Carbon Capture Technologies for Gas-Turbine-Based Power Plants

Description

Carbon Capture Technologies for Gas-Turbine-Based Power Plants explores current progress in one of the most capable technologies for carbon capture in gas-turbine-based power plants. It identifies the primary benefits and shortcomings of oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture technology compared to other capture technologies such as pre-combustion and post-combustion capture. This book examines over 20 different oxy-combustion turbine (oxyturbine) power cycles by providing their main operational parameters, thermodynamics and process modelling, energy and exergy analysis and performance evaluation. The conventional natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant with post-combustion capture used as the base-case scenario. The design procedure and operational characteristics of a radial NOx-less oxy-fuel gas turbine combustor are presented with CFD simulation and performance analysis of the heat exchanger network and turbomachinery. Overview of oxygen production and air separation units (ASU) and CO2 compression and purification units (CPU) are also presented and discussed. The most advanced stages of development for the leading oxyturbine power cycles are assessed using techno-economic analysis, sensitivity, risk assessments and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and analysing technology readiness level (TRL) and development stages. The book concludes with a road map for the development of future gas turbine-based power plants with full carbon capture capabilities using the experiences of the recently demonstrated cycles. Front Cover Carbon Capture Technologies for Gas-Turbine-Based Power Plants Copyright Page Dedication Contents Preface Acknowledgment 1 An introduction to gas turbine systems 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Introduction to the gas turbine technology 1.3 Categories of gas turbines 1.4 Type of gas turbine 1.4.1 Single-shaft gas turbine 1.4.2 Dual-shaft gas turbine with a power turbine 1.4.3 Triple-shaft gas turbine with a power turbine 1.4.4 Open and closed thermodynamic cycles of gas turbine 1.5 Environmental impact 1.6 Summary References 2 Main technologies in CO2 capture 2.1 Post-combustion capture 2.1.1 Physical absorption 2.1.2 Selective exhaust gas recirculation (S-EGR) method 2.1.2.1 Chemical absorption technology 2.1.2.2 Physical adsorbent 2.1.2.3 Chemical adsorbent (amine-based) 2.2 Pre-combustion capture 2.2.1 Chemical process 2.2.2 Membrane 2.2.3 Hydrogen production technologies 2.2.3.1 Steam methane reforming 2.2.3.2 Autothermal reforming 2.2.3.3 Vacuum pressure swing adsorption cycle 2.2.3.4 Renewable sources 2.3 Oxy-fuel combustion capture 2.3.1 Oxy-combustion classification 2.4 CO2 Capture technologies comparison 2.5 Summary Reference 3 Oxyturbine power cycles and gas-CCS technologies 3.1 Semiclosed oxycombustion combined cycle 3.1.1 Semiclosed oxycombustion combined cycle technologies 3.2 The COOPERATE cycle 3.2.1 The COOPERATE cycle technologies 3.3 The MATIANT cycle 3.4 The E-MATIANT cycle 3.5 CC-MATIANT cycle 3.5.1 CC-METIANT technologies 3.6 The Graz cycle 3.6.1 Graz cycle technologies 3.7 The S-Graz cycle 3.7.1 The S-Graz cycle technologies 3.8 The AZEP 100% cycle 3.8.1 The AZEP 100% cycle technologies 3.9 The AZEP 85% cycle 3.10 The ZEITMOP cycle 3.10.1 ZEITMOP technologies 3.11 The COOLCEP-S cycle 3.11.1 COOLCEP technologies 3.12 The COOLCEP-C cycle 3.12.1 COOLCEP-C technologies 3.13 Novel O2/CO2 cycle 3.13.1 The novel O2/CO2 technologies 3.14 NetPower cycle 3.15 Clean energy system cycle 3.15.1 The clean energy system technologies 3.16 Natural gas combined cycle 3.17 The natural gas combined cycle power plant with postcombustion capture 3.18 Summary References 4 Process modelling and performance analysis of the leading oxyturbine cycles 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Oxycombustion power cycle theories and calculations 4.2.1 Thermodynamic concept and equations 4.2.1.1 Continuity 4.2.1.2 Energy conservation 4.2.1.3 Energy quality (second law of thermodynamic) 4.2.1.4 Thermodynamic cycles 4.2.2 Exergy equations for the oxyfuel combustion cycle 4.2.3 Exergy destruction equations 4.2.4 Equation of state for gas turbine and steam turbine 4.3 Modelling and simulation 4.3.1 Plant simulation with a numerical approach 4.3.2 Aspen Plus pros and cons 4.3.3 Modelling equipment in Aspen Plus 4.3.3.1 Distillation column 4.3.3.2 Stripper (or desorption) 4.3.3.3 Absorption (opposite of striping) 4.3.3.4 Separator blocks in Aspen Plus 4.3.4 MATLAB code link with Aspen Plus 4.4 Oxy combustion cycles modelling and simulation 4.4.1 The semiclosed oxycombustion combined cycle cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.2 The COOPERATE cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.3 The E-MATIANT cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.4 The CC_MATIANT cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.5 The Graz cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.6 The S-Graz cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.7 The AZEP 100% cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.8 The ZEITMOP cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.9 The cool clean efficient power-s cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.10 The cool clean efficient power-c cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.11 The Novel O2/CO2 modelling and analysis 4.4.12 The NetPower cycle modelling and analysis 4.4.13 The S-CES cycle modelling and analysis 4.5 Exergy analysis of leading oxycombustion cycles 4.5.1 The semiclosed oxycombustion combined cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.2 The COOPERATE cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.3 The E-MATIANT cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.4 The CC_MATIANT cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.5 The Graz cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.6 The S-Graz cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.7 The AZEP 100% cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.8 The ZEITMOP cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.9 The cool clean efficient power-S (COOLCEP-S) cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.10 The cool clean efficient power-C (COOLCEP-C) cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.11 The Novel O2/CO2 modelling and analysis 4.5.12 The NetPower cycle modelling and analysis 4.5.13 The S-CES cycle modelling and analysis 4.6 Summary References 5 Design characteristics of oxyfuel combustor, heat exchanger network and turbomachinery 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Conventional combustors 5.3 Oxyfuel combustor design 5.3.1 Oxyfuel combustor consideration 5.3.2 Oxyfuel combustor operating points 5.3.3 Oxyfuel combustor type selection and full schematic 5.3.4 Oxyfuel combustor air distribution 5.3.5 Oxyfuel combustor diffuser 5.3.6 Oxyfuel swirler 5.3.7 Oxyfuel combustor recirculation zone 5.3.8 Oxyfuel holes 5.3.9 Oxyfuel injector 5.3.10 Oxyfuel combustor schematic 5.4 Oxyfuel combustor modelling 5.4.1 Oxyfuel combustor profile design 5.4.2 Oxyfuel combustor comparison with air-fired combustor 5.5 Oxyfuel combustor influence on turbomachinery 5.5.1 The turbine fluid composition influence on the feed inlet volume rate and on the turbine enthalpy drop 5.5.2 The compressor–turbine matching 5.5.3 Blade cooling 5.5.3.1 Effect of composition 5.5.3.2 Effect of pressure-ratio 5.6 Oxyfuel heat exchanger network 5.7 Summary References 6 Oxygen production and air separation units 6.1 Cryogenic air separation unit 6.1.1 Pilot scale 6.1.2 Air separation unit development 6.2 Noncryogenic air separation unit 6.2.1 Adsorption 6.2.2 Pressure swing adsorption 6.2.3 Vacuum pressure swing adsorption 6.2.4 Chemical processes 6.2.5 Polymeric membranes 6.2.6 Ion transport membrane 6.2.7 Chemical looping combustion 6.3 CO2 compression and purification unit 6.3.1 Flue gas compression and drying 6.3.2 Partial condensation 6.3.3 Distillation 6.3.4 CO2 final product compressor 6.4 Summary References 7 Technoeconomic, risk analysis and technology readiness level in oxyturbine power cycles 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Turbine inlet temperature comparison of oxycombustion cycles 7.3 Turbine outlet temperature comparison of oxycombustion cycles 7.4 Combustion outlet pressure comparison of oxycombustion cycles 7.5 Exergy and thermal efficiency comparison of oxycombustion cycles 7.6 CO2/kWh for storage comparison of oxycombustion cycles 7.7 Technology readiness level 7.7.1 Combustion technology readiness level 7.7.2 CO2 compression and purification unit technology readiness level 7.7.3 SCOCC-CC technology readiness level 7.7.4 Graze cycle technology readiness level 7.7.5 CES technology readiness level 7.7.6 NetPower technology readiness level 7.8 Performance analysis 7.9 Technoeconomic analysis of oxycombustion cycles 7.9.1 Cost rate 7.9.2 Exergoeconomics 7.9.3 Levellised cost of electricity 7.10 Radar chart for comparison of the oxycombustion cycles 7.11 Summary Reference 8 Conclusions and future works 8.1 Conclusions 8.2 Future work and critical appraisal Index Back Cover