Statistical Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach

Description

Statistical Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach covers in a practical, readily understandable manner the underlying meaning of entropy, temperature and other thermodynamic concepts, the foundations of quantum mechanics, and the physical basis of gas, liquid and solid phase properties. It presents simply the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic thermodynamics. In addition, the molecular basis of transport phenomena and chemical kinetics are explored, as are basic concepts in spectroscopy. Modern computational tools for solving thermodynamic problems are explored, and the student is assured that he or she will gain knowledge of practical usefulness. This essential text is suitable for mechanical or aerospace engineering graduate students who have a strong background in engineering thermodynamics, those entering advanced fields such as combustion, high temperature gas dynamics, environmental sciences, or materials processing, and those who wish to build a background for understanding advanced experimental diagnostic techniques in these or similar fields. Cover Front Matter Statistical Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Copyright Brief Contents Contents List of Figures List of Tables Preface Comment on Software Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 1.1 The Role of Thermodynamics 1.2 The Nature of Matter 1.3 Energy, Work, Heat Transfer, and the 1st Law 1.4 Equilibrium 1.5 Thermodynamic Properties 1.6 The Fundamental Problem of Thermodynamics 1.7 Analysis of Non-equilibrium Behavior 1.8 Summary 1.9 Problems 2 Fundamentals of Macroscopic Thermodynamics 2.1 The Postulates of Macroscopic (Classical) Thermodynamics 2.2 Simple Forms of the Fundamental Relation 2.3 Equilibrium and the Intensive Properties 2.4 Representation and the Equations of State 2.5 The Euler Equation and the Gibbs–Duhem Relation 2.6 Quasi-static Processes and Thermal and Mechanical Energy Reservoirs 2.7 Equilibrium in the Energy Representation 2.8 Alternative Representations – Legendre Transformations 2.9 Transformations of the Energy 2.10 Transformations of the Entropy 2.11 Reversible Work 2.12 Maxwell’s Relations 2.13 Building Property Relations 2.14 Sources for Thermodynamic Properties 2.15 Summary 2.16 Problems 3 Microscopic Thermodynamics 3.1 The Role of Statistics in Thermodynamics 3.2 The Postulates of Microscopic Thermodynamics 3.3 The Partition Function and its Alternative Formulations 3.4 Thermodynamic Properties 3.5 Fluctuations 3.6 Systems with Negligible Inter-particle Forces 3.7 Systems with Non-negligible Inter-particle Forces 3.8 Summary 3.9 Problems 4 Quantum Mechanics 4.1 A Brief History 4.2 The Postulates of Quantum Mechanics 4.3 Solutions of the Wave Equation 4.4 Real Atomic Behavior 4.5 Real Molecular Behavior 4.6 Molecular Modeling/Computational Chemistry 4.7 Summary 4.8 Problems 5 Ideal Gases 5.1 The Partition Function 5.2 The Translational Partition Function 5.3 Monatomic Gases 5.4 Diatomic Gases 5.5 Polyatomic Gases 5.6 Summary 5.7 Problems 6 Ideal Gas Mixtures 6.1 Non-reacting Mixtures 6.2 Reacting Mixtures 6.3 Summary 6.4 Problems 7 The Photon and Electron Gases 7.1 The Photon Gas 7.2 The Electron Gas 7.3 Summary 7.4 Problems 8 Dense Gases 8.1 Evaluating the Configuration Integral 8.2 The Virial Equation of State 8.3 Other Properties 8.4 Potential Energy Functions 8.5 Other Equations of State 8.6 Summary 8.7 Problems 9 Liquids 9.1 The Radial Distribution Function and Thermodynamic Properties 9.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Liquids 9.3 Determining g(r) from Molecular Dynamics Simulations 9.4 Molecular Dynamics Software 9.5 Summary 9.6 Problems 10 Crystalline Solids 10.1 Einstein Crystal 10.2 Debye Crystal 10.3 Summary 10.4 Problems 11 Thermodynamic Stability and Phase Change 11.1 Thermodynamic Stability 11.2 Phase Change 11.3 Gibbs Phase Rule 11.4 Thermodynamic versus Dynamic Stability 11.5 Summary 11.6 Problems 12 Kinetic Theory of Gases 12.1 Transport Phenomena 12.2 The Boltzmann Equation and the Chapman–Enskog Solution 12.3 Transport Data Sources 12.4 Summary 12.5 Problems 13 Spectroscopy 13.1 The Absorption and Emission of Radiation 13.2 Spectral Line Broadening 13.3 Atomic Transitions 13.4 Molecular Transitions 13.5 Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy 13.6 Laser-Induced Fluorescence 13.7 Rayleigh and Raman Scattering 13.8 Summary 13.9 Problems 14 Chemical Kinetics 14.1 Reaction Rate 14.2 Reaction Rate Constant and the Arrhenius Form 14.3 More on Reaction Rates 14.4 Reaction Mechanisms 14.5 Summary 14.6 Problems A Physical Constants B Combinatorial Analysis C Tables C.1 Atomic Electron Configurations C.2 Lennard–Jones Parameters C.3 Some Properties of Diatomic Molecules D Multicomponent, Reactive Flow Conservation Equations D.1 The Distribution Function and Flow Properties E Boltzmann’s Equation E.1 Collision Integrals F Bibliography for Thermodynamics Classical Thermodynamics Introductory Statistical Thermodynamics More Advanced Statistical Mechanics and Applications Quantum Mechanics Atoms and Molecules Liquids Molecular Dynamics and Computational Chemistry Kinetic Theory and Transport Phenomena Useful Mathematics References Online Resources Some Useful Journals References Index