Patient Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Interventions

Description

This book provides a guide to the assessment of patient reported outcomes measures  and quality of life in cardiovascular interventions, which have become a fundamental component of decision making in bedside medicine, health policy, health economics, and public health. Cardiac surgery, cardiovascular interventions, vascular interventions, and the core principles of quality of life are all covered. This book is the first book to demonstrate how clinicians and policy makers can easily get access to a single source of quality of life and patient reported outcomes measures evidence to help them make the best informed decisions in the field of cardiovascular interventions. This is a rapidly emerging field and the book would be relevant to doctors, healthcare scientists, allied-health professionals, healthcare managers, medical statisticians, healthcare economists, and consultants working in healthcare. Preface Contents 1: Unveiling the Concept of Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) in Cardiac Surgery Introduction The Purpose of Employing the MCID Statistical and Methodological Concepts Regarding MCID Distribution Methods Anchor-Based Methods Consensus (Delphi) Methods Limitations of the MCID Methods Potential Pitfalls to Consider When Evaluating Results Based on MCIDs Real Life Examples of MCID Implementation in Cardiac Surgery Conclusions References 2: Quality of Life Following the Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Introduction Methods Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support Extracorporeal Devices Conclusions References 3: What Factors Predict an Improved Quality of Life Outcome Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery? A Systematic Review Aim Introduction Materials and Methods Inclusion Criteria Study Quality Scoring Results Study Design Quality of Studies HRQOL Tools Outcomes Discussion Surgical Factors Patient Factors Post-surgical Complications Patient Health Perceptions Limitations Conclusions References 4: Thoracic Aortic Surgery Introduction Proximal Thoracic Aorta Aortic Root Replacement/Repair Other Proximal Aortic Operations Type A Dissection Repair Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Endovascular Interventions on the Thoracic Aorta Aortic Surgery in the Elderly Neurological Outcomes and Cerebral Protection Discussion Study Limitations Suggestions for Future Research Conclusions References 5: Patient Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life following Heart Transplantation Introduction Methods Literature Search Study Selection Study Classification Results Comparative Studies vs. LVADs vs. Medical Therapy vs. Waiting-List Longitudinal Studies Immediate Long-Term Follow-Up (5–10 Years Post-HTx) Mid Long-Term Follow-Up (10–20 Years Post-HTx) Extreme Long-Term Follow-Up (>20 years Post-HTx) Discussion Challenges in QOL Assessment in Transplant Baseline QOL in Pre-transplant Patients Physical Activity Post-transplant Mental Well-Being Post-transplant References 6: QOL and PROMS Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Introduction Summary of Interventions (Surgical, Endovascular/Minimally Invasive) for Aortic Stenosis Analysis of the Utility of Different QOL Tool Methods Discussion TAVI Registries Reporting on QoL TAVI vs. General Population TAVI vs. sAVR Short and Intermediate Term Outcomes – Results from Randomised Controlled Trials (Industry Supported Studies) Conclusions References 7: Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Stand-Alone and Concomitant Arrhythmia Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Highlighted Conclusions Introduction Patients and Methods Literature Search PubMed Cochrane Study Selection and Risk of Bias Endpoints Statistical Analysis Results Study Selection Risk of Bias Study Population Arrhythmia Surgery Primary Endpoint: QOL Following Stand-Alone Arrhythmia Surgery Primary Endpoint for Concomitant Procedures Follow-up Secondary Endpoint: QOL Sub-Analyses Using Other Questionnaires Discussion Overall Effect on QOL Following Arrhythmia Surgery for AF Primary Endpoint: Concomitant AF Surgery and QOL Primary Endpoint: Standalone AF Surgery and QOL Techniques and Lesion Sets in Concomitant and Stand-Alone AF Ablation Limitations Conclusion References 8: Transcatheter Mitral Valve Procedures Introduction MitraClip Implantation Studies Comparing Against Conventional Surgery Studies Comparing Against Conservative Management Studies Considering High-Risk or Frail Patients Miscellaneous Studies Cardioband Implantation Carillon Mitral Contour Device Studies Including Other Percutaneous MV Interventions Discussion Study Limitations Suggestions for Further Research Conclusion References 9: Percutaneous Interventions in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Introduction Quality of Care in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Why use Quality of Life Indicators in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease? Challenges in Quality of Life Research in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Quality of Life Assessment Tools in ACHD Methods QoL Tools in ACHD Interventions: Review of Existing Literature Results Summary of Interventions Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation Percutaneous Atrial Septal Defect Closure Patient Foramen Ovale Closure (Post-Stroke) Discussion QoL After Percutaneous Procedures in ACHD The Utility of Different Quality of Life Tools in the Setting of Percutaneous Procedures in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Comparison of PROMs with Other Established Health Outcomes Concluding Remarks References 10: The Impact of Valve Surgery on the Health-Related Quality of Life of Elderly Patients: Systematic Review Introduction Method Data Sources and Search Study Inclusion Criteria Evaluation of Quality and Risk of Bias Results Discussion Frailty Factor HRQOL Outcome: PCS vs. MCS Predictors of Quality of Life Female Gender Mitral Regurgitation Coronary Artery Disease Ejection Fraction, NYHA and LV function Other Determinants of Quality of Life Type of Prosthesis Type of Surgery Incision Factor Limitation Conclusion References 11: Quality of Life After Mitral Valve and Tricuspid Valve Surgery Quality of Life After Mitral Valve Surgery Introduction Methods for Assessing the Quality of Life Negative Predictors of Quality of Life Quality of Life in Relation to Prosthesis Type and Surgical Approach Biological Versus Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement Conventional Mitral Valve Intervention (Surgical Repair or Replacement) Via Median Sternotomy Conventional Mitral Valve Interventions (Surgical Repair or Replacement) versus Minimally Invasive Approach MitraClip Implantation Other Percutaneous Mitral Valve Interventions Quality of Life After Tricuspid Valve Surgery References 12: Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcomes in Paediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients Introduction Background Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Quality of Life Parents and Caregiver Prospective Functional Status Symptom and Symptom Burden Patient Experience Health Behaviours Tools and Measures Summary and Conclusion Highlighted Conclusions Future Research References 13: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Introduction Materials and Methods Search Strategy Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Outcomes of Interest and Data Extraction Quality Scoring Results Selected Studies Study Objectives, Design and Population Quality of Included Studies Health-Related Quality of Life Measures Used PCI in Stable Coronary Artery Disease PCI in Acute Coronary Syndromes PCI in Chronic Total Occlusions PCI in Undifferentiated Coronary Artery Disease Discussion Study Limitations Suggestions for Future Research Conclusions References 14: Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Following Carotid Artery Intervention Introduction Current Interventions on the Carotid Artery Carotid Endarterectomy Carotid Stenting Quality of Life Instruments and Proms in Carotid Intervention Definition of Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Commonly Used Quality of Life Instruments in Carotid Intervention Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcomes Quality of Life After Carotid Endarterectomy (18 Studies) [28, 31–33, 42–52, 54, 56, 57] Quality of Life After Carotid Stenting (Seven Studies) [28, 42, 48, 50, 52, 53, 55] Quality of Life After Endarterectomy Compared to Stenting (Five Studies) [28, 42, 48, 50, 52] Quality of Life Compared to Reference Populations (Seven Studies) [31, 32, 45, 46, 49, 55, 56] Cognitive Function Utility of Quality of Life Tools Importance of Quality of Life Assessment and PROMS Need for Further Research Effect of Other Outcomes on Quality of Life and Proms Conclusion References 15: Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Following Percutaneous Aortic Intervention for Aortic Aneurysms and Dissection Introduction Current Interventions on the Aorta Abdominal Aorta Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Thoracic Aorta Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms Type B Thoracic Aortic Dissection Quality of Life Instruments and Proms in Aortic Intervention Definition of Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Commonly Used Quality of Life Instruments in Aortic Intervention Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcomes Abdominal Aorta (29 Studies) [12, 16, 18, 25, 38, 48–68, 70–72] Thoracic Aorta (Five Studies) [73–77] Utility of Quality of Life Tools Importance of Quality of Life Assessment and PROMS Need for Further Research Effect of Other Outcomes on Quality of Life and Proms Conclusion References 16: QOL and PROMS in Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmia Introduction Search Strategy Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Data Extraction Quality Scoring Results Selected Studies and Their Objectives Tools Used Comparative Studies Catheter Ablation Versus Anti-arrhythmic Drugs Comparative Studies of Different Ablation Strategies Between Group Comparisons Anxiety and Depression Exercise Performance Healthcare Utilisation Cryoballoon Ablation Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation Predictors of Success Other Study Aims Predictors of Poor Quality of Life Limitations of the Included Studies Critique of the Different Tools Available Comparison to Other Outcomes Conclusions Appendix Medline Search Strategy References 17: Patient Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life following Percutaneous and Surgical Intervention for Subclavian Artery Disease Introduction Material and Methods Search Strategy Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Outcomes of Interest and Data Extraction Quality Scoring Results Selected Studies Studies Focusing on Percutaneous Intervention Studies Focusing on Surgical Revascularization Quality of Included Studies Discussion Conclusion References 18: QoL and PROMS Following Percutaneous and Surgical Intervention for Renal Artery Disease Search Strategy Search Results Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis: Endovascular Trials Quality of Life Outcomes in Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenting Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis: Surgical Trials Fibromuscular Dysplasia: Endovascular Fibromuscular Dysplasia: Surgery Quality of Life in Fibromuscular Dysplasia Effect of Regular Dialysis on Quality of Life Effects of Procedural Complications on Quality of Life Conclusion References 19: Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes for Endovascular and Open Surgical Interventions in Aortoiliac and Femoropopliteal Steno-Occlusive Arterial Disease Introduction Materials and Methods Search Strategy Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Study Selection and Data Extraction Results Study Objectives, Design and Population Health-Related Quality of Life Outcome Measures Studies Focused on Aortoiliac Steno-Occlusive Disease Studies Focused on Femoropopliteal Steno-Occlusive disease Quality of Included Studies Timing and Completion of Follow-Up Discussion Appendix: Scoring Criteria to Assess Methodological Quality of Included Papers References 20: Infrapopliteal Arteries (Classical and Percutaneous) The Emergence and Importance of QOL and PROMS for Peripheral Artery Disease Assessing QoL and PROMS in Peripheral Artery Disease QoL and PROMS in Intermittent Claudication (IC) QoL and PROMS in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) Limitations/Future Directions References 21: Quality-of-Life (QOL) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Following Intervention for Chronic Venous Disease Introduction PROMs to Assess Chronic Venous Disease Comparison of Surgical vs. Endovenous Interventions High Ligation and Stripping vs. RFA High Ligation and Stripping vs. EVLA High Ligation and Stripping vs. Sclerotherapy High Ligation and Stripping vs. Thermal Ablation Comparison Between Different Endovascular Interventions Sclerotherapy vs. EVLA RFA vs. EVLA RFA Plus Phlebectomies vs. EVLA Plus Phlebectomies EVLA vs. EVLA Plus Phlebectomies EVLA vs. EVLA Plus Sclerotherapy EVLA vs. Thermal Ablation Cyanoacrylate Embolization vs. RFA Recurrence Rates Following Different Interventions Conclusions References Index