A Critique of Soviet Economics

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Contents Introduction Notes on the Texts PART I: CHAPTERS 20-23 1. From Capitalism to Socialism 2. The Transition Period 3. Universal and Particular Characteristics of the Proletarian Revolution in Various Countries 4. The Question of “Peaceful Transition” 5. From the Democratic Revolution to the Socialist Revolution—Several Problems 6. Violence and the Proletarian Dictatorship 7. The Form of the Proletarian State 8. Transforming Capitalist Industry and Commerce 9. Middle Peasants 10. The Worker-Peasant Alliance 11. The Transformation of Intellectuals 12. The Relationship Between Industrialization and Agricultural Collectivization 13. War and Revolution 14. Is Revolution Harder in Backward Countries? 15. Is Large-Scale Industry the Foundation of Socialist Transformation? 16. Lenin’s Discussion of the Unique Features of Taking the Socialist Road 17. The Rate of Industrialization Is a Critical Problem 18. Achieve a High Rate of Industrialization by Concurrent Promotion of Small, Medium, and Large Enterprise 19. Is Long-Term Coexistence Between Two Types of Socialist Ownership Possible? 20. The Socialist Transformation of Agriculture Cannot Depend Only on Mechanization 21. So-Called Full Consolidation 22. War and Peace 23. Is Unanimity the Motive Force of Social Development? 24. Rights of Labor Under Socialism 25. Is the Transition to Communism a Revolution? 26. The Claim That “for China There Is No Necessity to Adopt Acute Forms of Class Struggle” 27. The Time Period for Building Socialism 28. Further Discussion of the Relationship Between Industrialization and Socialist Transformation PART II: CHAPTERS 24-29 29. Contradictions Between Socialist Production Relations and Productive Forces 30. The Transition from Collective to People’s Ownership Is Inevitable 31. Individual Property 32. Contradiction Is the Motive Force of Development in a Socialist Society 33. The Dialectical Process of Knowledge 34. Unions and the Single Leadership System 35. Starting from Fundamental Principles and Rules Is Not the Marxist Method 36. Can Advanced Experience Be Popularized Effortlessly? 37. Planning 38. Priority Growth in Producing the Means of Production; Concurrent Promotion of Industry and Agriculture 39. “Distribution Is Determinative”—An Erroneous View 40. Politics in Command and Material Incentive 41. Balance and Imbalance 42. “Material Incentives” 43. Interpersonal Relations in Socialist Enterprises 44. Crash Programs, Accelerated Work 45. The Law of Value and Planning 46. Forms of Wages 47. Two Questions About Prices PART III: CHAPTERS 30-34 48. Concurrent Promotion of the Foreign and the Native, the Large, Medium, and Small 49. Which First, Tractors or Cooperatives? 50. Two Goals: Large and Public 51. What Is the Fundamental Reason for the Special Emphasis on Material Interest 52. It Is for the People to Act 53. Transport and Commerce 54. Concurrent Promotion of Industry and Agriculture 55. Standards for Accumulation PART IV: CHAPTER 35 TO THE CONCLUSION 56. The Communist State 57. Transition to Communism 58. The Future Development of Collective Ownership 59. Eliminating the Difference Between Urban and Rural 60. The Problem of the Various Socialist Countries Setting Up an Economic System 61. Can the Development of the Various Socialist Countries Be Evened Up? 62. The Ultimate Question Is One of System 63. Relations Between the Two Economic Systems in the World 64. Criticism of Stalin 65. The Text's General Point of View 66. How to Write a Text on Political Economy 67. How to Study Appearances to Reach Essences 68. Philosophy Must Serve the Political Tasks Facing Us SUPPLEMENT 1. China’s Industrialization Problems 2. Social Position and Individual Capacity 3. Relying on the Masses 4. The Soviet Union and China: A Few Points to Compare in the Development Process 5. The Process of Forming and Consolidating a General Line 6. Contradictions Among the Imperialist Nations and Other Matters 7. Why China’s Industrial Revolution Can Be Very Rapid 8. Population* Notes