Genetics: Analysis and Principles

Description

Genetics: Analysis and Principles is a one-semester, introductory genetics textbook that takes an experimental approach to understanding genetics. By weaving one or two experiments into the narrative of each chapter, students can simultaneously explore the scientific method and understand the genetic principles that have been learned from these experiments. The pedagogy of Genetics: Analysis & Principles has been designed to foster student learning. Instead of being a collection of facts and figures,this text is intended to be an engaging and motivating textbook in which formative assessment allows students to move ahead and learn the material in a productive way. Cover Title Copyright Preface PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 1 OVERVIEW OF GENETICS 1.1 THE MOLECULAR EXPRESSION OF GENES 1.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENES AND TRAITS 1.3 FIELDS OF GENETICS 1.4 THE SCIENCE OF GENETICS PART II: PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE 2 MENDELIAN INHERITANCE 2.1 MENDEL'S STUDY OF PEA PLANTS 2.2 LAW OF SEGREGATION 2.3 LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT 2.4 STUDYING INHERITANCE PATTERNS IN HUMANS 2.5 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS 3 CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION DURING CELL DIVISION AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION 3.1 GENERAL FEATURES OF CHROMOSOMES 3.2 CELL DIVISION 3.3 MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS 3.4 MEIOSIS 3.5 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION 3.6 THE CHROMOSOME THEORY OF INHERITANCE AND SEX CHROMOSOMES 4 EXTENSIONS OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE 4.1 OVERVIEW OF SIMPLE INHERITANCE PATTERNS 4.2 DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE ALLELES 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION 4.4 INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE, OVERDOMINANCE, AND CODOMINANCE 4.5 GENES ON SEX CHROMOSOMES 4.6 SEX- INFLUENCED AND SEX-LIMITED INHERITANCE 4.7 LETHAL ALLELES 4.8 UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX PHENOTYPES CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN SINGLE GENES 4.9 GENE INTERACTIONS 5 NON- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE 5.1 MATERNAL EFFECT 5.2 EPIGENETICS: DOSAGE COMPENSATION 5.3 EPIGENETICS: GENOMIC IMPRINTING 5.4 EXTRANUCLEAR INHERITANCE 6 GENETIC LINKAGE AND MAPPING IN EUKARYOTES 6.1 OVERVIEW OF LINKAGE 6.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINKAGE AND CROSSING OVER 6.3 GENETIC MAPPING IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS 6.4 GENETIC MAPPING IN HAPLOID EUKARYOTES 6.5 MITOTIC RECOMBINATION 7 GENETIC TRANSFER AND MAPPING IN BACTERIA 7.1 OVERVIEW OF GENETIC TRANSFER IN BACTERIA 7.2 BACTERIAL CONJUGATION 7.3 CONJUGATION AND MAPPING VIA HFR STRAINS 7.4 BACTERIAL TRANSDUCTION 7.5 BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATION 7.6 MEDICAL RELEVANCE OF HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER 8 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER 8.1 MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES 8.2 CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE: AN OVERVIEW 8.3 DELETIONS AND DUPLICATIONS 8.4 INVERSIONS AND TRANSLOCATIONS 8.5 CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME NUMBER: AN OVERVIEW 8.6 VARIATION IN THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES WITHIN A SET: ANEUPLOIDY 8.7 VARIATION IN THE NUMBER OF SETS OF CHROMOSOMES 8.8 NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MECHANISMS THAT PRODUCE VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME NUMBER PART III: MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANDREPLICATION OF THE GENETICMATERIAL 9 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA 9.1 IDENTIFICATION OF DNA AS THE GENETIC MATERIAL 9.2 OVERVIEW OF DNA AND RNA STRUCTURE 9.3 NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE 9.4 STRUCTURE OF A DNA STRAND 9.5 DISCOVERY OF THE DOUBLE HELIX 9.6 STRUCTURE OF THE DNA DOUBLE HELIX 9.7 RNA STRUCTURE 10 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOMES AND TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS 10.1 ORGANIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL SITES ALONG BACTERIAL CHROMOSOMES 10.2 STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL CHROMOSOMES 10.3 ORGANIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL SITES ALONG EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES 10.4 SIZES OF EUKARYOTIC GENOMES AND REPETITIVE SEQUENCES 10.5 TRANSPOSITION 10.6 STRUCTURE OF EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES IN NONDIVIDING CELLS 10.7 STRUCTURE OF EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES DURING CELL DIVISION 11 DNA REPLICATION 11.1 STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW OF DNA REPLICATION 11.2 BACTERIAL DNA REPLICATION: THE FORMATION OF TWO REPLICATION FORKS AT THE ORIGIN OF REPLICATION 11.3 BACTERIAL DNA REPLICATION: SYNTHESIS OF NEW DNA STRANDS 11.4 BACTERIAL DNA REPLICATION: CHEMISTRY AND ACCURACY 11.5 EUKARYOTIC DNA REPLICATION PART IV: MOLECULAR PROPERTIESOF GENES 12 GENE TRANSCRIPTION AND RNA MODIFICATION 12.1 OVERVIEW OF TRANSCRIPTION 12.2 TRANSCRIPTION IN BACTERIA 12.3 TRANSCRIPTION IN EUKARYOTES 12.4 RNA MODIFICATION 12.5 A COMPARISON OF TRANSCRIPTION AND RNA MODIFICATION IN BACTERIA AND EUKARYOTES 13 TRANSLATION OF mRNA 13.1 THE GENETIC BASIS FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 13.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GENETIC CODE AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 13.3 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE GENETIC CODE 13.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF tRNA 13.5 RIBOSOME STRUCTURE AND ASSEMBLY 13.6 STAGES OF TRANSLATION 14 GENE REGULATION IN BACTERIA 14.1 OVERVIEW OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION 14.2 REGULATION OF THE OPERON 14.3 REGULATION OF THE OPERON 14.4 TRANSLATIONAL AND POSTTRANSLATIONAL REGULATION 14.5 RIBOSWITCHES 15 GENE REGULATION INEUKARYOTES I:TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANDTRANSLATIONAL REGULATION 15.1 REGULATORY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS 15.2 CHROMATIN REMODELING,HISTONE VARIANTS, ANDHISTONE MODIFICATIONS 15.3 DNA METHYLATION 15.4 THE ENCODE PROJECT 15.5 REGULATION OFTRANSLATION 16 GENE REGULATION INEUKARYOTES II: EPIGENETICS 16.1 OVERVIEW OF EPIGENETICS 16.2 HETEROCHROMATIN: FUNCTION, STRUCTURE,FORMATION, ANDMAINTENANCE 16.3 EPIGENETICS AND DEVELOPMENT 16.4 PARAMUTATION 16.5 EPIGENETICS ANDENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS 17 NON- CODING RNAs 17.1 OVERVIEW OF NON- CODING RNAs 17.2 NON- CODING RNAs: EFFECTS ON CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND TRANSCRIPTION 17.3 NON- CODING RNAs: EFFECTS ON TRANSLATION, mRNA DEGRADATION, AND RNA MODIFICATIONS 17.4 NON- CODING RNAs AND PROTEIN TARGETING 17.5 NON- CODING RNAs AND GENOME DEFENSE 17.6 ROLE OF NON- CODING RNAs IN HUMAN DISEASES 18 GENETICS OF VIRUSES 18.1 VIRUS STRUCTURE AND GENETIC COMPOSITION 18.2 OVERVIEW OF VIRAL REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES 18.3 BACTERIOPHAGE . REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES 18.4 HIV REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE 19 GENE MUTATION, DNA REPAIR,AND RECOMBINATION 19.1 EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS ON GENE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 19.2 RANDOM NATURE OF MUTATIONS 19.3 SPONTANEOUS MUTATIONS 19.4 INDUCED MUTATIONS 19.5 DNA REPAIR 19.6 HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION PART V: GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES 20 MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES 20.1 GENE CLONING USING VECTORS 20.2 POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION 20.3 DNA SEQUENCING 20.4 GENE EDITING 20.5 BLOTTING METHODS TO DETECT GENE PRODUCTS 20.6 METHODS FOR ANALYZING DNA- AND RNA- BINDING PROTEINS 21 BIOTECHNOLOGY 21.1 USES OF MICROORGANISMS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 21.2 GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS 21.3 REPRODUCTIVE CLONING AND STEM CELLS 21.4 GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS 22 GENOMICS I: ANALYSIS OF DNA 22.1 OVERVIEW OF CHROMOSOME MAPPING 22.2 CYTOGENETIC MAPPING VIA MICROSCOPY 22.3 LINKAGE MAPPING VIA CROSSES 22.4 PHYSICAL MAPPING VIA CLONING AND DNA SEQUENCING 22.5 GENOME- SEQUENCING PROJECTS 22.6 METAGENOMICS 23 GENOMICS II: FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS,AND BIOINFORMATICS 23.1 FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS 23.2 PROTEOMICS 23.3 BIOINFORMATICS PART VI: GENETIC ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUALS AND POPULATIONS 24 MEDICAL GENETICS 24.1 INHERITANCE PATTERNS OF GENETIC DISEASES 24.2 DETECTION OF DISEASE-CAUSING ALLELES VIA HAPLOTYPES 24.3 GENETIC TESTING AND SCREENING 24.4 PRIONS 24.5 HUMAN GENE THERAPY 24.6 PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 25 GENETIC BASIS OF CANCER 25.1 OVERVIEW OF CANCER 25.2 ONCOGENES 25.3 TUMOR- SUPPRESSOR GENES 25.4 ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN CANCER 26 DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS 26.1 OVERVIEW OF ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT 26.2 INVERTEBRATE DEVELOPMENT 26.3 VERTEBRATE DEVELOPMENT 26.4 PLANT DEVELOPMENT 26.5 SEX DETERMINATION IN ANIMALS 27 POPULATION GENETICS 27.1 GENES IN POPULATIONS AND THE HARDY- WEINBERG EQUATION 27.2 OVERVIEW OF MICROEVOLUTION 27.3 NATURAL SELECTION 27.4 GENETIC DRIFT 27.5 MIGRATION 27.6 NONRANDOM MATING 27.7 SOURCES OF NEW GENETIC VARIATION 28 COMPLEX AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS 28.1 OVERVIEW OF COMPLEX AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS 28.2 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR EVALUATING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS 28.3 POLYGENIC INHERITANCE 28.4 IDENTIFICATION OF GENES THAT CONTROL QUANTITATIVE TRAITS 28.5 HERITABILITY 28.6 SELECTIVE BREEDING 29 EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS 29.1 ORIGIN OF SPECIES 29.2 PHYLOGENETIC TREES 29.3 MOLECULAR EVOLUTION Appendix A: Experimental Techniques Appendix B: Solutions to Even-Numbered Problems and All Comprehension and ConceptCheck Questions Glossary