Mechanics of Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites

Description

This book delves into the mechanical analysis of the nanomaterials and polymer nanocomposite materials by shedding light on the mechanical performance of nanomaterials, elasticity and viscoelasticity behaviors of polymer nanocomposites, the laminate and sandwich theories, durability and fatigue behaviors. The chapters in this book bring together leading experts in the field to provide an update of the latest scientific results and a fully holistic understanding of the mechanical performance of these materials. The book interests the academic and industrial researchers, R&D managers and engineers working in material and nanomaterial sciences, polymer science and technology, automotive and aerospace engineering, construction and sporting goods, etc. The book also targets the readers that may have no prior knowledge about composite and nanocomposite materials. Contents About the Editors Introduction of Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites 1 Introduction 2 Introduction to Nanomaterials 2.1 Zero-Dimensional 2.2 One-Dimensional 2.3 Two-Dimensional 2.4 Three-Dimensional 3 From Nanomaterials to Polymer Nanocomposites 3.1 Classification of Polymer Nanocomposites 3.2 Methods for the Incorporation of Nanomaterials in a Polymer Matrix 4 Mechanics of Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites 4.1 Techniques and Equipment to Characterize the Mechanical Properties 4.2 Mechanical Investigation 4.3 Strain 5 Conclusion References Carbon Nanotubes Particles: Processing, Mechanical Properties and Application 1 Introduction 2 History of Carbon Nanotubes 3 Structure and Models of CNT 4 Synthesis Methods 4.1 High Temperature Methods 4.2 Medium Temperature Methods 4.3 Low Temperature Methods 5 Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 5.1 Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 5.2 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 5.3 Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 6 Functionalization of CNTs 6.1 Covalent Functionalization of CNT 6.2 Non-covalent Functionalization 7 Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites 7.1 Preparation of Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites 7.2 Mechanical Properties of Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites 7.3 Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites Application 8 Conclusion References Mechanical Characterization of Graphene Nanoparticles 1 Introduction 2 Classifications and Characteristics of Graphene 2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphene 3 Mechanical Characterization Methods 3.1 Optical Microscopy 3.2 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 3.3 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 3.4 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) 3.5 Raman Spectrum (Raman) 4 Tensile Strength and Young’s Modulus of Graphene 5 Summary References Nanostructured Metals: Optical, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties 1 Introduction 2 Applications 2.1 Catalysis 2.2 SERS 2.3 SEF—Surface Enhanced Fluorescence 2.4 LSPR-Based Sensing 2.5 NIR Photothermal Therapy 2.6 Surface-Based Electronic Devices 3 Nanostructured Metals 4 Synthesis Routes of Metal Nanostructures 4.1 Top-Down Route 4.2 Bottom-Up Route 5 Characterization Techniques of Nanostructured Metals 6 Properties of Metal Nanostructures 6.1 Optical Properties 6.2 Electrical Properties 6.3 Mechanical Properties 7 Conclusion References Green Nanomaterials: Processing, Characterization and Applications 1 Introduction 2 Green Nanomaterial Processing 2.1 Processing of Nanocellulose—A Green Nanomaterial 2.2 Processing of PLA Composites 2.3 Processing of Cellulose-Based Composites 3 Green Nanomaterial Characterizations 3.1 X-ray Diffraction 3.2 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) 3.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 3.4 Other Characterization Techniques 4 Applications of Green Nanomaterials 4.1 Wastewater Treatment and Remediation 4.2 Packaging 4.3 Coatings 4.4 Biomedical Treatment 4.5 Other Applications of Green Nanomaterials 5 Conclusions and Future Outlook References Nanocellulose: Extraction, Mechanical Properties, and Applications 1 Introduction 2 Extraction Method 2.1 Mechanical Method 2.2 Chemical Method 2.3 Enzymatic Methods 3 Applications 4 Mechanical Properties 5 Conclusion References Nanomaterials Based Polymer Composites: Mechanical Properties 1 Introduction 2 Nanomaterials 2.1 Mechanics of Nanomaterials 3 Polymer Nanocomposites 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Structure of Polymer Nanocomposites 3.3 Mechanics of Polymer Nanocomposites (PNCs) 4 Future Outlook 5 Conclusions References Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Nanocomposites 1 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis Fundaments 2 Types of Fillers 3 Interaction of Nano Fillers with Thermoplastics and Thermoset Matrices 4 Conclusion References Fracture Toughness of Polymer Nanocomposites 1 Introduction 2 Fracture Toughness Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 3 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites 4 Limitations of Polymer Nanocomposites 5 Summary References Finite Deformation of Polymer Nanocomposites 1 Introduction 1.1 Thermo-viscoelastic Properties 2 Finite Deformation Gradient—An Atomistically-Informed Multiscale Method 2.1 Crack Progress 2.2 Elastic Properties 2.3 Shape Memory 2.4 Heterogeneous Elastic Structural Elements 3 Deformation Mechanisms 3.1 Elastic Response 3.2 Glassy Polymers 4 Conclusion References Micromechanics of Nanomaterials Based Polymer Nanocomposites 1 Introduction 2 Shape Memory 3 Carbon Nanotube (CNT) 3.1 CNT 3.2 CNT—Polymer Media 3.3 CNT—Interface–Treated 4 Montmorillonite Nanoparticles 5 Graphene 6 Graphene Oxide 7 CNT-Filled Polymer 7.1 Graphene-Based Nanoplatelets 8 CNT—Polyimide 9 EGaIn—Polymer 10 Conclusion References Nanocomposites: Homogenization and Kinematic Relations 1 Introduction 2 Historical Background 3 Nanocomposite Classification 4 Raw Materials 5 Nanofillers 6 Manufacturing Methods 6.1 In-situ Polymerization 6.2 Melt Intercalation 6.3 Exfoliation-Adsorption 6.4 Melt-Spinning 6.5 Electrospinning 6.6 Sol–Gel 7 Nanocomposite Homogenization Techniques 8 Homogenization Measurement Methods 9 Nanocomposite Kinematics 10 Nanocomposite Homogenization and Kinematic Relation 11 Nanocomposite Materials Characterization 11.1 Surface Morphology of Nanocomposite 11.2 Mechanical Properties Nanocomposites 12 Nanocomposite Applications 13 Nanocomposites in Economic and Environmental Perspective 14 Challenges and Future Prospective of Nanocomposites 15 Conclusion References