markets The Micropolitics of Workplace Mobbing: An Exploration Generating and Harnessing Precarity: Using Mobbing as Technology of Social Control Fostering and Leveraging Unfairness: Mobbing, Microaggression, and Deniability Precarity and Microaggressions: Mobbing, Minoritization, and Marginalization Threats to Fairness: Elaborating the Moral Technology Conclusions and Reflections Mobbing in Reforming Educational Settings: More than Coincidence Mobbing, Minoritizaiton, and Marginalization: Radical Possibilities inferred from Mouffe The Political Utility of Mobbing References 56 Neoliberalism, Education Policy, and Leadership Observations Introduction Globalization Free Market Economics The Role of the State Neoliberalism Origins Neoliberalism in Education Who Is Leading Education? Misguided Education Policy The Disappearance of Equity A Changed Social Psyche Conclusions and Reflections References 57 Foucault´s Governmentality and Educational Leadership Discourses Introduction Foucault, Governmentality, and the Analytics of Government Governmentality and Educational Leadership Discourses: Distributed Leadership as a Regime of Government, an Assembling Process... Exploring the Mechanisms of Neoliberal Governance in Educational Leadership Distributed Leadership as a Technique and Rationality of Government The ``Problematics of Government´´ in Distributed Leadership Discourse Challenges to the Implementation of Distributed Leadership: A Focus on the Multifarious Practices of Government Conclusion and Reflections References 58 Transgressions of Church and State Introduction Ye Old Deluder Satan A Historical Wall of Separation Legal Discussions on Matters of Church and State The Marriage of Religion and Politics Implications for Educational Leadership Future Conflict Involving Religion and Public School Conclusions and Reflections Cross-References References 59 An Archaeology of Postcolonial Discursive Strategies: Studies in Governmentalities of Education Introduction The Effects of Colonizations An Overview of Postcolonial Critiques Mind and Identity Formation Knowledge Traditions/Curricular Content Social Interaction and Roles Organizational and Social Institution Levels Decolonization Conclusion and Reflections References 60 Centrism and the Policy Praxis of Modern Whitehall Mandarins Introduction Research and the Model Illustrative Vignettes Pragma-Centrism Retro-Centrism Ideo-Centrism Meta-Centrism Exo-Centrism Conclusions and Reflections References 61 Confronting Forms of Sexual Violence in Schools: De-Constructing Policy Paradoxes Introduction Teen Dating Violence Social Norms and TDV Teen Bullying, Harassment, and TDV Policies, Practices, and Resources Title IX State- and Local-Level Mechanisms to Address TDV Best Practice in TDV Prevention: Recommendations for Leadership Conclusions and Reflections Cross-References References Part VIII: Leadership and Social Justice 62 The Politics of Distance Education: A Tangled Web of Values Introduction: Politics as Values and Value Conflicts The Field of Memory: The Monolith of Distance Education The Field of Presence: Values, Value Conflicts, and Institutional Logics of Distance Education Distance Education and Access to Education as an Institutional Logic or Political Value Distance Education and Educational Quality as an Institutional Logic or Political Value Distance Education and Educational Costs as an Institutional Logic or Political Value The Field of Concomitance: The Institutional Illogics of Distance Education Neoliberalism, Academic Capitalism, and Distance Education Technological Solutionism and Distance Education Credentialism and Distance Education Conclusion and Reflections Coda: Remote Learning and the Covid-19 Pandemic Cross-References References 63 Social Justice Leadership: Disrupting Power, Oppression, and Uplifting Marginalized Communities Introduction Social Justice in Education Critical Theory, Power, Discrimination, and Oppression Conceptualizing Educational Leadership for Social Justice Privilege and Positionality in Educational Leadership for Social Justice Intersectionality and Social Justice Social Justice Leadership and Complimenting Fields Anti-racist Theories in Education Critical Race Theory Feminist Theories Queer Theory Conclusion and Reflections References 64 Communities, Change, and Social Justice Introduction Foundations of Engagement and Service-Learning Definitions and Terminology Civic Engagement and Education Pedagogical Approaches High Impact Practices Participation Rates Research-Based Outcomes Liberal Education Versus Neoliberalism Contemporary Challenges Conclusion and Future Actions Cross-References References 65 Racial Inequality in K-12 Schools and Implications for Educational Leadership Introduction Foucault´s Methodology The Field of Memory The Field of Presence The Field of Concomitance Conclusion and Reflections References 66 LGBTQ+ Communities and US K-12 Schools Introduction Windows v. Mirrors Teaching LGBTQ+ History Conclusions and Reflections References 67 Asian Americans in Education Introduction Who Counts as ``Asian American´´? Limits of Categorization Asian Americans in Education Heterogeneity Beyond Categories Case Study: Categorical Shifts in Washington State Conclusions and Reflections References Further Reading 68 The Intersectionality of Race, Gender, and Education on Black Girls in K-12 Schools Introduction The Construct of Childhood/the Destruction of the School Experience Understanding the Disconnect for Black Girls Race and Gender Identity Struggle Adultification Unseen Racial Traumas Exclusionary Discipline Practices Recommended Alternatives to Harsh Discipline Conclusions and Reflections References 69 Braiding Indigenous and Racialized Knowledges into an Educational Leadership for Justice Introduction Weaponizing Education to Serve Colonial Ambitions The Colonial Antecedents of Educational Leadership A Knowledge Base that Reifies Neocolonialism Disrupting Discursive Eurocentric White Knowledges Recognizing the Centrality of Race in Educational Leadership A Critical Race Theory Analysis of Educational Leadership Eurocentric Whiteness and Educational Leadership Eurocentrism Whiteness Amplifying the Effects of Eurocentrism and Whiteness Decolonizing Educational Leadership Creating Space Braiding Indigenous and Racialized Knowledges with Anti-Oppressive Western Knowledges Indigenous Epistemologies Racialized Epistemologies Anti-Oppressive Westernized Epistemologies Toward Braiding Braiding Knowledges Conclusion and Reflections References 70 Black Bodies and the Role of Schools in Sex Trafficking Prevention Introduction Colonial Body Politics: A History of the Fetishization and Hypersexualization of Black Women Racial Disparities Among Sex Trafficking Survivors: The Vulnerability of Black Female Youth Sex Trafficking Prevention Efforts and Barriers Within the US Educational System Conclusions and Reflections: Combatting Racial Discrimination as Trafficking Prevention Cross-References References Part IX: Leadership and Culture 71 Justice, Public Scholarship, and Improvement Inquiry in the Practice of Educational Leadership Introduction Framing Justice Public Scholarship When the Knowing Is Not Enough (Non Satis Scire) Improvement Inquiry The Normative Shift: From Reform to Improvement A Reform Paradigm Performance Management Evidence-Based Practice School-Based Learning Communities An Improvement Paradigm: Six Principles The Six Principles Design-Based Implementation Research Reframing Practice as Argumentation The Elements of an Argument Conclusions and Reflections References 72 The Cultural Constructions of Leadership Cultural Constructions of Leadership Introduction Cultural Constructions of Leadership - Construction 1: José Vasconcelos, Race, and Nation-Making Cultural Constructions of Leadership - Construction 2: Clara Isela Gómez Rosales Construction 3: The Organisation of Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) Construct 4: México´s Democratic Teachers: La CNTE Conceptualizing the Cultural Construction of Leadership as Contested Space and a Site of Struggle Conclusions and Reflections References 73 African American Administrators´ Leadership Practices As Forms of Resistance Introduction An Explanation of Resistance Pre-Brown in the US South Segregation Pre- [Continued into] Post-Brown Resistance to Brown Leadership Styles Urbanicity Gender Race, Gender, and Urbanicity Conclusions and Reflections References 74 The Emergence of Culturally Responsive Leadership Introduction Emergence of Discourse that Promotes Culturally Responsive Leadership Culturally Relevant Pedagogy Culturally Responsive Teaching Culturally Responsive Leadership Critical Self-Awareness Culturally Responsive Curricula and Teacher Preparation Culturally Responsive and Inclusive School Environments Engaging Students and Parents in Community Contexts Explaining Culture Conclusions and Reflections References 75 Authentic and Inauthentic Constructions of Islamic Educational Administration and Leadership Introduction The Problems The Islamic Intellectual and Valuational Foundation Modern Islamic Educational Administration and Leadership Conclusion and Reflections References 76 Educational Issues of Indigenous Peoples: Past, Present, and Future Snapshots Introduction Snapshot of the Past United States: Forcible Colonial Schooling Canada: Forcible Colonial Schooling Australia: Forcible Colonial Schooling Snapshot of the Present Snapshot of the Future Conclusion and Reflections References 77 Leadership Challenges with Multicultural Schools Introduction Multicultural Schools Leadership for Multicultural Schools Policy Challenges Challenges Related to Cultural Diversity Curricular Challenges Administrative Challenges Operational Challenges Conclusions and Reflections References 78 Overcoming Invisibility: The Systemic Need to Recognize Indigenous People in Educational Spaces Introduction Curricula Based on False Narratives Perpetuate Misconceptions Flawed Curricula Inflicts Harm upon Learners and Society Psychological Invisibility False Curricula Harm Dominant Cultures Strategies to Recognize and Include Indigenous People in Education Visibility in Standards and Curriculum Development Authentic Voices and Multiple Perspectives De-Mythologizing Through Inquiry Teacher Professional Development and Training Conclusion and Reflections References 79 A Foucauldian Analysis of Culturally Relevant Educational Leadership for Refugees as Newcomers Introduction Reframing Culturally Relevant and Socially Just Leadership for Refugees: A Foucauldian Analysis Enunciative Fields in SJL and CRL Frameworks Epistemologies, Social Fabric, and Commitments Conclusion and Reflections References 80 Informational Grounds as the Locus of Dignity for Immigrant Students Introduction Policy, Politics, and the Narration of Immigration Immigrant Students Dignity and Inclusive Leadership Information Grounds Information Grounds, Dignity, and Immigrant Students Geographic Information Grounds Practical Information Grounds Cultural Information Grounds Social Information Grounds Institutional Information Grounds Conclusions and Reflections References Part X: Leadership and Research 81 Transcending National Boundaries: How Five Educational Leaders Rethought Poverty and Access to Education Introduction Muhammad Yunus Paulo Freire Tsunesaburo Makiguchi Fredrich Froebel Maria Montessori Conclusions and Reflections References 82 The Search for Science and Scientific Standing Introduction Epistemology and Terminology Systems Theory From Systems Theory to Leadership Against any Science of Administration Science, Evidence-Based Research, and Leadership Effect Size Evidence Evidence from Experimental Research Designs Evidence from Ex Post Facto Research Designs Fitting Data to Curves Toward a Coherentist Science of Educational Administration and Leadership Conclusions and Reflections References 83 The Use of Statistics in Leadership Research: Advances in the Field Introduction Traditional Hypothesis Testing Methods Effect Sizes Data Mining and Machine Learning Linear Discriminant Analysis Generalized Additive Models Classification and Regression Trees Random Forests Neural Networks Bayesian Statistical Analysis Causal Inference Multilevel Modeling Conclusions and Reflections References 84 The Rise and Fall of Evidence-Based Research Introduction Background Gonski Review in Australia Certainty and Predictability Rather than Uncertainty History of the Call for Evidence-Based Practice 1995-2010 in the UK Policy Context in Australia Teacher Professionalism The Effective Teacher: Standards and Competences The Reflective Teacher The Enquiring Teacher The Transformative Teacher The Dominance of the Effective Teacher Double Transformation Critique of Evidence-Based Practice Comparison to Medicine Professional Judgment and Practical Epistemology The Practical Roles of Educational Research Possibilities of Research-Informed Practice Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References 85 Finding and Promoting Effective Leaders Introduction Effective Leadership The Importance of School Leadership Preparation and Development Programs Limitations and Criticisms of Preparation Programs The United States Other Countries International Study of Principal Preparation 7 Systems Leadership Study (7SLS) Indonesia Russia Malaysia Australia Changing Nature of Preparation Programs Internships, Coaching, and Mentoring Internships Coaching and Mentoring Talent Management Examples of Successful Implementation of Talent Management Grow Your Own Progress to Date Identifying and Assessing Effective Leaders Summary of Delphi Process Conclusions and Reflections References 86 History of the Field of Special Education Introduction History of US Special Education Litigation History of US Special Education Legislation Advocacy and Support for Children with Disabilities Research and Training Special Education Professionals Multi-tiered Systems of Support The Individualized Education Program (IEP) and Inclusive Education Conclusions and Reflections References 87 Accountability and Assessment Introduction Methodology: Discourse and Archaeology An Archaeological Excavation of School Assessment in the US Between ``Exhibition´´ and ``Examination´´: Complexities of Emulation Pencil and Paper Exams: Moving Beyond Social Impression (Re)assessing American Schooling: Utilitarian Suggestions to Reclaim Power Resistance, Cheating, and Statistics Standards and Control Glossy Statistics Novel Forms of Assessment Reproductive Power: Contemporary State Mechanisms of Control and the Rise of Edu-Business Assessment Reflections in Philanthropic/Reformer Initiatives Intensification of Power Relations and Control Concluding and Reflections References 88 Assessment, Accountability, and Contextualization Introduction Foucault´s Methodology The Field of Memory The Field of Presence Field of Concomitance Conclusions and Reflections Cross-References References 89 International Perspectives on Successful School Leadership Introduction The Search for School Effectiveness Interest in Successful School Leadership Two Major Short-Term Studies on Successful School Leadership Major Long-Term International Studies on Successful School Leadership Other Reviews of Successful School Leadership Other Research Conclusions and Reflections Commentary from Drysdale Effective and Successful Schools and Effective and Successful School Leadership Sustainability of Success Leadership and Context Summary References Part XI: Leadership Preparation 90 Is a Science of Educational Leadership Possible? An Explanation Under the Following Headings Introduction The Meanings of ``Science´´ Toward an Understanding of EA as an Applied Science Conclusion and Reflections Cross-References References 91 National Leadership Standards and the Structured Silence of White Supremacy Introduction Historical Context of National Standards Historical Context on National Standards in Educational Leadership Discontinuities and Ruptures: Misnomers, Lies, and the Counternarrative: A Case for CRT The Necessity of Criticality Within National Educational Leadership Standards Conclusions and Reflections References 92 Life Writing, Biography, and the Making of Educational Leaders Introduction Conclusions and Reflections References 93 Challenging Leadership Norms: A New Way of Thinking About Leadership Preparation Introduction Changes in Schools: Leadership Opportunities in Contemporary Educational Settings Changes in Teachers´ Roles: The Rise of Teacher Leadership Changes in Initial Teacher Education: Attracting Teachers to the Profession Leadership Learning in Initial Teacher Education Examples of Leadership Learning in Initial Teacher Education Conclusions and Reflections References 94 Mentoring for Women Academics: What Works Introduction Mentoring: Three Broad Categorizations What Is Mentoring: Some Definitional Considerations Theoretical Insights Pertaining to Women and Mentoring Homosocial Reproduction or Homophily Relational Cultural Theory Governmentality Formal Mentoring Programs for Women in Universities Women´s Underrepresentation Benefits of Mentoring Challenges of Mentoring What Type of Mentoring Is Needed for Women in the Academy? Is Sponsorship the New Answer? Conclusions and Reflections References 95 Issues and Decision Points with Online Leadership Preparation Introduction Online Learning: Fad or Requirement? Why Go Online, and What Are the Benefits to Students? Greater Accommodation of Some Special-Need Student Populations Greater Attention to Netiquette in Written Communication Laying the Groundwork: Funding and Technology Issues The Importance of Structuring Effective Online Instruction: Implementing Best Practices Creating Online Content Supervising Effective Curricular Design and Pedagogy Awareness of Online Learning Supervision of Online Faculty Preparing and Recruiting Online Faculty: Skills and Dispositions Planning Necessary Support Services for Students and Faculty Technology Support Curricular Design Support Library Support Administrative Support Other Critical Issues in Evaluating Online Faculty Performance Evaluating the Effectiveness of Online Programs: Does Delivery Modality Affect Student Assessment Results? Sharing Results and Lessons Learned with Key Stakeholders Continuing to Be a Positive Change Agent in Online Instructional Initiatives and What Is Known About Leaders Who Effectively M... Trust and Credibility Respect for Dissent A Shared Sense of Purpose Conclusions and Reflections References 96 Realizing the Promise of Black Critical Pedagogy Introduction The Two CRT Frameworks Critical Race Theory Culturally Relevant Teaching Connecting the Dots: Understanding the Premises of Both CRTs and the 1619 Project Reenvisioning K-12 Education with a Critical Black Pedagogy Focus Postracial Discourse Black Lives Matter in the Context of Education Leadership Implications Conclusion and Reflections References 97 A Principal-School Counselor Relational Leadership Model to Improve Student Mental Well-Being Introduction Tracing Theories and Developments Theoretical Frame: Relational Leadership Literature Review School Counselors´ Role in Promoting Student Mental Health Principals´ Role in Promoting Student Mental Health Multitiered System of Supports, and Comprehensive School Counseling, as a Framework for Collaboration and Relational Leadership Discussion Social and Emotional Learning and Pre- and In-Service Training Course Content for Pre- and In-Service Principals and School Counselors Training to Support Collaboration for Multitiered System of Supports and Comprehensive School Counseling Call to Action Conclusions and Reflections References 98 Caring School Leadership Introduction Caring School Leadership Origin Stories of Approaches to Caring Leadership Caring Leadership and Organizational Perspectives Critical Caring: Leadership for Social Justice Perspectives Conclusion and Reflections Joining Conceptions Caring as an Ethical Stance Interpersonal Relationships: Foundations of Care References 99 Moving Toward International Perspectives on the Preparation of Education Leaders Standards 1990s-2020 International and the West Where Has the Creative and Imaginative Leader Gone in Research? Conclusions and Recommendations Cross-References References 100 Mitigating the Impact of Brown with New Pathways for Black Teachers and Principals Introduction The Consequences of Brown on Black Teachers The Consequences of Brown on Black Principals The Current State of Black Principals and Teachers The Complex Road to the Principalship Shifting from Pipelines to Pathways Edgecombe County High School Scholars Program Call Me MiSTER The Aspiring Principals Program Guilford Aspiring Leaders Academy Conclusions and Reflections References 101 Sustaining a Vision to Reclaim Educational Reform Introduction Field of Memory Field of Presence Field of Concomitance Field of Memory Field of Presence Field of Concomitance Field of Memory Field of Presence Field of Concomitance Field of Memory Field of Presence Field of Concomitance Field of Memory Field of Presence Field of Concomitance Conclusion and Reflections References Index