Chinese Railways in the Era of High-Speed

Description

This book reflects on experiences in other countries and makes recommendations for improving the capability and capacity of institutions and organizations, in order to achieve sustainable development of the Chinese high-speed railway (HSR) system. Front Cover......Page 0 Chinese Railways in the Era of High Speed......Page 3 Copyright page......Page 4 List of Tables......Page 6 Glossary of Abbreviations......Page 11 Preface......Page 14 1.1. An Overview......Page 18 1.1.1. The First Stage: 1850–1948......Page 19 1.1.2. The Second Stage: 1949–1990......Page 20 1.1.3. The Third Stage: 1991–2001......Page 21 1.1.4. The Fourth Stage: 2002–Present......Page 23 1.2. Passenger Railway System......Page 25 1.3. Freight Railway System......Page 29 1.4. Key Questions......Page 34 1.5. Analytical Framework......Page 39 2.1.1. Definitions of HSR......Page 42 2.1.2. Socioeconomics of HSR......Page 44 2.1.3. Planning and Policy......Page 48 2.2. The Global HSR Revolution......Page 49 2.2.1. Japan......Page 51 2.2.3. Germany......Page 52 2.2.4. Spain......Page 53 2.2.5. The United States......Page 54 2.3. HSR Demand in China......Page 55 2.3.1. Evolutions of Demand for Railway Service......Page 56 2.3.2. Railway Travel Characteristics......Page 58 2.3.2.1. Safety......Page 59 2.3.2.4. Convenience......Page 60 2.3.3. Travel Demand in Peak Seasons......Page 61 2.4. HSR Development Strategy in China......Page 64 2.4.1. Domestic Development Strategy......Page 66 2.4.2. International Development Strategy......Page 70 Chapter 3 High-Speed Rail Implementation......Page 74 3.1.1. Indigenous Technology......Page 76 3.1.2. Foreign Technology Acquisition......Page 79 3.1.2.2. Assimilation......Page 81 3.1.2.3. Transformation and exploitation......Page 83 3.2. HSR Finance......Page 89 3.2.1. Capital Investment in HSR......Page 90 3.2.2. Financial Sources of HSR......Page 93 3.2.2.1. Central budget fund......Page 94 3.2.2.3. Special fund for railway construction......Page 95 3.2.2.5. Domestic bank loan......Page 96 3.2.2.6. Railway bond......Page 97 3.2.2.8. Funding from rail enterprises......Page 99 3.2.2.9. Other financing mechanisms......Page 100 3.2.3. Case Review of HSR Financing: Beijing-Shanghai PDL......Page 101 3.3.1. HSR Station......Page 104 3.3.1.1. Guidelines for station planning, design, and construction......Page 105 3.3.1.3. Location......Page 106 3.3.1.4. Function......Page 108 3.3.2. HSR Route......Page 111 3.3.2.1. Project delivery......Page 112 3.3.2.2. Cost of construction......Page 113 3.3.2.3. Engineering environment......Page 115 3.3.4. Tunnels......Page 116 3.4. Marketing......Page 120 3.4.1. Diplomacy......Page 122 3.4.2. Motivation......Page 124 3.4.2.2. Exchange of resources......Page 125 3.4.2.4. Financial risk......Page 126 3.4.2.5. Improving the trade environment......Page 128 Chapter 4 Challenges for China's High-Speed Rail System......Page 129 4.1.1. Regional Disparity in China......Page 130 4.1.2. The New Economic Geography......Page 132 4.1.3. Regional Impact of the Chinese HSR Network......Page 133 4.1.3.1. Megalopolises......Page 134 4.1.3.2. Cities: Large, medium, and small......Page 137 4.1.3.3. Urban and rural......Page 138 4.2. Societal Inequity......Page 139 4.2.1. Ticket Reservation and Distribution......Page 140 4.2.2. Societal Inequity during HSR Deployment......Page 141 4.2.3. HSR and Income Disparity......Page 147 4.3. System Reliability......Page 150 4.3.1. Natural Factors......Page 151 4.3.2. Human Factors......Page 154 4.3.3. The “7.23” HSR Accident......Page 156 4.3.4. Equipment Defects......Page 157 4.4.1. Financial Performance......Page 158 4.4.2. Debt Crisis......Page 160 4.4.3. Financing Risk......Page 162 4.4.4. Private Capital Dilemma......Page 163 4.5.1. Ministry of Railways: The Last Fortress of the Planned Economy......Page 165 4.5.2. Institutional Reform......Page 169 4.5.3. Unsolved Institutional Challenges......Page 171 4.6.1. Domestic Market Competition......Page 173 4.6.1.1. Aviation......Page 174 4.6.1.2. Road transportation......Page 176 4.6.1.3. Conventional passenger rail......Page 177 4.6.2. International Market Competition......Page 178 Chapter 5 International Best Practices: Railway Reform and Management......Page 181 5.1.1. Background......Page 182 5.1.2. JNR Privatization......Page 183 5.1.3. Reform Outcomes......Page 184 5.1.4. Lessons for the Chinese Railways......Page 185 5.2.1. Background......Page 188 5.2.2. Privatization and Franchising......Page 189 5.2.3. Reform Outcomes......Page 191 5.2.4. Lessons for the Chinese Railways......Page 194 5.3.1. Background......Page 195 5.3.2. French Railway Restructuring: From Separation to Integration......Page 197 5.3.3. Reform Outcomes......Page 199 5.3.4. Lessons for the Chinese Railways......Page 202 5.4.1. Background......Page 205 5.4.2. German Railway Reform......Page 206 5.4.3. Reform Outcomes......Page 209 5.4.4. Lessons for the Chinese Railways......Page 212 5.5.1. Background......Page 213 5.5.2. Rail Business Restructuring and Railroad Deregulation......Page 216 5.5.3. Reform Outcomes......Page 218 5.5.4. Lessons for the Chinese Railways......Page 220 6.1. Organizational Restructuring......Page 223 6.1.1. Vertical Separation......Page 224 6.1.2. Horizontal Separation......Page 226 6.1.3. A Mixed Separation......Page 227 6.1.4. SWOT......Page 228 6.2.1. Passenger Rail Pricing......Page 232 6.2.2. Freight Rail Pricing......Page 234 6.3. Transparency......Page 237 6.3.1.1. Tender for rail project development......Page 238 6.3.1.3. Rail service outsourcing......Page 239 6.3.2. The Key for Achieving Transparency......Page 241 6.4. Marketization......Page 243 6.4.1. Privatization vs. Marketization......Page 244 6.4.2. Motivations......Page 246 6.4.3. Recommendations......Page 248 7.1. Factors in the Success of Chinese HSR......Page 249 7.2. Implications for China......Page 251 7.3. Implications for Other Countries......Page 253 7.4. Looking into the Future......Page 254 References......Page 256 Acknowledgments......Page 264 About the Authors......Page 266 Index......Page 268