Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security: IC4S 2022

Description

This book features selected research papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security (IC4S 2022), organized in Ghaziabad India, during October 21–22, 2022. The conference was hosted at KEC Ghaziabad in collaboration with WSG Poland, SFU Russia, & CSRL India. It includes innovative work from researchers, leading innovators, and professionals in the area of communication and network technologies, advanced computing technologies, data analytics and intelligent learning, the latest electrical and electronics trends, and security and privacy issues. Preface Contents Editors and Contributors Communication and Network Technologies Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Indoor Hydroponics Farm with Automated Climate and Light Control 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 System Design Methodology 3.1 System Architecture 3.2 IoT System Decision Flow 3.3 User Interface Mobile Application 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Drone Ecosystem: Architecture for Configuring and Securing UAVs 1 Introduction 2 UAV Ecosystem Infrastructure 3 Communication Architecture-Stage One 3.1 UAV or Drones 3.2 Light-Weight Cryptographic Function 3.3 Ad Hoc Network 4 Communication Architecture-Stage Two 4.1 5G Cellular Network 4.2 5G Cellular Tower 4.3 Network Slicing 5 Communication Architecture-Stage Three 5.1 Ground Station 5.2 Sub-ground Station 5.3 HTTP-3/QUIC Messaging Protocol 5.4 Zero-Round Trip Time (Zero/0-RTT) 5.5 Cloud, Cloud-Based Storage, and WAi 6 Security: Types of Attacks 6.1 Cyberattack Vectors 6.2 Physical Threat to Drones 7 Conclusion and Future Scope References An Improved Neural Network-Based Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Path Finding Mechanism 3.2 Management of Event 3.3 Evaluation of the QoS Parameters 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Energy Harvesting in Fifth-Generation Wireless Network: Upcoming Challenges and Future Directions 1 Introduction 2 Background and Motivation 3 Trends in Energy Harvesting 4 Challenges 5 Future Directions 6 Conclusion References Develop a Quantum Based Time Scheduling Algorithm for Digital Microfluidic Biochips 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description 2.1 Motivation 2.2 Problem Formulation 3 Proposed Algorithm 4 Experimental Result 5 Conclusion References Revolution in Agriculture with the Aid of Internet of Things 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 3 Benefits of IoT in Agriculture 4 Role of IoT in Agriculture 5 Proposed Systems 6 Conclusion References Supercontinuum Generation in Dispersion-Tailored Tetrachloroethylene Filled Photonic Crystal Fibers 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model of Tetrachloroethylene PCF 3 Dispersion Properties of the Proposed Fiber 4 SCG in Optimized Structures 5 Conclusion References Early Detection of Covid-19 Using Wearable Sensors’ Data Enabled by Semantic Web Technologies 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Objective 1.3 Contribution 2 Literature Survey 2.1 IoT and Covid-19 2.2 SWT and SWoT 2.3 Related Works-Early Detection of Covid-19 3 Methodology 4 Evaluation 4.1 Method and Metrics 4.2 Results 4.3 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References Cell Outage Detection in 5G Self-organizing Networks Based on FDA-HMM 1 Introduction 2 FDA Feature Extraction Method 3 Hidden Markov Models 4 HMM Training and Detection 4.1 Training Stage 4.2 Detection Stage 5 Simulation Results 5.1 FDA-HMM Performance at Different pp and upper LL 5.2 FDA-HMM Performance Comparison with Other Detectors 6 Conclusion References IoT-Based Scalable Framework for Pollution Aware Route Recommendation 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Air Quality Standards 4 Proposed Architecture 4.1 Air Pollution Tracking 4.2 Traffic Re-routing 5 Process Methodology 6 Experimental Setup 6.1 Ingest 6.2 Collect 6.3 Process 6.4 Store 6.5 Visualize 6.6 Route Recommendation 6.7 User Interface 6.8 Result Analysis 7 Interface 8 Conclusion and Future Directions References Drone: A Systematic Review of UAV Technologies 1 Introduction 1.1 About the Drone and Its History 2 Contextual and Associated Work 2.1 Literature Review 2.2 Challenges in the Field of UAVs 2.3 Applications of Drones 2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Drones 2.5 Simulator Tools 3 Future Work and Conclusions References Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Energy-Efficient Cooperative Spectrum Sensing 1 Introduction 2 System Model 3 Energy Efficiency of RIS-Based CSS 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References Resource Sharing in Back Haul Satellite-Based NOMA Network 1 Introduction 2 System Model 2.1 Selection a User for a BS 2.2 Access to Satellite 3 Results and Simulation 4 Conclusion References Advanced Computing Technologies A Review on Various Deepfakes’ Detection Methods 1 Introduction 2 Deepfakes’ Generation 3 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) 4 Types of Deepfakes 5 Literature Survey 6 Conclusion References Proposed Framework for Implementation of Biometrics in Banking KYC 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Biometric Security 3.1 Biometric Implementation in Banking 4 Retinal Biometric Recognition 4.1 What Is Retinal Biometric Recognition 4.2 Working of Retinal Biometric Recognition 4.3 Application of Iris Recognition 5 Threats and Attacks on Banking 6 Proposed Methodology 6.1 Components of the Adaptive Framework 6.2 Adaptive Operational Framework 7 Strengths of Proposed Methodology 7.1 Design Objectives of KYC Framework 8 Conclusion and Future Scope References Paddy Pro: A MobileNetV3-Based App to Identify Paddy Leaf Diseases 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed System 3.1 System Architecture 4 Classification Models 4.1 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) 4.2 MobileNetV3 4.3 Transfer Learning 4.4 Mobile App Development 5 Experimental Results 5.1 Performance Analysis 6 Conclusion References Cryptanalysis of RSEAP2 Authentication Protocol Based on RFID for Vehicular Cloud Computing 1 Introduction 1.1 RFID Communication System Security Standards for IoT 2 Literature Review 2.1 Definition of the Problem 2.2 The Purpose and Signicance of Our Work 3 Definitions and Mathematical Preliminaries 3.1 Background of ECC 4 RSEAP2-Protocol 5 Security Analysis of RSEAP2 5.1 Inappropriate Extraction of Keys 5.2 Inefficient Mutual Authentication Attack 5.3 Inefficient Session Key Establishment Attack 5.4 Attack on Denial of Service 5.5 Availability Issues 6 Performance Analysis 7 Concluding Remarks References A Survey on Code-Mixed Sentiment Analysis Based on Hinglish Dataset 1 Introduction 2 Related Research 3 Datasets 4 Challenges and Issues 5 Conclusion References An Alternative to PHP for the Development of Web Applications: Java Server Pages Engine 1 Introduction 2 Concept Statement 2.1 JSP: The Basis and High-Speed Setting 2.2 Shell for Java Server Pages 3 The Perspectives of Using Java Server Pages 4 Conclusions References Novel Load Balancing Technique for Microservice-Based Fog Healthcare Environment 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation and Novelty 1.2 Load Balancing in Fog Computing 2 Load Balancing Technique for Microservice-Based Fog Healthcare Environment 2.1 Workflow 2.2 Details of Microservice in Proposed Healthcare System 2.3 Success_factor-Based Load Balancing Algorithm 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Throughput 3.2 Execution Time 4 Conclusion References Self-improved COOT Algorithm for Resource Allocation in Cloud Data Centers 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Related Works 3 Resource Allocation Method in Cloud: An Overview of Proposed Concept 3.1 Suggested Resource Allocation Method 3.2 Cloud Setup 4 Improved K-means-Based Workload Clustering: SUCO-Based Optimal Centroid Identification 4.1 Improved K-means Clustering-Based Workload Clustering 4.2 Defined Threefold Objectives 4.3 Suggested SUCO Model for Resource Allocation and Optimal Centroid Selection 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Simulation Procedure 5.2 Analysis on Energy Consumption 5.3 Analysis on Execution Time 5.4 Analysis on Resource Utilization 5.5 Convergence Analysis 5.6 Performance Analysis 5.7 Analysis on Computing Time 6 Conclusion References XGBoost-Based Prediction and Evaluation Model for Enchanting Subscribers in Industrial Sector 1 Introduction 1.1 Customer Interaction 1.2 Customer Engagement Marketing 1.3 Implementing a Customer Engagement Marketing Strategy 1.4 Customer Interaction Strategies 2 Literature Review 3 Proposed System Model 3.1 Work Flow Classification 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References CleanO-Renewable Energy-Based Robotic Floor Cleaner 1 Introduction 2 Product Design 2.1 Product Comparison 2.2 Empathize and Ideate Phase 3 Proposed System Model 3.1 Block Diagram 3.2 Architectural Diagram of IoT-Based Floor Cleaner 3.3 Navigation System 4 Proposed Product Prototype 5 Challenges and Research Opportunities 5.1 Networking 5.2 Machine Learning 5.3 Blockchain 5.4 Artificial Intelligence 5.5 Renewable and Reusable Energych23b27 5.6 Future Resources 6 Conclusion References Impact of “COVID-19 Pandemic” on Children Online Education: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 2 Preliminary Data 2.1 Initial Search Results 2.2 Preliminary Data Analysis 3 Bibliometric Analysis 3.1 Geographical Region Analysis 3.2 Network Analysis 3.3 Statistical Analysis of Publication Citation 4 Conclusion and Discussion References Digital-Based Learning in Indian Government’s Higher Education: Initiatives and Insights 1 Introduction 1.1 Role of Digital-Based Learning 1.2 Digital Learning Strategy 1.3 Individualized Learning 1.4 Gamification and Badging 1.5 Mobile Learning (M-Learning) 1.6 Digital Learning Resources and CEC-UGC YouTube Channel 2 Literature Review 3 Electronic Textbook 3.1 e-PGPathshala, e-ShodhSindhu, Shodhganga, and e-GyanKosh 4 Animation and Graphics 4.1 SWAYAM and SWAYAM Prabha 4.2 NDLI 4.3 Spoken Tutorial and Virtual Labs 4.4 FOSSEE 4.5 ShodhShudhhi 4.6 e-Yantra, e-Kalpa, and e-Acharya 4.7 NSDL Database Management Limited Academic Depository (NDMLAD) 4.8 Vidwan 5 Conclusion References Autonomous Vehicles Adoption Classification for Future Mobility in UAE Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Literature 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Preprocessing 3.3 Model Development 4 Model Evaluation and Results 5 Conclusion References An Augmented Reality Framework as a Solution to Enhance the Experience of Visiting a Museum 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Solution Architecture 3.1 System General Overview 3.2 Overall System Architecture 4 Mobile Application 5 Augmented Reality 5.1 AR Systems 5.2 ImmersalAR Versus EasyAR 6 3D Content Acquisition 6.1 3D Eva Scanner 6.2 Photogrammetry 7 Experimental Results 8 Discussion—Augmented Reality Compatibility 9 Conclusions References Hybrid Real-Time Implicit Feedback SOM-Based Movie Recommendation Systems 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 3 Hybrid Action-Related System 4 Experiments and Discussions 5 Observations 6 Conclusion References Data Analytics and Intelligent Learning Automatic SMS Spam Filtering for Disaster Response Using Classification Algorithms 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using X-Ray and CT Scan Images Based on Machine Learning Approaches 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Taxonomic Classification for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using Machine Learning 4 Machine Learning-Based Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using X-Ray and CT Scan 4.1 Acquisition of Image Dataset 4.2 Image Preprocessing 4.3 Lung Segmentation 4.4 Nodule Enhancement 4.5 Nodule Detection 4.6 Feature Extraction 4.7 Machine Learning Algorithms 4.8 Classification 5 Conclusion References Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Malaria 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Material and Method 3.1 Dataset Analysis 3.2 Parameters Analysis 3.3 Model Architecture 3.4 Model Evaluation 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion 5.1 Feature Work References Yoga Pose Estimation Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 1.1 Human Pose Estimation 1.2 Problem Statement 2 Literature Survey 3 Dataset 3.1 Dataset Acquisition 3.2 Label Hierarchy and Annotation 4 About MediaPipe 5 Methodology 5.1 Processing the Dataset 5.2 Algorithm Design 5.3 Model Description 5.4 Pseudocode 6 Results 6.1 Level 1 6.2 Level 2 6.3 Level 3 7 Conclusion References COVID Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using Deep Learning Model 1 Introduction 1.1 General 1.2 Prediction 1.3 Objective 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Overview 3.2 Working 3.3 X-Ray Classification 3.4 Dataset 3.5 Pre-processing Techniques 3.6 COVID Detection Model 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Impact of Boosting Techniques in AI-Based Credit Card Fraud Detection Classifier 1 Introduction 1.1 Contribution 1.2 Organization 2 Related Work 3 Most Prominent Fraud Detection Use Cases 4 Proposed Research Work 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Execution Flow 4.3 Solution and Challenges 5 Methodology and Concepts 5.1 kNN 5.2 Naive Bayes Classifier 5.3 Decision Tree 5.4 Random Forest 5.5 AdaBoost Classifier 5.6 Multilayer Perceptron 5.7 Boltzmann Machine 6 Execution and Implementation 6.1 Dataset Selection 7 Results and Discussions 8 Conclusion and Future Work References Stock Price Prediction for Market Forecasting Using Machine Learning Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Contribution 2 Forecasting Stock Prices Using Machine and Deep Learning 2.1 Related Works 3 Forecasting in Stock Price Prediction and Time Series Analysis 3.1 Augmented Dickey–Fuller Test 3.2 Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin Test 4 Case Study: Time Series Analysis Using LSTM, ARIMA and SARIMAX Models 4.1 Long Short-Term Memory Analysis 4.2 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Analysis 4.3 SARIMAX Model 5 Conclusion and Future Works References Thyroid Carcinoma Prediction Using ACO and Machine Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 1.1 Thyroid Carcinoma 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Statement 4 Proposed Methodology 5 Implementation of Algorithm 6 Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm-Based Feature Selection 7 Result and Discussion 8 Conclusion References Cyclone Intensity Detection and Classification Using a Attention-Based 3D Deep Learning Model 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Methodology: 3D Attention Module 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion 5.1 Future Scope References Towards Development of Data Architecture for Learning Analytics Projects Using Data Engineering Approach 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Research Organisation 4 Related Work 5 Unified Architecture for Data Infrastructure 6 Current State of Data Infrastructure Implementation at the University 7 Discussion and Conclusion References A Real-Time Road Crash Prediction Model by Hybridizing Multiple Learning Classifiers 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Machine Learning Assisted Intelligent Reflecting Surface MIMO Communication-Gateway for 6G—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Machine Learning for Wireless Systems with IRS-Assistance 2.1 Deep Learning for Communication Systems Assisted by IRS 2.2 Reinforcement Learning for IRS-Emphasised Communication Systems 2.3 Supervised Learning for Communication Systems Enhanced by IRS 2.4 Unsupervised Learning for Communication Systems Enhanced by IRS 2.5 Federated Learning for Communication Systems Enhanced by the IRS 3 Future Directions for Research in Machine Learning-Based IRS-Aided Wireless Communication 3.1 Optimal Deployment of IRS 3.2 Dynamic Hybrid Beamforming 3.3 Modelling of Constrained Systems 3.4 Channel State Characterisation 3.5 IRS for IoT Network 3.6 Anti-eavesdropping Measures 3.7 Mm Wave Communication 3.8 EDGE Intelligence 4 Conclusion References AI-Based Invoice Payment Date Prediction for B2B 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Logistic Regression 3.2 Decision Tree 3.3 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 3.4 Pre-processing 3.5 Comparison with Various Regression 4 Conclusion References Early Fault Detection for Rotating Machinery Onboard Ships Motor Using Fuzzy Logic and K-Means 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Failures in Motor 2.2 Causes of Failure 3 Methodology Adopted 4 Proposed Work 4.1 Fuzzy Inference System 4.2 Membership Functions 4.3 If-Then Rules 4.4 Evaluation with Fuzzy Inference System 4.5 Dimensionality Reduction for K-Means Clustering 4.6 Optimal Parameter Calculation for K-Means Clustering 4.7 Evaluation with K-Means Clustering 5 Conclusion References Intellectual Movie Recommendation System Using Supervised Machine Learning Method 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Approach 4 Machine Learning Algorithm Used for Recommendation System 5 Performance Assessment 6 Results 7 Conclusion and Future Work References A Comparative Study on Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Predictive Analysis of Stock Prices 1 Introduction 1.1 Stock Prediction 1.2 Sentiment Analysis 1.3 Motivation 1.4 Research Contribution 2 Experimental Work 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Random Forest 3.2 Linear Regression 3.3 Support Vector Machine 4 Conclusion and Future Scope References Opinion Mining-Assisted Intelligent Program Selection Employing Fuzzy SWARA Mechanism 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Proposed Methodology 4 Implementation 5 Result and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Deraining of Image Using UNet-Based Conditional Generative Adversarial Network 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Related Works 1.3 Contribution and Organization of Paper 2 Methodology 2.1 Network Architecture 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Datasets 3.2 Evaluation Metrics 3.3 Comparison with the State-of-the-Art Methods 4 Conclusion and Future Scope References Video Indexing and Retrieval Techniques: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Different Approaches of Video Indexing and Retrieval 2.1 Keyframes Features 2.2 Object-Based Features 2.3 Motion-Based Features 3 Analysis of Different Video Indexing and Retrieval Techniques 4 Video Indexing and Retrieval Challenges 5 Applications 6 Conclusion References A Robust Deep Learning Techniques for Alzheimer’s Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Overview of the Architecture 3.2 Data Pre-processing 3.3 Inception(V3) Network 3.4 Fastai 4 Experiments 5 Conclusion References Latest Electrical and Electronics Trends Steganography Methods for GIF Images: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Categorization of Steganography Methods 2.1 Palette-Based Embedding 2.2 Frame-Based Embedding 3 Related Works 3.1 Palette-Based Method 3.2 Frame-Based Method 4 Evaluation Methods 4.1 Image Quality Assessment 5 Future Directions 6 Conclusion References Image Interpolation-Based Steganographic Techniques Under Spatial Domain: A Survey 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 2 Literature Review 2.1 Interpolation Techniques 2.2 Interpolation-Based Data Hiding Techniques 3 Comparative Analysis 4 Conclusion References A Comparative Review on Image Interpolation-Based Reversible Data Hiding 1 Introduction 2 Various Interpolation Methods 3 Related works 4 Results Analysis and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Real-Time Face Mask Detection Using Convolution Neural Network and Computer Vision 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Dataset 3 Proposed System 3.1 Implementing CNN Architecture in the Model 3.2 Data Splitting and CNN Model Training 3.3 Implementation 3.4 Proposed Algorithm 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 4.1 Detection of Face with Mask 4.2 Detection of Face Without Mask 5 Performance Analysis and Evaluation Metrics 6 Conclusion References A Video-Based System for Vehicle Tracking Based on Optical Flow and Shi-Tomasi Corner Detection Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Vehicle Tracking Methods 3 Comparative Analysis 3.1 Object Detection Techniques 3.2 Vehicle Tracking Algorithms 4 Vehicle Tracking Algorithm 5 Implementation 5.1 Result of Pre-processing 5.2 Result of Vehicle Tracking 5.3 Results 6 Conclusion References Breast Cancer Classification Using a Novel Image Processing Pipeline and a Two-Stage Deep Learning Segmentation and Classification Approach 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Contribution 1.2 Paper Organization 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 About Datasets 3.2 Preprocessing Pipeline 3.3 Models 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Analysis of Malignant and Non-malignant Lesion Detection Techniques for Human Skin Image 1 Introduction 1.1 Skin Lesion 1.2 Skin Lesion Types 1.3 Lesion Analysis Method 2 Review of Literature 3 Melanoma Diagnosis Techniques 3.1 ABCD-E Rule 3.2 Pattern Analysis 3.3 The 3-Point Checklist 3.4 Texture Assessment 3.5 Menzies Method 3.6 The Seven Point Checklist 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References Implementation of Multi-input (MI) KY Boost Converter for Hybrid Renewable Energy System 1 Introduction 1.1 Review on Controllers 1.2 Survey on Controllers for Hybrid the Renewable Energy 2 Proposed System 2.1 Scope 2.2 Objective 2.3 Stability Analysis of Multi-input (MI) KY Boost Converters 3 PV/Wind Power System 3.1 Solar Energy System 3.2 Wind System 4 Design of Fuzzy-Based MPPT PV Panel and Wind System Control 5 Energy Management Using PV/Wind Power System 5.1 Battery Storage System 5.2 Energy Management 5.3 Intelligent Controller 6 Simulation Results 7 Results from Homer Software 8 Conclusion References Security and Privacy Issues A Prevention Technique-Based Framework for Securing Healthcare Data 1 Introduction 1.1 Categories of Healthcare Data 1.2 Defining Blockchain 2 Literature Review 3 Healthcare Data-Related Vulnerabilities 4 Data Threats in Health Care 5 Prevention Techniques for Healthcare Data 6 Proposed Framework 6.1 Components of the Adaptive Framework 6.2 Adaptive Operational Framework 7 Strengths of Proposed Framework 8 Conclusion and Future Scope References An Enhanced Encryption Scheme for Cloud Security 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to Cloud Computing 2 Problem Statement and Proposed Method 2.1 Problem Formulation 3 Result Analysis 3.1 Parameters for Analyzing Performance 4 Conclusion 5 Future Scope References A Lightweight Authentication Scheme and Security Key Establishment for Internet of Medical Things 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation and Problem Statement 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Organization of the Paper 2 Related Work 3 System Architecture 3.1 Protocol 4 Evaluations and Security Analysis 4.1 Performance and Comparative Analysis 5 Conclusions and Future Directions References Performance of Machine Learning Models on Crime Data 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Contribution 1.2 Organization of Paper 2 Background 3 Materials and Methodology 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Data Provenance 3.3 Libraries Applied 3.4 Data Preprocessing 3.5 Exploratory Data Analysis 3.6 Feature Scaling 3.7 Applied Machine Learning Models 3.8 Evaluation Parameters 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Improved Complexity in Localization of Copy-Move Forgery Using DWT 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Motivation 3.1 Discrete Wavelet Transform on Image 3.2 GLRLM Wavelet Texture Features 4 Proposed Method 5 Implementation 5.1 Dataset Description 5.2 Image Conversion to Gray Scale 5.3 Wavelet Transform 5.4 Dividing Sub-image LL into Overlapping Blocks 5.5 Wavelet GLRLM Feature Extraction from Image Blocks 5.6 Finding Similar Blocks 5.7 Final Result Processing 6 Performance Evaluation 7 Results 7.1 Jpeg Compression 7.2 Blurring 8 Comparison 9 Conclusion References Non-Fungible Tokens’ Marketplace: A Secured Blockchain-Based Decentralized Framework for Online Auction 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Secured NFT Marketplace-Embedded Blockchain 4 Methodology Proposed with Non-Fungible Token 4.1 Auction Mechanism 5 Implementation 5.1 Minting NFT Smart Contract Functionality 6 Conclusion References Untangling Explainable AI in Applicative Domains: Taxonomy, Tools, and Open Challenges 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions and Layout 2 Related Work 3 Explainable AI—Scope, Inputs, and Techniques 3.1 XAI—The Basic Preliminaries 3.2 Techniques of Explainable AI 3.3 Tools and Frameworks 4 XAI in Applicative Verticals: A Solution Taxonomy 4.1 Industry 4.2 IoT Monitoring 4.3 Health Care 4.4 Software 5 Open Issues and Future Directions 6 Conclusion and Future Works References AutoBots: A Botnet Intrusion Detection Scheme Using Deep Autoencoders 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions and Layout 2 Related Work 3 AutoBots: The Proposed Botnet Detection Method 3.1 Training Process 3.2 Consistent Checking for Anomaly Detection 4 AutoBots: Performance Evaluation 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Botnet Deployed 4.3 Attacks Analysis 4.4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Study on Fuel Cell Vehicle Braking System Selection and Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Historical Background of Fuel Cell 3 Structural Design in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle 4 Key Component of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle 4.1 Battery Pack Selection 4.2 Choice of Fuel Cell 4.3 Traction Motor’s Choice 5 Block Diagram of Vehicle on MATLAB/Simulink 6 Anti-lock Braking System 7 Components of ABS 8 Working of ABS 9 Regenerative Braking System 10 Conclusion References Deepfakes: A New Era of Misinformation 1 Introduction 1.1 Need and Importance 1.2 Deepfake’s Origins 1.3 Impact on the World 1.4 Why Aren’t They Illegal yet? 2 Process of Creating Deepfakes 2.1 Neural Networks 3 Approach 3.1 Step-by-Step Process 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Spotting Deepfakes 5 Conclusion References Graph Neural Network-Based Anomaly Detection in Blockchain Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Graph-Based Techniques 3.2 Experimental Dataset 3.3 Background of Anomaly Detection 3.4 Graphic Neural Network 3.5 Proposed Method for Anomaly Detection 3.6 Classification 4 Experimental Analysis 5 Conclusion References Author Index