Essential Orthopaedics and Trauma

Description

New edition of a classic textbook on orthopaedics and trauma for medical students and junior doctors now available with StudentConsult access [an on-line student learning facility available from Elsevier] Key Features New edition of a classic student text now available in full colour! Clear writing style and full artwork programme makes learning easy and enjoyable Learning objectives at the start of each chapter enables the reader to assess his or her learning progress Additional case studies provides practical examples of patient management to bring the subject to life Common conditions are given more discussion to reflect frequency with which the student or practitioner will encounter them Front cover......Page 1 Half title page......Page 2 Dedication......Page 3 Title page......Page 4 Copyright page......Page 5 Table of contents......Page 6 Prefaceto fifth edition......Page 8 Acknowledgement......Page 10 Prefaceto first edition......Page 12 Part 1 Background knowledge......Page 14 History and development......Page 16 What does orthopaedic surgery achieve?......Page 19 History......Page 22 Clinical examination......Page 24 Examination of individual areas......Page 27 Joints......Page 46 Bones......Page 48 Apophyses......Page 49 Muscles......Page 50 Nerves......Page 53 Biomechanics......Page 58 Implants......Page 59 Tissue healing......Page 63 Immunology......Page 66 Radiology......Page 68 Computed tomography......Page 71 Radioisotope scanning......Page 73 Thermography......Page 75 Arthroscopy......Page 76 Laboratory investigations......Page 77 Electrical studies......Page 78 Bacteriology......Page 79 Physical therapy......Page 82 Aids and appliances......Page 83 Community services......Page 88 Drugs......Page 89 Operative management......Page 91 Part 2 Trauma......Page 104 Fractures......Page 106 Complications......Page 115 Injuries to joints......Page 120 Injuries to ligaments......Page 121 Injuries to soft tissues......Page 122 Immediate management of multiple injuries......Page 128 First aid at the scene of an accident......Page 130 Major disasters and major incidents......Page 132 Fractures......Page 136 Complications of treatment......Page 149 Soft tissue injuries......Page 152 Facial injuries......Page 158 Head injuries......Page 160 Cervical spine injuries......Page 165 Thoracic spine injuries......Page 171 Lumbar spine injuries......Page 174 Paraplegia......Page 175 Rib fractures......Page 180 Injuries involving the pleural cavity......Page 182 Injuries to the mediastinum......Page 185 Injuries to viscera......Page 186 Pelvic injuries......Page 189 Brachial plexus lesions......Page 198 Injuries to the clavicle......Page 200 Dislocation of the shoulder......Page 205 Fractures of the upper end of the humerus......Page 210 Humeral shaft......Page 212 Fractures at the elbow (Fig. 12.30)......Page 213 Injuries to the radius and ulna......Page 219 Fractures at the lower end of the radius......Page 226 Fractures in children......Page 231 Nerves......Page 234 Flexor tendons......Page 235 Extensor tendons......Page 237 Skin and subcutaneous tissue......Page 239 Fractures and dislocations......Page 240 Amputations......Page 246 Rehabilitation......Page 249 Functions of the hand......Page 250 Fractures at the upper end of the femur: general considerations......Page 252 Fractures of the femoral neck......Page 253 Trochanteric fractures......Page 258 Fractures at the upper end of the femur in children......Page 259 Fractures of the femoral shaft......Page 261 Fractures of the lower end of the femur......Page 265 Fractures of the patella......Page 267 Injuries of the extensor mechanism......Page 268 Fractures within the knee......Page 270 Ligament injuries at the knee......Page 271 Haemarthrosis of the knee......Page 276 Fracture of the tibia and fibula......Page 277 Injuries of the ankle......Page 282 Achilles tendon rupture......Page 286 Fractures of the talus and hindfoot......Page 289 Fractures of the forefoot (Fig. 14.64)......Page 292 Psychology and the athlete......Page 296 Practical and professional considerations......Page 297 Injuries to muscle insertions......Page 298 Bones and joints......Page 299 Other injuries......Page 300 Prevention......Page 302 Part 3 Orthopaedics......Page 304 Pathology......Page 306 Clinical presentation......Page 308 Treatment......Page 309 Rheumatoid arthritis......Page 314 Other arthropathies......Page 318 Bone necrosis......Page 320 Monarticular synovitis in a large joint......Page 322 Chapter 18 Bone and joint infections......Page 324 Abnormalities of bone structure......Page 330 Osteochondritis......Page 339 Neuromuscular disorders......Page 344 Tumours......Page 348 Normal milestones......Page 360 Bow legs and knock knees......Page 361 In-toe gait......Page 362 Toe-walkers......Page 363 Foot deformities......Page 364 Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)......Page 367 Neurological disorders......Page 369 Congenital deformities......Page 372 Scoliosis......Page 374 Other conditions......Page 375 Shoulder......Page 378 Elbow......Page 384 Rheumatoid arthritis......Page 388 Osteoarthritis......Page 390 Disorders of tendons......Page 393 Infection......Page 395 Dupuytren’s disease (or ‘contracture’)......Page 397 Neurological disorders......Page 399 Osteoarthritis of the hip......Page 406 Rheumatoid arthritis of the hip......Page 408 Other hip conditions......Page 417 Osteoarthritis of the knee......Page 419 Rheumatoid arthritis of the knee......Page 425 Internal derangements of the knee......Page 426 Other knee disorders......Page 432 Ligamentous instability......Page 433 Anterior knee pain......Page 435 Patellar instability......Page 438 Ankle......Page 442 Foot......Page 445 Cervical spine......Page 458 Lumbar spine......Page 462 Congenital anomalies......Page 472 Other conditions......Page 475 Manipulative medicine......Page 477 Glossary......Page 480 Index......Page 486