Comparative Bone Identification: Human Subadult and Nonhuman ― A Field Guide

Description

Building on the success, and maintaining the format, of Comparative Bone Identification: Human Subadult and Non-Human (ISBN:9780367777883), Comparative Bone Identification: Human Subadult and Non-Human – A Field Guide presents new images of human bones representing many states of maturation from neonate to 20 years old in comparison to a variety of animal species’ bones. Highly illustrated, the book takes a visual approach and provides full annotations pointing out salient features of the most commonly discovered bones. This includes smaller bones of fetuses and subadult humans in comparison to bones of birds, reptiles, marine mammals, fish, and a frog that human bones may most be confused with. Full-color photos provide clear examples for use by law enforcement, medicolegal death investigators, forensic anthropologists, students, and readers who wish to distinguish between human bones and those of a variety of animal species. The book is not intended to be an exhaustive guide to human and nonhuman skeletons. It offers myriad photos and illustrations to help aid in identification and avoid some of the more commonly confused animal bones for human. The book begins with an introduction section on general osteology and explains the major anatomical differences between humans and other animals. The second section compares human and nonhuman bones, categorized by type of bone, and includes most of the major bones in humans and nonhumans. The third section presents of radiographs illustrated documented age in humans. Conveniently designed for field use, Comparative Bone Identification: Human Subadult to Nonhuman – A Field Guide offers users a practical comparative guide that presents the differences among species for nearly all bones in the body. The book serves as a valuable resource of easy-to-access information to investigators and forensic anthropologists for use in the laboratory or in the field. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements Part I Introduction Part II Major Bones of the Body of Different Animals Cranium Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 17 Years (+/- 30 months dental and skeletal age) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Fish White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) Rockfish (Sebastes sp.) Mandible Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 6 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 17 Years (+/- 30 months dental and skeletal age) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Fish Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) Rockfish (Sebastes sp.) Pectoral Girdle Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 17 Years (+/- 30 months dental and skeletal age) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Fish White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) Rockfish (Sebastes sp.) Sternum Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 6 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 17 Years (+/- 30 months dental and skeletal age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Ribs Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 6 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Vertebrae Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 6 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented individual) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Fish Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) Ossa Coxae Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 6 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 17 Years (+/- 30 months dental and skeletal age) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Fish Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) Rockfish (Sebastes sp.) Humerus Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 6 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 17 Years (+/- 30 months dental and skeletal age) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Radius Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Ulna Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 17 Years (+/- 30 months dental and skeletal age) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Hand Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 10 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Femur Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 6 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Tibia Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 20 Years (+/- 30 months skeletal age) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Fibula Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 18 Months (+/- 6 months dental age) 2 Years (+/- 8 months dental age) 3 Years (+/- 12 months dental age) 7 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 13 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) 18 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) Birds Chicken Immature (Gallus sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Foot Human Subadult Full Term (documented individual) 6 Years (+/- 24 months dental age) 12 Years (+/- 30 months dental age) 14 Years (documented) Birds Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Golden Eagle (Aguila chrysaetos) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Turkey (Meleagris sp.) Coscoroba Swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) Flamingo (Phoenicopterus sp.) Humbolt Penguin (Spheniscus sp.) Cassowary (Casuarius sp.) Reptiles Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) Iguana (Iguana sp.) Crocodile Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvadorii) Snapping Turtle (Chelydridae sp.) Marine Mammals Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Part III Radiographs Hand and Wrist Knee Foot and Ankle References Index