Therapeutic Nanocarriers in Cancer Treatment: Challenges and Future Perspective

Description

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and therapy through targeted drug delivery. Advances in protein engineering and materials science have led to the development of nanocarriers (NCs), which have helped overcome the challenges faced during conventional cancer treatment. These nanocarriers serve as an efficient transport module for drugs. Nano-drug delivery has emerged as a promising technology that results in early detection and better treatment of various cancers. The approved nanoparticles currently used in cancer treatment strategies include liposomes, dendrimers, polyplexes, solid lipid nano-carriers, etc. These nanocarriers can potentially provide a quick, safe, and cost-effective method in cancer therapy and management. This book presents thirteen chapters that cover cancer nanotherapeutics for various cancers. The reference covers lung, breast, cervical, ovarian, colon, prostate, and head and neck cancers. Each chapter reviews advanced data from existing and ongoing clinical research and major regulatory considerations. A list of scientific references for further reading supplements every chapter. Readers will be able to understand recent advances and challenges faced by researchers in cancer nanomedicine. This reference book will greatly benefit undergraduate and postgraduate students, oncologists, pharmacists, and researchers involved in nanomedicine and nano-drug delivery. Cover Title Copyright End User License Agreement Contents Foreword Preface ACKNOWLEDGMENTS List of Contributors Cancer Biology Aakanchha Jain1,2,*, Shiv Kumar Prajapati3, Dolly Jain4, Richa Jain5, Amrita Kumari Panda6, Nagma Parveen7, Satpal Singh Bisht7 and Santosh Kumar Behera1 INTRODUCTION CANCER INCIDENCE AND ETIOLOGY Histopathology CANCER GENETICS Protooncogene Antioncogenes Apoptosis Regulator Gene DNA Repair Gene TUMOUR VASCULATURE HALLMARKS TO CANCER BIOMARKERS FOR CANCER: WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW DO THEY HELP? Some Other Important Cancer Biomarkers METABOLIC TRANSFORMATION IN CANCER Cell Cycle–Targeted Cancer Therapies APOPTOSIS AND CANCER STEM CELLS TARGETED CANCER THERAPY Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) in Cancer Treatment Adult Stem Cells in Cancer Treatment Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in Cancer Treatment TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN CANCER p53 Retinoblastoma (Rb) PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue) CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Nanotechnology for Cancer Treatment: An Introduction Farhan Mazahir1, Anchal Pathak1, Ujala Gupta1 and Awesh K. Yadav1,* INTRODUCTION POLYMERIC NCS Polymeric NCs: Polycaprolactone (PCL) NCs Polymeric NCs: Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) NPs Polymeric NCs: Polyplexes Polymeric NCs: Chitosan (CHN) NPs MICELLES (MCS) MICELLES (MCS): NIOSOMES NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS (NLCS) INORGANIC NCS (INCS) Inorganic NCs (INCs): Iron-Based NCs Inorganic NCs (INCs):Au - Based NCs Inorganic NCs (INCs): Gadolinium (Gd) Based NCs MESOPOROUS SILICA-BASED NPS (MSNPS) MSNPs and Tumor Targeting MSNPs Based NPs in Photothermal Therapy (PTT) MSNs in Gene Therapy OTHER CARRIERS FOR PTT Ag-based NCs Copper Sulfide-based NCs CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Potential Approaches for Delivery of Surface Decorated Nano-carriers in the Management of Carcinoma B. Patil1, A. Tiwari1, S.P. Pandey1, T. Shukla2,* and N. Upmanyu3,4 INTRODUCTION Cancer Nanocarriers IMPORTANCE OF NANO-CARRIERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CANCER DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO SURFACE MODIFICATION OF NANOPARTICLES WITH THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CANCER Surface Modification With Polyethylene Glycol(PEG) Use of Pegylated Di-bock Polymers for the Formation of Nanocarrier Use of Pegylated Tri-block Polymers for the Formation of Nanocarriers Pegylation of Already Formed Vesicles Formulation of Stimuli-sensitive Nanocarrier pH-sensitive Nanocarriers Temperature Sensitive Nanocarrier Surface Modification Using Different Ligands Modification of Nano-carrier/Nanoparticles Surface With Transferrin Modification of Nano-carrier/Nanoparticles Surface with Folate Modification of Nano-carrier/Nanoparticles Surface with Aptamers Modification of Nano-carrier/Nanoparticle Surface with Peptides and Monoclonal Antibodies Modification of Nano-carrier Surface with Anisamide Modification of Nano-carrier Surface with Cell-penetrating Peptides Other Approaches to Surface Modification Light-sensitive Nano Preparation Ultrasound-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems Magnetic field-sensitive Nano Preparation- Role of Surface-modified Nano-carriers in the Diagnosis of Different Types of Cancer CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES Importance of Surface-modified Nanocarriers (SMN) in the Management of Cancer Meghna A. Singh1, Azmi Khan1, Tarani P. Shrivastava2, Firdos Khan3, Ajay Sharma4 and Madhu Gupta1,* INTRODUCTION PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL BARRIERS IN TUMOR TARGETING NEED OF NANO-FORMULATIONS IN CANCER TREATMENT BIODEGRADABLE AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS Biodegradable Polymers Mechanism of the Breakdown of Biodegradable Polymers Examples of Biodegradable Polymers Non-Biodegradable Polymers Examples of Non-Biodegradable Polymers TARGETED DELIVERY FOR SMN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CANCER Passive Targeting Active Targeting CHALLENGES FOR SMNS IN CANCER DRUG TARGETING CLINICALLY APPROVED/ PATENTED NANO-FORMULATIONS CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCE Targeted Nanocarriers-based Approach For Prostate Cancer Therapy Ashish Garg1, Vijay Sagar Madamsetty2, Sumel Ashique3, Vinod Gauttam4 and Neeraj Mishra5,* INTRODUCTION PROSTATE CANCER NANOCARRIERS & NANOTECHNOLOGY ROUTES OF DRUG DELIVERY TO THE PROSTATE Systemic Route Locoregional Routes Intraprostatic Route Vas Deferens Transrectal NANOPARTICLES SYSTEM FOR PROSTATE TARGETING CLASSIFICATIONS Prostate Cancer and Liposomal Nanoparticles Systems of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment System of Carbon-based Dendrimeric Device Quantum Dot Platform System of Gold Nanoparticulate Platform for Metallic Nanoparticle PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY APPROACH Prostate Cancer Fluorescence Diagnosis Using Nanotechnologies Targeted PSA Nanoprobe for Imaging Prostate Cancer Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Nanoprobes for Imaging Prostate Cancer RECENT AND ONGOING CLINICAL TRIALS FOR PROSTATE CANCER TREATMENT CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES Nanocarriers and their Role in the Treatment of Breast Cancer Sidhartha S. Kar1, Arghya Kusum Dhar2,* and Shvetank Bhatt3 INTRODUCTION CONVENTIONAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER LIMITATIONS OF THE CURRENT BREAST CANCER TREATMENTS NANODELIVERY SYSTEMS IN THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NPS TYPES OF NANOCARRIERS Lipid-based Nanocarriers Features of Lipid-based Nanocarriers Liposomes Advantages Disadvantages Solid lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) Advantages Disadvantages Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) Advantages Disadvantages Lipid-polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Advantages Disadvantages Nanoemulsions Advantages Disadvantages Example Polymeric Nanoparticles Dendrimers Polymeric Micelles Polymer-drug Conjugates Inorganic Nanoparticles Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Quantum Dots Carbon-based Nanoparticles Carbon Nanotubes Carbon Dots Fullerene and Graphene Magnetic Nanoparticles Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) Silica Nanoparticles Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Other Inorganic Nanoparticles Antibody-conjugated Nanoparticles Exosomes as Nanocarrier Virus-based NPs NANOCARRIERS AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE APPLICATIONS OF NANOCARRIERS IN BREAST CANCER STEM CELL THERAPY CLINICAL TRIALS FOR NANOPARTICLES TARGETING BREAST CANCER CONTINUING CHALLENGES IN NANOCARRIERS DEVELOPMENT CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Importance of Surface-modified Nanocarriers in the Management of Cervical Cancer Hari Krishnareddy Rachamalla1 and Vijay Sagar Madamsetty1,* INTRODUCTION TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES LOCALIZATION INTO THE TUMOR ROLE OF SURFACE-ENGINEERED LIPOSOMES IN CERVICAL CANCER ROLE OF SURFACE ENGINEERED METAL NANOCARRIERS IN CERVICAL CANCER ROLE OF SURFACE ENGINEERED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES IN CERVICAL CANCER ROLE OF SURFACE ENGINEERED CARBON-BASED NANOPARTICLES IN CERVICAL CANCER ROLE OF SURFACE ENGINEERED POLYMERIC MICELLES (PMS) IN CERVICAL CANCER ROLE OF SURFACE-ENGINEERED DENDRIMERS IN CERVICAL CANCER CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES Importance of Nanocarriers in Colon Cancer Neha Srivastava1,2, Yachana Mishra3 and Vijay Mishra2,* INTRODUCTION EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COLON CANCER Incidence Mortality PATHOGENESIS Progression of Carcinoma Sequence Chromosomal Instability Pathway/APC Pathway Mismatch Repair Mechanism Hypermethylation BRAF Pathway NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED APPROACHES FOR COLON CANCER TREATMENT Liposomes Nanoparticles Self-nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Carbon Nanotubes Polymeric Nanoparticles Dendrimers SMART DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Nanocarriers in The Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer Ashish Garg1,*, Vaibhav Kumar S. Gawali2, Rupesh K. Gautam3, Rajeev K. Singla4,5 and Sumel Ashique6 INTRODUCTION PRESENT ADJUVANT OF CHEMOTHERAPY AGAINST THE HNC HNC NANOPARTICLES THERAPY HNC Therapy Material Requirement HNC Therapy Nanostructure Requirements DELIVERY OF TARGETED NANOPARTICLES FOR THERAPY OF HNC Strategy of Targeted Delivery for the Therapy of HNC ORGANIZATION ROUTES FOR THE THERAPY OF HNC CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEGEMENT REFERENCES Accounts on the Nano-carrier System for Diagnosis Purposes S.P. Pandey1,*, P. Jangied1, T. Shukla2, Tripathi A.3 and N. Upmanyu3,4 INTRODUCTION DIFFERENT NANO-CARRIERS USED FOR DIAGNOSIS Polymeric Nano-carrier Polymeric Nanoparticles Polymeric Micelles Polyplexes Dendrimers Lipid-based Nanocarriers Nanoemulsions Liposomes/Niosomes Niosomes Lipoplexes Solid lipid Nanocarriers/Nanostructures Lipid Carriers Inorganic Nanocarriers Metal-based Nanoparticles Quantum Dots Carbon Nanotubes Others NANOTECHNOLOGY BASED FORMULATION AT THE CLINICAL LEVEL CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES: Toxicology Related to Nanoparticles – Challenges and Future Prospects Sweta Garg1,*, Prakash Pandey2, Sumel Ashique3 and Neeraj Mishra4 INTRODUCTION NANOMATERIAL Properties and application of Nanomaterials Routes for Nanoparticle Administration Inhalation Exposure Dermal Exposure Ingestion Medical use of Nanoparticles Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Gene Therapy Treatment of Neural Degeneration Tissue Engineering Antimicrobial Activity Orthopaedic Implants Dental Application Cardiovascular Applications Dermal Applications NANOTOXICITY TOXICITY OF NANOMATERIALS Metal Nanomaterials Metal Oxide Nanomaterials Carbon Nanomaterials Quantum Dots TOXIC EFFECTS OF NANOPARTICLES ON SYSTEMS Circulatory System Digestive System Endocrine System Immune System Respiratory System Urinary System Nervous System Reproductive System Hazardous Effect of Nanomaterials THE TOXICITY MECHANISM OF NANOPARTICLES TOXICITY TESTING CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEGEMENT REFERENCES Cancer Drug Products Containing Nano-materials: Key Regulatory Issues Jinu Mathew1, Pallav Namdeo1 and Ashish Garg1,* INTRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO-MATERIALS ANTI-CANCER DRUG COMPOUNDS AND PRODUCTS CONTAINING NANO-MATERIALS TRENDS IN APPROVAL AND DEVELOPMENT NANO-MATERIALS FOR CANCER TREATMENT Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil) Myocet ThermoDox Liposomal Daunorubicin (DaunoXome) Paclitaxel protein-bound, Albumin-bound Paclitaxel (Abraxane) EndoTAG-1 Liposomal Cisplatin (Lipoplatin) Onco TCS: Vincristine Vinorelbine DepoCyt (Liposomal Cytarabine) Annamycin Oncaspar (Asparaginase) Camptothecins Lurtotecan Irinotecan (NKTR-102) REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR NANO-MATERIAL-BASED FORMULATION THE APPLICATION REVIEW PROCESS Types of NDA, as per Section 505 of the FD&C Act Biologics License Application (BLA) 505(j) (Generics) SPECIAL REGULATORY PROVISION FOR CANCER PRODUCTS REGULATORY CHALLENGES FOR NANOMEDICINES GLOBAL STRATEGIES FOR THE REGULATION OF NANO-MATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND TARGETING FOR ANTI-CANCER SUBSTANCES [USA] USA UK EU Canada & Japan Others FUTURE PERSPECTIVE CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Future Prospective and Challenges in the Treatment of Cancer Aakriti Garg1, Santanu Kaity2, Manisha Thakur3, Ashok Kumar Datusalia3 and Anoop Kumar4,* INTRODUCTION CURRENT CHALLENGES FOR CANCER TREATMENT Breast Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges Lung Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges GIT Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges Hepatic Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges Prostate Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges Blood Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges Skin Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges Pancreatic Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges FUTURE PERSPECTIVES CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Subject Index Back Cover