Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book

Description

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the new Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) specification with progression, international relevance and support at its core. It is designed to supply students with the best preparation possible for the examination: ·  Integrated exam practice throughout, with differentiated revision exercises, exam practice and learning summary sections. ·  Provides free access to an ActiveBook, a digital version of the Student Book, which can be accessed online, anytime, anywhere supporting learning beyond the classroom. ·  Transferable skills, needed for progression into higher education and employment, are signposted allowing students to understand, and engage with, the skills they’re gaining. ·  Pearson progression tools allows quick and easy formative assessment of student progress, linked to guidance on how to personalise learning solutions. ·  Reviewed by a language specialist to ensure the book is written in a clear and accessible style for students whose first language may not be English. ·  Glossary of key terminology, along with full answers included on the ActiveBook. ·  Further teacher support materials, including lesson plans, are provided online.     Front Cover Contents Course Structure About This Book Assessment Overview Unit 1: Principles of Chemistry 1: States of Matter States of Matter Interconversions Between the three States of Matter Working Out the Physical State of a Substance at a Particular Temperature Diffusion The Solubility of Solids Solubility Curves 2: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Elements Compounds Mixtures Simple Differences Between Mixtures and Compounds Melting Point and Boiling Point Separation of Mixtures Using Paper Chromatography in Analysis 3: Atomic Structure Atoms and Molecules The Structure of the Atom Atomic Number and Mass Number Isotopes Relative Atomic Mass The Electrons The Periodic Table 4: The Periodic Table The Periodic Table The Periodic Table and the Number of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons The Arrangement of the Electrons in an Atom Electronic Configurations and the Periodic Table The Noble Gases Metals and Non-Metals in the Periodic Table Differences Between the Properties of Metals and Non-Metals 5: Chemical Formulae, Equations and Calculations: Part 1 Writing Equations Balancing Equations State Symbols How much of Each Substance Reacts in a Chemical Reaction? Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) Relative Formula Mass (Mr) The Mole The Importance of Quoting the Formula Simple Calculations with Moles Formulae The Formula for Copper Oxide Determining the Formula of Water Working Out Formulae Using Percentage Composition Figures Converting Empirical Formulae into Molecular Formulae Empirical Formula Calculations Involving Water of Crystallisation Calculations Using Moles, Chemical Equations and Masses of Substances Calculations Involving Only Masses A Problem Involving Heating Calcium Carbonate A Problem about Extracting Iron A Problem Involving the Extraction of Lead Calculating Percentage Yields Calculations in Which you have to Calculate which Substance is in Excess 6: Chemical Formulae, Equations and Calculations: Part 2 Calculations Involving Gas Volumes Units of Volume The Volume Occupied by 1 Mole of a Gas Calculations with Molar Volume A Problem Involving Making Hydrogen Working with Solution Concentrations Calculations with Equations Involving Solutions Calculations From Titrations The Standard Calculation Reversing the Calculations 7: Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonding in Magnesium Oxide The Significance of Noble Gas Electronic Configurations in Ionic Bonding Other Examples of Ionic Bonding Formulae for Ionic Compounds Confusing Endings! Deducing the Formula for an Ionic Compound Calcium Chloride Provides Another Example Giant Ionic Structures The Physical Properties of Ionic Substances The Electrical Conductivity of Ionic Substances 8: Covalent Bonding Covalent Bonding Covalent Bonding in a Hydrogen Molecule The Significance of Noble Gas Structures in Covalent Bonding Why Does Hydrogen form Molecules? Covalent Bonding in a Hydrogen Chloride Molecule Covalent Bonding in a Chlorine Molecule (Cl2) Covalent Bonding in Methane, Ammonia and Water Covalent Bonding in a Slightly more Complicated Molecule: Ethane Multiple Covalent Bonding Organic Molecules Containing Halogen Atoms Some more Difficult Molecules where the Central Atom does not have 8 Electrons in its Outer Shell Simple Molecular Structures Melting and Boiling Points Increase as Relative Molecular Mass Increases Some Other Physical Properties of Covalent Compounds Giant Covalent Structures 9: Metallic Bonding Metallic Bonding Physical Properties of Metals 10: Electrolysis Why things Conduct Electricity Passing Electricity Through Compounds: Electrolysis The Electrolysis of Molten Compounds Electrolysis and Redox The Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride Solution The Electrolysis of Copper (II) Sulfate Solution Using Inert Electrodes The Electrolysis of Dilute Sulfuric Acid Using Inert Electrodes The Electrolysis of Some Other Solutions Using Inert Electrodes Unit Questions Unit 2: Inorganic Chemistry 11: The Alkali Metals Storage and Handling A Family of Elements Reactions with Water Explaining the Increase in Reactivity Reactions of the Alkali Metals with the Air Compounds of the Alkali Metals Summarising the Main Features of the Group 1 Elements Predicting the Properties of Francium 12: The Halogens The Halogens Safety Reactions of the Halogens Displacement Reactions Involving the Halogens Explaining the Trend in the Reactivity of the Halogens Summarising the Main Features of the Group 7 Elements 13: Gases in the Atmosphere The Composition of the Air The Combustion of Elements in Oxygen The Properties of Oxides Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect 14: Reactivity Series Displacement Reactions Involving Metal Oxides Oxidation and Reduction Displacement Reactions Involving Solutions of Salts The Reaction Between Copper and Silver Nitrate Solution Reactions of Metals with Water Reactions of Metals with Dilute Acids A General Summary Finding the Approximate Position of a Metal in the Reactivity Series Using Water and Dilute Acids Making Predictions Using the Reactivity Series Rusting of Iron 15: Extraction and Uses of Metals Extracting Metals from their Ores Methods of Extraction and the Reactivity Series Alloys Properties and Uses of Some Metals Properties and Uses of Different Kinds of Steel 16: Acids, Alkalis and Titrations pH and Indicators Measuring pH Acids Bases Other Alkaline Solutions Reacting Acids with Bases and Alkalis Titration 17: Acids, Bases and Salt Preparations Salts Reactions of Acids Reactions Involving Magnesium and Acids Reactions Involving Zinc and Acids Bases Bases and Alkalis Salt Preparations Making Soluble Salts (Except Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium Salts) Making Magnesium Sulfate Crystals Making Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium Salts Making Insoluble Salts What Do We Mix Together to make Insoluble Salts? Theories of Acids and Bases 18: Chemical Tests Testing For Gases Testing for Water Testing for Ions Testing for Cations (Positive Ions) Using Sodium Hydroxide Solution Unit Questions Unit 3: Physical Chemistry 19: Energetics Exothermic Reactions Showing an Exothermic Change on an Energy Level Diagram Endothermic Reactions Showing an Endothermic Change on an Energy Level Diagram Measuring Enthalpy Changes of Reactions Calorimetry Experiments for Determining the Enthalpy Changes of Reactions Working Out Enthalpy Changes for Reactions Involving Solutions Using Calorimetry Experiments Why Do Reactions Either give Out or Absorb Heat? Calculation of Enthalpy Changes of Reaction Using Bond Energies 20: Rates of Reaction Experiments to Measure the Rate of Reaction Changing the Surface Area of the Reactants Changing the Concentration of the Reactants Changing the Temperature of the Reaction Changing the Pressure on the Reaction Catalysts How Does a Catalyst Work? 21: Reversible Reactions and Equilibria Reversibility and Dynamic Equilibria Reversible Reactions in a Sealed Container The Position of Equilibrium How to Predict the Effect of Changing Conditions on the Position of Equilibrium An Example to Illustrate How Changing Reaction Conditions Can Affect the Position of Equilibrium in a Reversible Reaction Unit Questions Unit 4: Organic Chemistry 22: Introduction to Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons Types of Formula for Organic Molecules Naming Organic Compounds Structural Isomerism A Quick Introductory Look at the Alcohols Some Chemical Reactions of Organic Compounds 23: Crude Oil What is Crude Oil? Separating Crude Oil Uses of the Fractions Environmental Problems Associated with the Burning of Fossil Fuels From Crude Oil Cracking 24: Alkanes Isomers of Alkanes Homologous Series Two Reactions of the Alkanes 25: Alkenes Isomers Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 26: Alcohols Drawing and Naming the Alcohols The Oxidation of Ethanol The Production of Ethanol Comparing the two Methods of Producing Ethanol 27: Carboxylic Acids Drawing and Naming the Carboxylic Acids Acid Properties of the Carboxylic Acids 28: Esters Making a Simple Ester: Ethyl Ethanoate Drawing and Naming Esters Uses of Esters 29: Synthetic Polymers Addition Polymerisation How to Deduce the Polymerisation Reaction for any Alkene Working Out the Monomer for a Given Addition Polymer Disposal of Addition Polymers Condensation Polymerisation Unit Questions Appendices Appendix A: Periodic Table Appendix B: Command Words Appendix C: A Guide to Practical questions Glossary Index Back Cover