International Affairs and Canadian Migration Policy

Description

This volume examines Canada’s migration policy as part of its foreign policy. It is well known that Canada is a nation of immigrants. However, immigration policy has largely been regarded as domestic, rather than, foreign policy, with most scholarly and policy work focused on what happens after immigrants have arrived in this country. As a result, the effects of immigration to Canada on foreign affairs have been largely neglected despite the international character of immigration. The contributors to this volume underline the extent to which Canada’s relationships with individual countries and with the international community is closely affected by its immigration policies and practices and draw attention to some of these areas in the hope that it will encourage more scholarly and policy activity directed to the impact of immigration on foreign affairs. Written by both academics and policy-makers, the book analyzes some of the latest thinking and initiatives related to linkages between migration and foreign policy. Acknowledgments Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction Migration and Canadian Foreign Policy The Chapters References 2 The Political Foundations of Canadian Exceptionalism in Immigration Policy Introduction Elements of Exceptionalism: Immigration Policy and Public Opinion Explaining Exceptionalism I: Geographic Isolation, Selective Immigration, and Multiculturalism Explaining Exceptionalism II: Settlement Patterns, Citizenship Regime, and Electoral Rules Settlement Patterns An Efficient Citizenship Regime Electoral System Conclusion References 3 Canada and the UN Global Compact on Refugees: A Case Study of Influence in the Global Refugee Regime Introduction The Global Refugee Regime Canada in the Global Refugee Regime 2015 and the Road to the 2016 New York Summits The Making of the Global Compact on Refugees Explaining Canada’s Influence in the GCR Process References 4 The Coming Clash Over Migration Policy Between Canada and the United States Introduction Labour Mobility Under the USMCA Tech Sector Professionals Entry-Exit NEXUS vs. Global Entry Bilateral Data Exchange Marijuana Legalization Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and the Safe Third Country Agreement Conclusion References 5 Immigrants to Canada: Welcomed Citizens or Security Threats? Introduction Literature on Immigration and Security in Canada Landscape of Immigration in Canada Immigration Legislation in Canada Before and After 9/11 Immigration Trends Before and After 9/11 Canadian Attitudes Towards Immigrants Before and After 9/11 Conclusion Annex A Annex B References 6 Canada’s Position in the Global Competition for Talent Introduction The Impact of Global Demographics on the Demand for Talent The Skills Imperative and Canadian Immigration Policy Canada’s Attraction and Retention of Highly Skilled Permanent Residents and Temporary Foreign Workers Achieving Scale in Canada’s Attraction, Integration and Retention of Global Talent References 7 Weighing the Effects of Immigration on Canadian Prosperity: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Introduction From Seminal Debates to the Canadian Immigration Landscape Spurring Economic Growth and Prosperity? Solving Canadian Demographic Problems and Employment Shortages? The Ugly Side of Immigration Debates and the Polarised Politicisation of Human Migration Conclusion References 8 Sustainable Development and Diaspora Engagement in Canada Introduction Regarding Canada’s Diaspora Option Diaspora Philanthropy: South Africa Case Study Conclusion References 9 The Road Taken: Temporary Labour Migration in Canada’s Immigration System Introduction The Changing Policy Landscape of Canada’s Immigration System in Global Context Temporary Migration—A Growing Component of Canada’s Immigration System The Road Not Taken Conclusion: A Fork in the Road? References 10 Cities of Migration: The Role of Municipal Planning in Immigrant Settlement and Integration Introduction Increasing Ethnocultural Diversity and the Geographical Distribution of Immigrants From the Inner City to the Suburbs: The Effects of Migration on Cities The Challenges for Municipal Planning: Are Municipalities Ready? Conclusion References 11 Managing Immigration in the Canadian Federation: The Case of Quebec Introduction Constitutional Foundations and Historical Evolution Quebec’s Intercultural Approach Is Quebec Favored in Practice? Latest Developments in Quebec How Unique Is Canada’s Asymmetrical Model? Conclusion References 12 Conclusion: Will Canada’s Immigration Policy Take an International Turn?