Frontiers of Shock Wave Research

Description

The book contains 12 chapters written by well-known shock wave researchers from seven different countries. Each researcher provides a brief description of his main research interests and results, thereby providing the readers with an excellent view of shock wave research conducted in the past fifty years. It also provides hints as to what still needs further investigation. It will be an excellent guide for young researchers entering the field of shock wave phenomena. Among the described investigations are the following topics: Blast wave interaction with a body when the body is in the area of interference of two blast waves moving in different directions; equation of state for water based on the shock Hugoniot data; Mach waves occurring over a backward facing edge in supersonic flow; shock waves in dusty gas; shock wave interaction with various bodies; three shock interactions. Preface Contents My Walk in the Field of Shock Waves References My Adventure with Mach Reflection—A Tribute to Professor Sakurai References The Background of My Studies of Shock and Blast Waves 1 Introduction 2 Defence Research Establishment Suffield 3 Operation Sailor Hat 4 University of Victoria 5 Particle Trajectory Analysis 6 Shock Wave Reflection 7 International Symposia References Research Activities at the Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory 1 History 2 Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability Experiments with Membranes Experiments with Retracting Plate Experiments with Pistons Experiments with Shear Layer (Single-Shot PLIF) Experiments with Shear Layer (Concurrent, Single-Shot PLIF/PIV) Experiments with Shear Layer (High-Speed PLIF) Experiments with Shear Layer (Concurrent, High-Speed PLIF/PIV) 3 Shock-Accelerated Bubbles Non-Reactive Bubbles Chemically-Reactive Bubbles 4 Shock-Accelerated Vortex Rings 5 Conclusions References Flow Formation Around a Body in the Area of Interference of Two Blast Waves 1 Blast Wave Simulation in a Shock Tube 2 Interaction of Two Successive Blast Waves with a Straight Wedge 3 Flow Around the Cylinder in the Area of the Interference of the Two Blast Waves References Interaction of Small Scale Blast Waves with a Sphere, Cones, and an Ellipsoid 1 Introduction 2 Experiment Small Scale Explosion Blast Wave Simulator Test Models Numerical Simulation 3 Results and Discussion An 80 mm Sphere 40° Apex Angle Cone 60° Apex Angle Cones Combined in Diamond Shape A 60 mm Minor Diameter and 90 mm Major Diameter Ellipsoid 4 Concluding Remarks References Mach Waves Occurring Over a Backward Facing Edge in Supersonic Flow 1 Introduction 2 Cavity Investigations at UNSW Canberra Wind Tunnel Setup and Operation Cavity Geometry Schlieren Method Cavity Schlieren Visualizations 3 Similarity Between Jet and Cavity Shear Layer Jet-Produced Mach Waves Cavity-Produced Mach Waves Oertel’s Theory 4 Comparison with Oertel’s Theory Long Fetch with Turbulent Plate Boundary Layer Short Fetch with Laminar/Transitional Plate Boundary Layer 5 Existence of Mach Waves 6 Comparison with CFD-Calculations 7 Summary and Conclusions References Medical Application of Miniaturized Underwater Shock Wave Focusing 1 Introduction 2 Underwater Shock Wave Generation Method Laser Induced Micro Shock Waves in Water Configuration of Fiber Tip Energy Distribution of Laser Beam Pressure Measurement Visualization Modification of the Shock Wave Reflector 3 Results and Discussion Laser Beam Focus Generation of Laser Induced Shock Wave Geometry of Shock Wave Front. Threshold of Cell Injury Induced by Focused Shock Wave. 4 Summary References Experimental Demonstration on High-Speed Gas Gun Driven by a Gaseous Detonation 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup and Conditions 3 Experimental Results Single-Stage Gas Gun (Effect of Length of the Detonation Tube) Single-Stage Gas Gun (Effect of Composition of Combustible Mixture) Single-Stage Gas Gun (Effect of the Projectile Diameter) Two-Stage Light Gas Gun 4 Conclusions References Shock Interactions with Solid Objects; from Simple to Complex Geometries 1 Planar Shock Reflection 2 Mach Reflection 3 Rectangular Block Interaction 4 Shock Interaction with a Baffle System 5 Blast Wave Formation 6 Blast Wave Interaction with a Realistic Structure 7 Finite Duration Effects 8 Effect of Structure Response 9 A Complex Structure Load Example 10 Summary Experimental Study of Generation and Mitigation of Weak Shock Waves Induced in Intake and Exhaust Pipe Lines of Automobile Engines 1 Introduction 2 Presence of the Shock Waves in Exhaust Gas Pipe Lines [1–3] Characteristics of Unpleasant Noises in Exhaust Gas Pipe Lines Pressure Measurements Optical Flow Visualization Streak Recording Sequential Observations of Weak Shock Waves in the Test Section Numerical Simulation 3 Characteristics of Weak Shock Waves in Silencers Analogue Experiments of Weak Shock Waves in Smooth Wall Silencers Analogue Experiments of Weak Shock Waves in a Roughened Wall Silencer Characteristics of Silencer Shape 4 Applications of Shock Wave Characteristic to Exhaust and Intake Systems Application to a Prototype Engine for Small Cars [4, 5, 7, 9, 10] Application to Passenger Cars Exhaust Pipe Line Systems [8–10] Characteristics of Weak Shock Waves Occurring in Intake System [10] 5 Summary References Equation of State for Water Based on the Shock Hugoniot Data 1 Thermodynamic Formulation Introduction Polynomial Expansion of Thermodynamic Variables Hugoniot Expression by the Use of the Rankine-Hugoniot Relationship Application of Linear Relationship Between Shock Velocity and Particle Velocity 2 Tait Equation as an Isentropic Compression Curve 3 Conclusion References General Solution of the 2D Navier–Stokes Equations and Its Application to Shock Wave Problems 1 Introduction 2 The 2D Navier–Stokes Equations for Gas in Cylindrical Coordinate System 3 The r-power Expansion 4 Solutions of Eqs. (17)–(20) 5 The Zeroth-Order Solution and Its Use for the Determination of Shock Angles in Mach Reflection 6 Internal Structure of Triple Point Setting of Boundaries Solution in Zone (II) Streamline and Density Distribution Along It 7 Concluding Remarks References