The Surface Wettability Effect on Phase Change

Description

The Surface Wettability Effect on Phase Change collects high level contributions from internationally recognised scientists in the field. It thoroughly explores surface wettability, with topics spanning from the physics of phase change, physics of nucleation, mesoscale modeling, analysis of phenomena such drop evaporation, boiling, local heat flux at triple line, Leidenfrost, dropwise condensation, heat transfer enhancement, freezing, icing. All the topics are treated by discussing experimental results, mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. In particular, the numerical methods look at direct numerical simulations in the framework of VOF simulations, phase-field simulations and molecular dynamics. An introduction to equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of phase change, wetting phenomena, liquid interfaces, numerical simulation of wetting phenomena and phase change is offered for readers who are less familiar in the field. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, engineers, and postgraduate students working in the area of thermofluids, thermal management, and surface technology. Introduction Contents 1 Introduction References 2 An Introduction to Wettability and Wetting Phenomena 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Equilibrium 2.3 Pinning/Depinning 2.4 Dynamics of Wetting 2.5 Applications 2.6 Phases Changes and Wetting References 3 Heat Transfer Enhancement During Dropwise Condensation Over Wettability-Controlled Surfaces 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Surface Coatings 3.1.2 Effects of Saturation Pressure, Heat Flux, and Non-condensable Gases 3.1.3 Vapor Velocity 3.1.4 Superhydrophobic Surfaces 3.1.5 Low Surface Tension Fluids 3.2 Measuring Heat Transfer Coefficients During DWC 3.2.1 Main Measuring Techniques 3.2.2 Measurements in Presence of Vapor Velocity 3.3 Droplet Population 3.3.1 Models for Drop Size Distribution 3.3.2 Measurement of Drop Size Distribution 3.4 Heat Transfer Models for DWC with Quiescent Vapor 3.4.1 Le Fevre and Rose (1966) Model 3.4.2 Kim and Kim (2011) Model 3.4.3 Miljkovic et al. (2013) Model 3.4.4 Chavan et al. (2016) Model 3.5 Effect of Vapor Velocity on DWC Heat Transfer Coefficient 3.5.1 Description of the Model by Tancon et al. (2021) 3.5.2 Comparison Against Experimental Data 3.6 Effect of Main Parameters on the Heat Transfer Coefficient 3.6.1 Temperature Drops and Cumulative Normalized Heat Flux Distribution 3.6.2 Predicted Effect of Contact Angle Hysteresis, Coating Thermal Resistance, Heat Flux and Vapor Velocity on the Heat Transfer Coefficient 3.7 Conclusions References 4 About Phenomenology and Modeling of Dropwise Condensation 4.1 Dropwise Condensation: An Effective Way to Transfer Heat 4.1.1 The Drop's Lifecycle 4.1.2 Drops Population Models 4.2 Drop-Size Distribution According to Individual-Based and Population-Based Models 4.3 Heat Transfer 4.3.1 Heat Flux Distribution According to Drop-size 4.3.2 Parametric Analysis 4.4 Conclusion References 5 Spreading, Wetting and Drying of Human Blood 5.1 Human Blood Properties 5.1.1 Spreading, Wetting and Evaporation of Human Blood Drops 5.1.2 Drying of Human Blood Drops 5.1.3 Stages of Human Blood Pool Spreading, Wetting and Drying 5.1.4 Drying of Human Blood Pools 5.2 Conclusion References 6 Evaporation Effect on the Contact Angle and Contact Line Dynamics 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 How Evaporation Can Modify the Wetting Conditions? 6.1.2 Relevant Microscopic Phenomena 6.1.3 Liquid Flow in the Wedge 6.1.4 Boundary Conditions 6.2 Evaporation into Pure Vapor 6.2.1 Fourth Boundary Condition 6.2.2 Asymptotic Analysis for Immobile Contact Line 6.2.3 Parametric Study of the Apparent Contact Angle 6.2.4 Simultaneous Contact Line Motion and Evaporation 6.2.5 Comparison with Experimental Data 6.3 Diffusion-Controlled Evaporation 6.3.1 Problem Statement 6.3.2 Kelvin Effect and Dimensionless Formulation 6.3.3 Weak Evaporation Approximation 6.3.4 Impact of the Thickness of Diffusion Boundary Layer 6.3.5 Apparent Contact Angle 6.4 Conclusions References 7 Leidenfrost Effect and Surface Wettability 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Leidenfrost Drop Dynamics 7.3 Factors Affecting Leidenfrost Temperature 7.4 Applications 7.5 Summary References 8 On the Development of Icephobic Surfaces: Bridging Experiments and Simulations 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Atmospheric Icing 8.1.2 From Traditional Methods to Surface Strategies Against Icing 8.1.3 Existing Literature and the Goal of This Chapter 8.2 Nucleation Physics: Key Concepts 8.2.1 Classical Nucleation Theory 8.3 Latest Advances on Surface Strategies Against Icing 8.3.1 Ice Adhesion 8.3.2 Icephobic Surfaces 8.3.3 Experimental Testing for Anti-Icing Surfaces 8.4 Numerical Simulations: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Experiments 8.4.1 State-of-The-Art in Numerical Modelling 8.4.2 Continuum Modeling: Achievements, Strengths, and Limitations 8.4.3 Molecular Modeling: Achievements, Strengths, and Limitations 8.4.4 Summary 8.5 Conclusions and Perspective on Future Research References 9 A Mesoscale Modeling of Wetting: Theory and Numerical Simulations 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Diffuse Interface Model for Multiphase Systems 9.3 Application to the Simulation of Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation in Pool Boiling Conditions 9.4 Conclusions References 10 Molecular Dynamics Simulations for the Design of Engineering Processes 10.1 MD Description 10.1.1 Newton Equation and Integration Scheme 10.1.2 Interaction Potentials 10.1.3 Liquid Characterization 10.2 Hydrodynamic Assist in Forced Wetting 10.2.1 Spontaneous Spreading 10.2.2 Forced Wetting 10.3 Drop Pinning on an Incline 10.3.1 MD and Pinning 10.4 Concluding Remarks References 11 Multi-scale Multiphase Flow Gas–Liquid–Solid Interfacial Equation Based on Thermodynamic and Mathematical Approach 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Gas–Liquid Interfacial Model 11.2.1 Interfacial Interaction on the Basis of Conventional Approach 11.2.2 Development of Interfacial Model for Interfacial Interaction 11.3 Gas–Liquid–Solid Interfacial Model 11.3.1 Existing Models for Wetting Phenomena 11.3.2 Multi-scale Model for Gas–Liquid–Solid Interface 11.4 Summary References