Controlling Contested Places: Late Antique Antioch and the Spatial Politics of Religious Controversy

Description

From constructing new buildings to describing rival-controlled areas as morally and physically dangerous, leaders in late antiquity fundamentally shaped their physical environment and thus the events that unfolded within it. Controlling Contested Places maps the city of Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) through the topographically sensitive vocabulary of cultural geography, demonstrating the critical role played by physical and rhetorical spatial contests during the tumultuous fourth century. Paying close attention to the manipulation of physical places, Christine Shepardson exposes some of the powerful forces that structured the development of religious orthodoxy and orthopraxy in the late Roman Empire. Theological claims and political support were not the only significant factors in determining which Christian communities gained authority around the Empire. Rather, Antioch’s urban and rural places, far from being an inert backdrop against which events transpired, were ever-shifting sites of, and tools for, the negotiation of power, authority, and religious identity. This book traces the ways in which leaders like John Chrysostom, Theodoret, and Libanius encouraged their audiences to modify their daily behaviors and transform their interpretation of the world (and landscape) around them. Shepardson argues that examples from Antioch were echoed around the Mediterranean world, and similar types of physical and rhetorical manipulations continue to shape the politics of identity and perceptions of religious orthodoxy to this day. Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xiii List of Roman Emperors and Bishops of Antioch xv Timeline of Key Events xvii Maps xx Introduction: Th e Lay of the Land 1 1. Th e Power of Prestigious Places: Teaching and Preaching in Fourth-Century Antioch 31 2. Burying Babylas: Place-Marketing and the Politics of Memory 58 3. Being Correctly Christian: John Chrysostom’s Rhetoric in 386–87 92 4. Transformative Transgressions: Exploiting the Urban/Rural Divide 129 5. Mapping a Textured Landscape: Temples, Martyrs, and Ascetics 163 6. Elsewhere in the Empire 204 Conclusion: Controlling Contested Places 241 Bibliography 255 Index 283