Consumers and Nanotechnology: Deliberative Processes and Methodologies

Description

This book presents findings from EU (and other) projects on the theme of science in society, focusing on nanotechnology and the potential for democratisation of science. It is based on hands-on studies of a set of deliberative processes analysed by the European Commission's FP7 NANOPLAT project. With added material in the second edition, the book gives a unique insight into the development of deliberative processes on nanotechnology from the start in June 2004 in Denmark up to the present. The analysis is based on an observation of 'generations' of deliberations and it develops the third-generation deliberation, first theoretically and then gets to test it out empirically under the NanoDiode project. In addition, it presents a version of Callon's 'hybrid forum', called HF 2.0, and compares this approach to the deliberations. In light of the RRI approaches, the new concluding chapter considers the potential for a more democratic science through public engagement. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Outline of the Book Part I Science and Democracy 1. Emerging Technologies, Deliberations, and Democracy 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Studies of Science 1.3 Nanotechnology in Society 1.4 Engagement 'Market' 1.5 Deliberative Democracy and Governance 2. Overview of a Set of Deliberative Processes on Nano 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Major Findings from Reviews 2.2.1 Initiation 2.2.2 Organisation 2.2.3 Content 2.2.4 Participation 2.2.5 Reasoned Process 2.2.6 Results 2.3 General Conclusions Part II Citizen-Oriented Deliberative Processes Introduction to Part II 3. Citizens' Nano Conference in Denmark 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Description of the Process 3.3 Review of the Process 3.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives 3.3.2 Organisation 3.3.3 Participation 3.3.4 Results of the Process 3.4 Deliberation Criteria 3.5 Summarising Appraisal 4. The NanoJury in the United Kingdom 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Description of the Process 4.3 Review of the Process 4.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives 4.3.2 Organisation 4.3.3 Participation 4.3.4 Results of the Process 4.4 Deliberation Criteria 4.5 Summarising Appraisal 5. Consumer Conference on the Perception of Nanotechnology in the Areas of Food, Cosmetics, and Textiles, Germany 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Description of the Process 5.3 Review of the Process 5.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives 5.3.2 Organisation 5.3.3 Participation 5.3.4 Results of the Process 5.4 Deliberation Criteria 5.5 Summarising Appraisal 6. French Conferences Cycle on Nanotechnology: Nanomonde 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Description of the Process 6.3 Review of the Process 6.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives 6.3.2 Organisation 6.3.3 Participation 6.3.4 Results of the Process 6.4 Deliberation Criteria 6.5 Summarising Appraisal 7. Citizens’ Conference, Île-de-France 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Description of the Process 7.3 Review of the Process 7.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives 7.3.2 Organisation 7.3.3 Participation 7.3.4 Results of the process 7.4 Deliberation Criteria 7.5 Summarising Appraisal Appendix 1. Policy Recommendations from the Citizens' Conference 8. Nanotechnology Citizens' Conference in Madison, USA 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Description of the Process 8.3 Review of the Process 8.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives 8.3.2 Organisation 8.3.3 Participation 8.3.4 Results of the Process 8.4 Deliberation Criteria 8.5 Summarising Appraisal Appendix 2. Written Submission from the Citizens' Coalition on Nanotechnology 9. The U.S. National Citizens' Technology Forum on Human Enhancement: An Experiment in Deliberation Across a Nation 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Description of the Process 9.3 Review of the Process 9.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives 9.3.2 Organisation 9.3.3 Participation 9.3.4 Results of the Process 9.4 Deliberation Criteria 9.4.1 Reasoned Process 9.4.2 Equal Participants 9.4.3 Consensus-Driven Process 9.5 Summarising Appraisal Appendix 3. Facilitators Part III Stakeholder-Oriented Deliberative Processes Introduction to Part III 10. Experiments with Cross-National Deliberative Processes Within FP6 and FP7 of the European Union: The Convergence Seminars, the DEMOCS Card Games, and the Nanologue Project 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Description of the Process 10.2.1 The Convergence Seminars 10.2.2 The DEMOCS Card Game 10.2.3 The Nanologue Project Dialogue 10.3 Review of the Processes 10.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives 10.3.2 Organisation 10.3.3 Participation 10.3.4 Results of the Processes 10.4 Deliberation Criteria 10.5 Summarizing Appraisal 11. Standardisation as a Form of Deliberation 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Description of the Process 11.3 Review of the CEN and ISO Processes 11.3.1 Initiative and Objectives 11.3.2 Organisation 11.3.3 Participation 11.3.4 Result of the Processes 11.4 Deliberation Criteria 11.5 Summarising Appraisal 12. An Online Platform for Further Deliberative Processes 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Description of the Platform 12.3 The Toolkit 12.4 Testing the Platform 12.5 Summarising Appraisal Part IV Methods and Approaches for Stakeholder and Citizen Involvement Introduction to Part IV 13. Conclusions: Towards a Third Generation of Deliberative Processes 13.1 Introduction 13.2 The Generational Perspective 13.2.1 The First Generation of Deliberative Processes on Nanotechnology 13.2.2 The Second Generation of Deliberative Processes on Nanotechnology 13.3 Conclusions on Deliberative Processes on Nanotechnology 13.4 The Future of Deliberative Processes 13.4.1 Unfulfilled Expectations? 13.4.2 A Threat to Numerical Democracy? 13.4.3 An Answer to This Critique 13.5 Relevant Topics for Deliberation 13.6 Summarising Appraisal 14. Third Generation Deliberative Processes on Nanotechnology 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Theoretical Status of Third Generation Deliberations Prior to the Tests 14.2.1 Adjusting the Design for NanoDiode Purposes 14.2.2 SIFO as Front Runner 14.3 National Report, Norway 14.4 Some Observations on the European Events 14.5 A Future for Third Generation Deliberations on New Technologies? 15. Participatory Democracy: Hybrid Forums and Deliberative Processes as Methodological Tools 15.1 Two Approaches 15.2 An Approach to Technical Democracy: A Path to HF 2.0 15.3 Path from Hybrid Forum to HF 2.0 15.4 Case Studies 15.5 Comparing HF 2.0 with 3GDP 15.6 Conclusion 16. Conclusion 2020: A More Democratic Science Through Public Engagement? 16.1 Deliberative Processes in Responsible Research and Innovation 16.2 Third Generation Deliberations and HF 2.0 16.3 Participatory and Representative Democracy Authors' Biographies Index