Focus on Ireland

Description

Table of contents Preface REFERENCES Abbreviations Maps REFERENCES Irish English Context and Contacts 1. The study of Irish English 1.1. Irish English and language contact 1.2. Further development in the study of Irish English 2. The spread of Irish English 2.1. The introduction of English in Ireland 2.2. Bilingualism, diglossia, and the spread of English 2.3. The status of Irish English 3. Irish English and linguistic variation REFERENCES Bilingualism and Substrate Influence A Look at Clefts and Reflexives 1. Introduction 2. Cleft sentences 3. Reflexives 4. Summary 5. Discussion Acknowledgements NOTES REFERENCES The Influence of Irish on Perfect Marking in Hiberno-English The Case of the "Extended-now" Perfect 1. Introduction1 2. Hiberno-English perfects 3. Meanings and uses of the extended-now perfect in HE dialects 4. The origins of the EP 4.1. Superstratum vs. substratum accounts 4.2. The case for the Irish substratum reconsidered 5. Conclusion NOTES REFERENCES The Emerging Irish Phonological Substratum in Irish English 1. Language contact 2. The distribution of the Irish dialects 3. Emerging cross-linguistic links 4. The palatalization/velarization contrast 4.1. The labial consonants 4.2. The velar consonants 4.2.1 Velar stops preceding the diphthong /ai/ 5. The alveolar/dental consonants 6. The sonorants 6.1. R-types 7. Length and the vocalic system 7.1. Length distinctions 7.2. The raising of mid vowels 8. Conclusion REFERENCES The Syntax Of Belfast English 1. Introduction 2. Standard Belfast English 2.1. Inversion in embedded questions 2.2. Inverted imperatives 2.3. Subject contact relatives 3. Local forms which are not strongly stigmatized 3.1. Singular concord 3.2. The historic present 3.3. For-to infinitives 3.4. Topic structures 4. Stigmatized structures 4.1. Non-standard past tenses and past participles 4.2. Demonstratives 4.3. Negative concord 5. Stability and change NOTES REFERENCES Aspects of Prosody in Hiberno-EnglishThe Case of Belfast 1. Defining prosody and overcoming notions of standardness 2. The neglect of prosody and the need for an analytic framework 3. Intonation and the Anglo-Irish bias: The consequences 4. Background to Belfast and northern Hiberno-English intonation 4.1. Rises as a relic of Irish English? 5. Intonation in British English and Hiberno-English: Establishing units 6. A model for analysing Belfast English intonation 6.1. Intonational divisions in Belfast English 6.2. Acoustic correlates of prominence in Belfast intonation: primacy of obtrusion 6.3. Pitch movement 6.4. The phonetic basis for identifying more than one prominence per tone sequence 7. Tonal characteristics of prominences in Belfast intonation 8. Non-prominent components of the tone sequence 8.1. Leading segment types 8.2. The final segment of the tone sequence 9. The Belfast model applied to other varieties 10. Intonational function 10.1. Tone sequences and syntactic correlations 11. Summary NOTES REFERENCES Confusion of Dentality and Alveolarity in Dialects of Hiberno-English 1. Introductory 2. Synchronic 3. Historical consideration 4. Conclusion NOTES REFERENCES Diphthongization of (o) in Claddagh Hiberno-EnglishA Network Study 1. Introduction 1.1. The Claddagh 1.2. Network study 1.3. Speech style and the notion of the vernacular 1.4. Subject selection 1.4.1 Information on the subjects 1.4.2 Data analysis 2. Results 2.1. Was there evidence of diphthongization? 2.2. Did speech style affect diphthongization ? 2.3. Did diphthongization feature more strongly in the speech of female speakers? 2.4. Is diphthongization linked to the age of the speaker? 2.5. Did phonological environment affect diphthongization? 2.6. Generational comparisons 2.6.1 Generation A 2.6.2 Generation C 2.6.3 Generation B 3. Conclusion REFERENCES The Lexicon of Hiberno-English 1. Introduction 2. Wordlists 2.1. Leinster 2.1.1 Forth and Bargy 2.2. Munster 2.3. Connacht 2.4. Ulster 2.5. Other lists 3. Conclusion REFERENCES Irish English and Contemporary Literary Writing 1. Introduction 1.1. Extracts from two Belfast poems in Standard English 1.2. Extracts from two poems in Ulster Scots 1.3. Phemios and Medon 1.4. Prose extract in oral narrative style 1.5. Prose extracts in conversational style 2. Definitions 2.1. Poetry excerpts 2.2. Prose excerpts 3. A model of speech realism 3.1. Speech realism and Irish English in literature 4. Speech and literary language NOTE REFERENCES The Role of Irish English in the Formation of New World Englishes The Case from Newfoundland 1. The Irish in Canada — an overview 2. Irish English in Newfoundland 3. Phonological features 4. Morphological and syntactic features 4.1. The 'have it eaten' construction 4.2. Tlie 'after' perfect 4.3. Present-tense marking 4.4. Present- tense habitual markin 5. Conclusion Acknowledgements NOTES REFERENCES A Tale of Two Georges The Language of Irish Indian Traders in Colonial North America 1. A sociohistorical framework 2. Features examined 2.1. Subject-verb concord 2.1.1 Subject-Type Constraint 2.1.2 Proximity to Subject Constraint 2.2. a- Prefixing 2.3. Zero have 2.4. Phonological features 2.4.1 Front vowels: the meati mate merger 2.4.2 Front vowels: the pen/pin merger 3. Discussion and conclusions NOTES REFERENCES Index of Subjects