The Routledge Handbook of Intercultural Mediation

Description

"Offering unique coverage of an emerging, interdisciplinary area, this comprehensive handbook examines the theoretical underpinnings and emergent conceptions of intercultural mediation in related fields of study. Authored by global experts in fields from intercultural communication and conflict resolution to translation studies, literature, political science, and foreign language teaching, chapters trace the history, development, and present state of approaches to intercultural mediation. The sections in this volume show how the concept of intercultural mediation has been constructed among different fields and shaped by its specific applications in an open cycle of influence. The book parses different philosophical conceptions as well as pragmatic approaches, providing ample grounding in the key perspectives on this growing field of discourse. The Routledge Handbook of Intercultural Mediation is a valuable reference for graduate and postgraduate students studying mediation, conflict resolution, intercultural communication, translation, and psychology, as well as for practitioners and researchers in those fields and beyond"-- Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Figures Tables Notes on contributors Preface Reference Introduction: The interdisciplinary vision of intercultural mediation A generic definition of intercultural mediation Intercultural mediation in conflict and dispute resolution Intercultural mediation vs. rationalistic negotiation research The search for forms of mediation in other cultures Cultural differences in disputing behavior Intercultural mediation in research on interculturality Intercultural mediation in translation research Intercultural mediation in foreign language teaching Intercultural mediation in cultural anthropology Mediation—more than just a temporary craze in intercultural research? A rapprochement of intercultural research and conflict research at the turn of the millennium Shared insight: The importance of interpersonal recognition Shared insight: New attention to the macro level Shared insight: Slow down and reflect more when interacting Shared insight: The potentials of re-framings and third spaces Shared insights: The potentials of communicative re-phrasing and paraphrasing Shared insights: Responsibility as a key Emerging promises for reciprocal enhancement Intercultural communication as a neoliberal project Deductive vs. inductive conceptions of intercultural mediation Intercultural mediation in the light of paradigm shifts in cultural theory A ride through the handbook sections and how to understand their order References Part I: Professional intercultural dispute mediation 1. Culture and mediation: A 2020s perspective on early criticism of Western paradigms Note References 2. Cross-cultural disputes and mediator strategies What is culture? What is mediation culture? What strategies, techniques, and tools for mediation are in intercultural settings? Self-assessment Case assessment Preparation and ground rules Mediator role(s) Communication/facilitation Bargaining/problem solving Reaching agreements Evaluation, feedback, and assessment Critiques of the 'standard' mediation templates References 3. De-essentializing notions of self and identity in mediation Introduction The contextual, negotiable self Confessional framing in mediation Revealing interests and needs Conclusion and the perspective of intercultural mediation Note References 4. Cultural humility in intercultural mediation Introduction The problem of community mediation: The field remains culturally homogeneous Barriers of preventing community mediation from being accessible for all The limitations of the cultural competency approach The potential of cultural humility in intercultural mediation Community mediation centers' efforts to learn through cultural humility Conclusion References 5. Intercultural mediation training Introduction State of the art: Intercultural mediation training Mediation skills Intercultural competence and communication skills Self-reflection and critical thinking skills Systemic thinking skills Intercultural mediation training methods Conclusions and recommendations References 6. Interculturality in Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) Introduction The advent of online dispute resolution Cultural variations affecting communication within the mediation process The impact of the fourth-party culture on intercultural communication The fourth-party culture The interface of the fourth-party culture with the mediator's and disputants' culture Understand the features of the relevant ODR system Be aware of individuals' likely response to the fourth party Consider how cultural preferences may affect individuals' responses to the fourth party Implications on mediation and ODR practice The online mediator The design of ODR systems Conclusion Note References 7. Policing and intercultural mediation: Forms of triadic conflict management Introduction Policing Police work Police culture Policing in multicultural societies Police interacting with citizens in intercultural contexts Intercultural conflicts between police and citizens Triadic intercultural mediation between citizens and police Prerequisites of intercultural mediation between citizens and police Police officers with multicultural backgrounds Community policing with an intercultural focus Police complaint management in multicultural contexts Conclusion References 8. Putting culture into a perspective in intercultural mediation Putting culture into a perspective in order to conceptualize intercultural mediation Perspectivity? A fruitful response to the problem of action Objects of observation Interactions among all participants Mediation process and mediators' actions Working with four perspectives in intercultural mediation: The perspectives model The perspective of the cultural knowledge of action of all mediation subjects The perspective of communicative action of all mediation subjects The perspective of the cultural constructions of all mediation subjects The perspective of power disparities among all mediation subjects References Part II: Intercultural mediation in international politics 9. Interculturality in the concept of peace mediation Introduction Terms and concepts Interculturality Peace mediation The role and relevance of interculturality in peace mediation Different types of responses to intercultural issues in peace mediation Interest based mediation: Tracing culture back to interests Identity-based mediation: Bridging the non-negotiables Hybrid, adaptive mediation: Balancing the differences Agonistic dialogue: Abandoning the consensus Conclusion: Existing building blocks and gaps to be filled Note References 10. Hybrid peace mediation in the age of pandemics Introduction International peace mediation Effects of virtualizing meetings Advantages of virtual diplomacy Disadvantages of virtual diplomacy Emerging virtual mediation strategies The future is hybrid Conclusion References 11. The political dimensions of culture and religion in mediation Introduction: Mediation across boundaries Culture and religion as meaningful and meaning-making in conflict resolution Politics, power, and empowerment Interfaith and intrafaith engagement in mediation Principles, processes, and biases Principles Processes 'Secular bias' Conclusion References 12. Third parties' involvement in contexts of political conflict and power imbalances Global trends and third-party involvement in intricate contexts Third party acts in the context of intergroup asymmetric political conflicts Framing divided society, negotiation, and third-party intervention Third-party actions in the context of Israel's asymmetric political conflict: An illustration Conclusions: Insights and further queries References 13. Seeing people in interactive peacemaking through a consciousness lens Introduction to interactive peacemaking A people-centered approach Learning and knowledge in people-centered engagement Consciousness in intercultural interactive peacemaking People-centered approach: Towards further evolution of intercultural interactive peacemaking References 14. The past is the past—or is it? Considering the role of the past in intercultural mediation Introduction What is the past? History, memory, individual, and collective remembrance Differing cultural orientations to the past Temporal orientation Immediate vs. long-term relationship to time Collective vs. individual impact Addressing the past in mediation Exploration Differing histories Acknowledgment Apology Conflict roles Mediator orientation Conclusion References 15. The politics of intercultural space: Inclusive, unobtrusive, and failed mediation Introduction: The agentive force of physical space Collective memory in the architectonic text Meta-cognition and unobtrusive 'pre-mediation' in the curatorial text Failed mediation in the visitor text Degrees of intervention in creating inclusive and intercultural social infrastructure References Part III: De-centering Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 16. Imagining a racially diverse and inclusive mediation field: Uncovering the structural hurdles An overview: Racial diversity and inclusion matter Pulling back the curtain on the mediation field Volunteerism Lack of career path and universal credentials The high walls Accessing the gatekeepers Core values of mediation Limited data Domination of ADR field by legal profession Boundaries Impact of technology Rethinking: What can be done to diversify the mediation field? References 17. Intercultural mediation from a European perspective Introduction Conflict and mediation Intercultural mediation Intercultural mediation in Europe Final thoughts References 18. Islamic forms of intercultural mediation Introduction Intercultural mediation The sources of Islamic mediation Islam and culture The traits of an intercultural mediator in Islam Sincerity Knowledge Trustworthiness Justice Reliability Wisdom The behavior of an intercultural mediator in Islam At-Ta'aruf At-Ta'akhi An-Nasīhah Ar-Rifq At-Tasamuh and Al-'Afw Conclusion References 19. Transforming conflict cultures through mediation Introduction What is culture, and how does it generate conflict? How cultures assign meaning Context, culture, and the attribution of meaning in conflict 25 ideas on culture and mediation 25 techniques for mediating cross-cultural conflicts How to transform conflict cultures in mediation—two examples Creating cultural maps in mediation References 20. Indigenous conflict management strategies beyond the ADR paradigm Introduction ADR and its discontent Some critical issues Patterns of similarity within the different indigenous cultural communities Creating the Third Force: Indigenous conflict management strategy ADR and ODR: The differences A call for paradigm shift Conclusion References Part IV: De-essentializing culture in intercultural mediation 21. The discourse of thirdness in intercultural mediation Introduction Mediating third space From third place to symbolic competence Recontextualization and reinterpretation Symbolic mediation Acknowledgment Note References 22. The triadic character of intercultural learning: Insights from edusemiotics The triadic character of intercultural communication Edusemiotics and the semiotic framework of learning An edusemiotic perspective on intercultural learning Conclusion References 23. The bridge metaphor in intercultural mediation Introduction Metaphors and frames The bridge metaphor The bridge metaphor in action Bridge building: Developing intercultural communicative competence The affordances and limitations of the bridge metaphor Alternatives to the bridge metaphor Conclusion References 24. Using creative non-fiction to pinpoint moments of deCentering in intercultural mediation DeCentering and starting from the small The relevance of creative non-fiction Demonstrating how it works Countries of origin? Stefan and searching disbelief Alicia and the Orientalist grand narrative Roxana's silence Jane, the punchline, and food for discussion The nature of intercultural mediation References 25. Emic and etic perspectives on culture in mediation Introduction Emic and etic approaches to culture Emic and etic approaches to culture in mediation Conclusion References 26. Professional dispute mediators' notions of culture Introduction Ethnographic approaches to analyzing mediation Culture's relevance for action: Subjective notions of culture Research design Results Mediation as a culture Mediation culture in contrast to national cultures Culture requires specific mediation strategies Rejecting the idea of culture as a cause of conflict Discussion Conclusion Note References 27. Design thinking and design communication for intercultural conflict management Introduction Intercultural mediation approaches Intercultural conflict management and developmental challenges Intercultural mediation design Empathy in intercultural mediation design Conclusion: Design communication for intercultural mediation References Part V: Theorizing intercultural mediation 28. Theorizing mediation from the perspective of legal anthropology Introduction Legal anthropology and dispute settlement An overview of legal anthropology Understanding disputes Lessons to be learned Conclusion References 29. Anthropological approaches to culture in conflict mediation Introduction Culture, conflict, and mediation Case studies of mediation across cultures Conclusions References 30. Anthropology and mediation in an environmental conflict: Worldview translation as synthesis Introduction Anthropology and conflict Research challenges Findings Discussion Conclusion Note References 31. Weaving together three strands of research: Culture, communication, and conflict Communication Intercultural communication Conflict Attitudes and actions Cultural experience and expression of pain Argument as conversation or conflict When conflict becomes aggression, and aggression becomes violence Conclusions References 32. Intercultural mediation as intercultural competence Introduction First acquaintance with five approaches Interactive approach Multilingualism approach Transfer approach: Intercultural competences Intercultural communication: From essentialism to non-essentialism Note References 33. It takes three to tango. A sociological triadology Postmodernity's enthusiasm for triads as a symptom of crisis Georg Simmel: Triads are the foundations of sociation Triadological insights are challenging game theory Three-sided football: A postmodern triadic social experiment Note References 34. A framework for understanding intercultural mediation from the standpoint of a systemic theory of communication Introduction Mediation Intercultural mediation Methodological presuppositions of (intercultural) mediation Conclusions References Part VI: Linguistic explorations of intercultural mediation 35. Research from conversation analysis on intercultural mediation Introduction Language difference and the accomplishment of turn taking Language difference and access to mediation Institutional procedures as barriers to access to mediation Creating, confirming, or correcting comprehension A conversation analytic perspective on intercultural mediation Religion and intra/intercultural mediation Race and intra/intercultural mediation Conclusion References 36. Managing culturality in mediation sessions: Insights from membership categorization analysis and discursive psychology Introduction Membership categorization analysis Discursive psychology Data analysis Conclusion Transcription conventions Notes References 37. Intercultural mediation from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics Introduction Intercultural pragmatics The understanding of mediation in intercultural pragmatics Mediation and metapragmatic awareness Concluding remarks References 38. Storytelling, culture, and identity in mediation Storytelling in mediation Intercultural approach to storytelling during mediation Constructing cultural identities Concluding remarks References Part VII: Psychological tools for analyzing intercultural mediation 39. Cultural intelligence in intercultural mediation Introduction Cultural intelligence Dimensions of CQ Investigations within the scope of CQ Intercultural mediation and CQ Final considerations References 40. Research from psychology on intercultural mediation: Cultural values and emotional intelligence Introduction Conflict handling styles and intercultural mediation Conflict handling styles Societal culture and the preference for conflict handling styles Emotional intelligence and the preference for conflict handling styles Methodology Literature search and selection criteria Inclusion criteria, coding, and meta-analytic procedures Results Discussion Practical implications References 41. Measuring intercultural mediation in the context of intergroup conflict: Classical and modern test theory approaches to scale assessment Intercultural competence Measurement The intercultural mediation scale Method Participants Measures Procedure Results CTT: Dimensionality MTT: Item Response Theory Discussion Future research Limitations Conclusion Note References Annex:. Intercultural mediation scale Instructions English scenarios Response options Part VIII: Translation research and intercultural mediation 42. Intercultural mediation in translation and interpreting studies Introduction Intercultural mediation in translation and interpreting The need for intercultural mediation Translation beyond language mediation Interpreting as interpersonal mediation Intercultural mediation and the role of translators and interpreters Translators as primary intercultural mediators Between 'interpreters' and 'cultural mediators' Conclusion References 43. Translation as intercultural mediation—The evolution of a paradigm Introduction Interdisciplinary epistemological shifts: The birth of a paradigm When translation encounters intercultural mediation Terminological indeterminacy and paradigmatic shortcomings References 44. The mediating role of empathy in community interpreting Introduction: Quality in interpreting Interpreters' positioning and roles: Normative ethics, negotiation, and boundaries Empathy and emotional self-regulation Conclusion References 45. Exacerbating cultural differences in translation/interpreting as intercultural mediation Conceptualising IM in translation/interpreting Methodology Main causes of IM failure in translation/interpreting Mismatched expectations Lack of power and (mediational) authority Cultural misunderstanding Insufficient linguistic and/or thematic knowledge Contextual constraints Discussion Conclusion References Part IX: Intercultural mediation in foreign language education and the arts 46. The intercultural speaker as an intercultural mediator Introduction Mediation in education Example of mediation in pedagogy Mediating concepts Mediation strategies Conclusion References 47. Intercultural mediation in contexts of translanguaging Introduction Epistemics and interpersonal behaviors in mediation in a translanguaging space Reflecting mediating behaviors with translanguaging Concluding remarks—Mediation and translanguaging as a reflexive practice References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 48. Children as intercultural mediators Introduction Defining child intercultural mediation (CIM) Translanguaging in CIM CIM as a dialogic process Power dynamics in CIM Effects and outcomes of CIM Positive outcomes Negative outcomes Future directions Conclusion References 49. Intercultural mediation in the world language classroom Introduction Territories, frontiers, and early explorations The exploration of the interstices Expanded views on mediation Future directions Conclusion References Index